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Symbols[ Top ]
< > (angle brackets)
      < > redirection operator, Bash and ksh, 352, 355
{ } (braces)
      groups of commands, 354
      ksh93 variable names containing . (dot), 360
      search pattern metacharacters, 536
      string expansion characters, tcsh, 420
      Unix metacharacter, 538
[ ] (brackets), 353
      [[ ]] command (Bash and ksh), 375
      [[=c=]] notation, matching characters with same weight, 352
      [[.c.]] notation, specifying collating sequences, 352
      enclosing array elements, Bash and ksh, 364
      filename metacharacters, tcsh, 419, 420
      Unix metacharacters, 536, 538
( ) (parentheses)
      command grouping, Bash and ksh, 352, 354
      command grouping, tcsh, 420, 421
      enclosing make utility macro names, 755
      Unix metacharacter, 537, 538
" " (quotation marks, double)
      quoting in Bash and ksh, 353
      quoting in tcsh, 420, 421
' ' (quotation marks, single)
      quoting in Bash and ksh, 353
      quoting in tcsh, 420, 421
& (ampersand)
      &= (assignment) operator, 367, 435
      && (logical AND) operator, 354, 367, 421, 435, 618
      background execution, Bash and ksh, 352, 354
      background execution, tcsh, 420, 421
      bitwise AND operator, 367, 435
      ex command, 593
      redirection symbol, Bash and ksh, 352
      redirection symbol, tcsh, 420
      replacement pattern metacharacter, 537
* (asterisk)
      *= (assignment) operator, 367, 435, 618
      ** exponentiation operator, 367, 618
      filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 353
      filename metacharacter, tcsh, 419, 420
* (asterisk) (continued )
      multiplication operator, 367, 435, 618
      Unix metacharacter, 536, 538
@ (at command)
      ex, 593
      tcsh, 437, 446
@ (at sign)
      array operator, 772
      filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 353
` (backquote)
      command substitution in Bash and ksh, 353
      command substitution in tcsh, 420, 421
\ (backslash)
      filename metacharacter, 352
      line continuation in makefile, 749
      quoting in Bash and ksh, 353
      quoting in tcsh, 420, 421
      replacement pattern metacharacter, 537
      search pattern metacharacter, 536, 538
^ (caret)
      ^= (assignment) operator, 367, 435, 618
      bitwise exclusive OR operator, 367, 435
      exponentiation operator, 618
      filename metacharacter, tcsh, 419, 420
      quick substitution, tcsh, 420
      search pattern metacharacter, 536
      Unix metacharacter, 538
: (colon)
      ex commands, 562, 579
      null command, Bash and ksh, 374
      sed command, 601
      tcsh command, 447
, (comma) operator, 367
$ (dollar sign)
      $" ", quoting in Bash and Korn shells, 353
      $' ', quoting in Bash and Korn shells, 353
      ${ - } syntax, referencing arrays, 364
      built-in Bash and Korn shell variable names, 359
      field reference operator, 618
      GDB convenience variable names, 771
      GDB value history, 771
      make utility, in command lines, 762
      make utility macro names, 755
      search pattern metacharacter, 536, 538
      variable substitution in Bash and ksh, 353
      variable substitution in tcsh, 420
. (dot)
      Bash and ksh command, 375
      ksh93 variable names containing, 360
      Unix metacharacter, 536, 538
. (dot) command, used with function function, 357
. (dot) files, 664
= (equal sign)
      =~ string equality, tcsh, 436
      = = equality operator, 367, 436, 618
      assignment operator, 367, 435, 618
      ex command, 593
      sed command, 601
! (exclamation mark)
      != (inequality) operator, 367, 436, 618
      !~ regular expression nonmatch, awk, 618
      !~ string inequality, tcsh, 436
      ex command, 593
      expanded to current command number in Korn shell, 365
      filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 352, 353
      history substitution, tcsh, 420
      negating pipeline, ksh and Bash, 374
      negation in sed, 598
      NOT operator, 354, 366, 435
      redirection symbol, tcsh, 420
# (hash mark)
      #! command, invoking named shell, 374
      #! command, invoking tcsh shell, 447
      comments
            awk, 624
            Bash and ksh, 374
            sed, 601
            tcsh, 446
- (hyphen)
      -= (assignment) operator, 367, 435, 618
      - - (auto-decrement) operator, 366, 435, 618
      filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 353
      negation operator, 366
      subtraction operator, 367, 435, 618
      tag names and (cvs), 684
< (left angle bracket)
      <<= (assignment) operator, 367
      << bitwise left shift operator, 367, 435
      <& (file descriptor), Bash and ksh, 355
      <= (less than or equal to) operator, 367, 436, 618
      << redirection operator, 355, 422
      <<< redirection operator, 355
      ex command, 594
      less than operator, 367, 436, 618
      redirection operator, 354, 420, 422
% (percent)
      %= (assignment) operator, 367, 435, 618
      modulus operator, 367, 435, 618
      pattern rules in makefile lines, 750
      replacement pattern metacharacter (ed), 538
| (pipe character)
      |= (assignment) operator, 367, 435
      || (logical OR) operator, 354, 367, 421, 435, 618
      |& (execute coprocesses in ksh), 356
      |& (multiple redirection), 422
      Bash and ksh, 352
      bitwise OR operator, 367, 435
      in syntax descriptions, xvi
      redirecting command output, 354, 421, 422
      tcsh shell, 420
      Unix metacharacter, 537, 538
+ (plus sign)
      += (assignment) operator, 367, 435, 618
      ++ (auto-increment) operator, 366, 435, 618
      addition operator, 367, 435, 618
      filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 353
      unary operator, 366
      Unix metacharacter, 537, 538
? (question mark)
      ?: (inline conditional evaluation), 367, 618
      C shell secondary prompt, xvi
      filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 353
      filename metacharacter, tcsh, 419, 420
      search pattern metacharacter, 537, 538
> (right angle bracket)
      >>= (assignment) operator, 367
      >> bitwise right shift operator, 367, 435
      >= (greater than or equal to) operator, 367, 436, 618
      >& (multiple redirection), 355, 422
      >&! (multiple redirection), 422
      >>& (multiple redirection), 422
      >>&! (multiple redirection), 422
      >! redirection operator, 422
      >> redirection operator, 354, 422
      >>! redirection operator, 422
      >| redirection operator, 355
      Bourne or Korn shell secondary prompt, xvi
      ex command, 594
      greater than operator, 367, 436, 618
      redirection operator, 354, 420, 422
; (semicolon) command separator, 352, 354, 420, 421
/ (slash)
      /= (assignment) operator, 367, 435, 618
      division operator, 367, 435, 618
~ (tilde)
      binary inversion operator, 435
      bitwise negation operator, 366
      ex command, 594
      filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 353
      filename metacharacter, tcsh, 420
      home directories in Bash and ksh, 351
      home directories in tcsh, 420, 442
      home directory in CVS, 673
      regular expression match operator, 618
      replacement pattern metacharacter, 538
_ (underscore), tag names and, 684

A[ Top ]
a command (sed), 601
abbreviate command (ex), 580
abbreviations commands (Emacs), 548
ABI (Application Binary Interface), 780
access mode for files, changing, 35
access time for files, updating, 217
aclocal command, 16
actions, awk, 614, 615
      simple pattern-action examples, 616
active processes, reports on, 252
Ada programming language, compiling, 95
add command
      CVS, 674
      svn, 710
addresses for ex commands, 579
addresses for sed commands, 598
add-symbol-file command (GDB), 790
admin command (CVS), 674-677
advance command (GDB), 790
Advanced Package Tool (see APT)
alias command
      Bash and Korn shells, 375
      tcsh, 447
aliases (command)
      removing, 415
      special, for tcsh commands, 441
aliasing variables, 359
alloc command (tcsh), 447
alnum character class, 352
alpha character class, 352
Alt key (Emacs commands), 544
and function (gawk), 624
AND operator
      & (bitwise AND), 367, 435
      && (logical AND), 354, 367, 421, 435
annotate command (CVS), 677
annotation processing tool (apt), 321
ANSI/VT100 terminal emulation, enabling (screen), 180-181
Apache 2.0 httpd web server, use with Subversion, 743
append command (ex), 580
appending to files, 16, 31
appletviewer Java command, 321
Application Binary Interface (ABI), 780
application defaults on Mac OS X, 306-308
apply Mac OS command, 304
apropos command
      GDB, 790
      Unix, 16
APT (Advanced Package Tool), 469
apt- commands, options, 496
apt Java command, 321
apt-cache command, 496-499
apt-cdrom command, 499
apt-config command, 499
apt-extracttemplates command, 500
apt-ftparchive command, 500
apt-get command, 469, 502-505
aptitude command, 469, 505-508
apt-sortpkgs command, 505
ar command, 16
arbitrary-precision arithmetic, performing with bc, 26
Arch (source code management system), 641
archives
      copying, 42
      disassembling, 244
      Java
            adding digital signature, 323
            jar command, 322
      maintenance (ar), 16
      Portable Archive Exchange (pax), 166-169
      removing information from (strip), 196
      shell archive, producing, 319
      tar (tape archive), 205-213
      zip command, 238
      ZIP format, printing information about, 240
args command (ex), 581
arguments
      Bash and Korn shells, 350
      tcsh shell, 419
arithmetic expressions
      Bash and ksh, 366
      tcsh shell, 435
arithmetic operators
      awk, 618, 623
      Bash and ksh, 366
      tcsh, 435
array constants, 772
array operator (@), 772
arrays
      in awk, 618
      Bash and Korn shells, 364
      tcsh shell, 427
arrow keys, navigating ksh command history, 438
as command, 18
ASCII character set, 829
asort function (gawk), 624
asorti function (gawk), 624
aspell command, 189, 260
assembly language processing
      as command, 18
      cc command, 32
assignment operators
      awk, 618
      Bash and ksh, 367
      tcsh, 435
associative arrays, 365
      awk, 618
at (@) command (ex), 593
at command, 18-20
atan2 function (awk), 624
atomic commits, 699
atq command, 20
atrm command, 20
AT&T Research, ksh93, 347
attach command (GDB), 791
authentication agent
      adding RSA or DSA identities, 193
      allowing/disabling forwarding of connection, 191
      ssh-agent command, 193
authentication keys, generating for ssh, 194
author command (svnlook), 738
autoconf command, 21
      aclocal command and, 16
      autoheader, 22
Autoconf software suite, 6
autoheader command, 22
autoload command (ksh), 376
automake command, 23
awatch command (GDB), 791
awk command, 24
awk programming language, 611-634
      actions, 615
      command-line syntax, 613
      features, 612
      functions and commands, alphabetical summary, 623-632
      functions and commands, group listing, 623
      gawk command, 277
      implementation limits, 622
      nawk command, 154, 251
      new and old versions, 611
      operators, 617
      pattern-action examples, 616
      patterns, 615
      patterns and actions, 614
      printf formats, 633
      redirections, 633
      source code for four versions and GNU gettext, 634
      user-defined functions, 619
      variable and array assignment, 618
            escape sequences, 619
      variables, built-in, 616

B[ Top ]
b command (sed), 602
background processes, waiting for completion of, 229
backtrace command (GDB), 791
banner command, 24
basename command, 24
Bash (Bourne-Again shell), 343
      arithmetic expressions, 366
      bash command, 25
      command execution, 372
      command history, 368-372
            line-edit mode, 368
            programmable completion, 369-372
      command syntax, 354
      commands, built-in, 374-416
      features differing from ksh and tcsh, 345
      features in common with ksh and C shells, 344
      filename metacharacters, 351
      functions, 357
      history of, 347
      invoking, 349-350
            arguments, 350
            as sh, 349
            common options, 349
            options unique to Bash, 350
      job control, 372
      overview of features, 348
      prompts, xvi
      quoting, 352
            characters used for, 353
      redirection syntax, 354-356
Bash (Bourne-Again shell) (continued )
      setting restrictions on, 373
      syntax, 350-356
            special files, 351
      variables, 358-366
            arrays, 364
            built-in, 359-362
            other shell variables, 362-364
            special prompt settings, 365
            variable substitution, 358
      version 3, 348
batch command, 25
batch execution
      printing queued jobs, 20
      removing queued jobs, 20
      at specified date/time, 46
bc command, 26
bdelete command (ex), 581
Berkeley C shell (see csh)
Berkeley Software Distribution (see BSD)
bg command
      Bash and Korn shells, 377
      tcsh shell, 446, 448
biff command, 27
bind command (Bash), 376
bindkey command (tcsh), 448
bindtextdomain function (gawk), 624
/bin/ksh, 347
/bin/sh (Bourne shell), 343
/bin/sh, link to Bash, 349
bison command, 27
bitwise operators (tcsh), 435
blame command (svn), 711
blank character class, 352
blank lines in makefiles, 749
block size (characters), 55
bootstrapping problem with Subversion, 703
Bourne family of shells, 10
Bourne shell, 343
      history of, 347
      prompts, xvi
branch, 638, 698
branching and tagging improvements, Subversion, 699
branching commands (sed), 600
break command
      awk, 624
      Bash and Korn shells, 377
      GDB, 791
      tcsh, 449
breakpoints, 767
breaksw command (tcsh), 449
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution), 3
      printing commands, 9
      "r" commands, 173
BSD Compatibility Package (Solaris), 3
bt (backtrace) command (GDB), 773
buffer command (ex), 581
buffer-manipulation commands (Emacs), 549
buffers command (ex), 581
buffers (Emacs), 544
build process for software, 6
builtin command
      Bash, 377
      ksh, 378
built-in shell variables
      Bash and ksh, 359-362
      tcsh, 426-432
            sample .tcshrc file, 433
built-ins command (tcsh), 449
bundling commands, 233
bunzip2 command (see bzip2 command)
byacc Linux command, 237
bye command (tcsh), 449
bzcat command (see bzip2 command)
bzip2 command, 28
bzip2recover command (see bzip2 command)

C[ Top ]
c command (sed), 602
C and C++ languages
      call-graph profile data, 100
      compilers, 5
      compiling source files, 32
      compiling with gcc, 95-98
      extracting messages from, 234
      lexical analysis program for C statements, 119
c (continue) command (GDB), 773
c, d, and y editing operators (vi), 565, 570
C shells, 10
      features in common with Korn and Bash shells, 344
      prompts, xvi
      tcsh, 214
      (see also csh; tcsh)
cal command, 30
calculator commands
      bc command, 26
      dc command, 54
Caldera package manager, 470
calendar command, 30
calendars, 30
call command (GDB), 792
caller command (Bash), 378
call-graph profile data, C programs, 100
cancel command, 31
canceling commands (Emacs), 547
capitalization commands (Emacs), 548
case command
      Bash and Korn shells, 378
      tcsh, 449
case-sensitivity
      flags, 55
      Mac OS X filesystem and, 4
      setting for GDB, 779
cat command, 31
      svn, 711
      svnlook, 738
catch command (GDB), 792
catchpoints, 767
cc command, 32
cd command, 34
      Bash and Korn shells, 379
      ex, 581
      GDB, 793
      tcsh, 449
cdda2wav Linux command, 260-263
CDE (Common Desktop Environment), 241
cdparanoia Linux command, 263-266
cdrdao Linux command, 266-269
cdrecord Linux command, 269-276
CD-ROM, ejecting, 74
cdrw Solaris command, 242
center command (ex), 581
centering commands (Emacs), 550
certificate management utility (keytool), 334
change command (ex), 581
changed command (svnlook), 738
changing directory, 34
channels, 489
character classes
      listed, 537
      matching in Bash and Korn shells, 352
character sets
      ASCII, 829
      converting, 109
      ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1), 829-835
characters
      buffer block size, 55
      converting DOS to ISO, 66
      converting ISO to DOS, 224
      counting in files, 229
chdir command (tcsh), 449
checking in files, 638
      CVS, 660, 679
      RCS, 644, 649
      Subversion, 698
checking out files, 638
      CVS, 660, 677
      RCS, 644, 651
      from Subversion, 698
checkout command
      CVS, 677
      RCS, 651
      svn, 712
checksums
      MD5, computing or checking, 282
      SHA1, computing or checking, 292
check-update command (yum), 486
chflags Mac OS command, 304
chfn Mac OS command, 305
chgrp command, 34
chkey Solaris command, 243
chmod command, 35
chown command, 37
chpass Mac OS command, 305
chsh Mac OS command, 306
ci command (RCS), 644, 649
cksum command, 38
[[:class:]] (character classes), 352
class files (Java), disassembling, 332
classifying files by data type, 83
clean command (yum), 486
cleanup command (svn), 713
clear command, 38
      GDB, 793
clearing the screen, 173
client environment variables (CVS), 665
client/server networking, source code management, 639
close command (ex), 582
close function (awk), 624
cmp command, 39
cntrl character class, 352
co command (RCS), 644, 651
Codeville (version control system), 641
collating sequences, specified by [[.c.]], 352
columns
      merging file lines into, 162
      selecting from files, 50
combining files, 31
comm command, 39
command command, 380
command history
      GDB, 782
      ksh and Bash shells, 368-372
            line-edit mode, 368
      tcsh shell, 438-441
command interpreters (see shells)
command line
      invoking nroff/troff, 814
      manipulation in Bash and ksh, 368-372
      manipulation in tcsh, 442-445
command line macros (make), overriding, 756
command-line options, xvi
command lines (makefile), 751
      writing, 762
command mode (telnet), 214
command mode (vi), 565
command substitution
      Bash and ksh, 353, 354, 366
      tcsh, 438
            examples, 439
command-line editor
      Bash and ksh, 368
      tcsh, 442
command-line interface (CLI), GDB, 766
commands
      aliases for, 375, 415, 447
      awk
            alphabetical summary, 623-632
            group listing, 623
      Bash and Korn shells, 374-416
            forms of, 354
            job control, 372
      basic, listing of, 8-11
      bundled arguments, 233
      covered in the quick reference, 7
      CVS, 674-696
      Debian Package Manager, 496-520
      descriptions of, displaying, 230
      Emacs editor
            Control and Meta keys, 544
            essential, listing of, 545
            listed by category, 546-551
            listed by key, 552-555
            listed by name, 555-559
      ex editor, 580-594
      executing
            after logout, 158, 396, 458
            Bash and Korn shells, 372
            wait between, 186
      GDB
            alphabetical summary, 790-812
            set and show commands, 777-788
            summarized by category, 773-777
      GNU/Linux, alphabetical summary, 260-304
      Java, summary of, 321-340
      lower priority, executing, 154
      Mac OS X, summary of, 304-321
      RCS, 649-658
            overview, 643
      running repeatedly (watch), 300
      sed editor
            alphabetical listing, 601-610
            by category, 600
            syntax, 598-599
      Solaris
            alphabetical summary, 241-259
            compliant with POSIX standard, 11
            package management, 522-531
      Solaris 10 installs, 5
      Subversion
            svn subcommands, 710-733
            svnadmin, 734-737
            svnlook, 738-742
      tcsh shell, 446-465
            forms of, 421
            job control, 446
      type, showing, 412, 415
      Unix, summary of common, 15-340
      vi editor, 567-574
            status line, 566
            syntax, 565
      yum, 486-489
commands command (GDB), 793
comments
      awk, 624
      Bash and Korn shells, 374
      makefiles, 749
      nroff/troff, 817
      sed editor, 601
      tcsh shell, 446
commit command
      CVS, 679
      svn, 713
commits, atomic, 699
committing changes, 698
Common Desktop Environment (CDE), 241
common synonyms (CVS subcommands), 674
Common Unix Printing System (see CUPS)
communication commands, 8
Compact Disc audio files, reading as WAV, AIFF, AIFF-C, or raw format files, 263-266
Compact Disc Digital Audio (CDDA), converting to WAV, 260-263
comparison commands, 8
      cmp, 39
      comm, 39
      diff, 58-63, 679
            svn, 716
            svnlook, 739
      diff3, 63
      dircmp, 244
      RCS, 644
      rcsdiff, 656
      rdiff, 688
      sdiff, 182
      vimdiff, 228
comparison operators
      awk, 618
      Bash and ksh, 367
      tcsh, 436
compgen command (Bash), 380
compilers, 5
      bc, 26
      gcc, 95-98
      javac, 326
      rmic (Java), 337
compiling C source files, 32
compl function (gawk), 625
complete command
      Bash, 380
      GDB, 793
      tcsh, 449
completion facilities
      Bash, 369-372, 380-382
      tcsh shell, 442
compression
      commands for Zip files, 105-107
      gunzip command, 105
      gzip command, 105
      uncompressing files with zcat, 238
      unzip command, 225
      zip command, 238
Concurrent Versions System (see CVS)
condition command (GDB), 794
conditional statements (makefile), 750, 753
configuration
      autoconf command, 21
      RCS commands for, 644
configuration files
      rpm command, 472
      vi, 562
configuration variables, system, 99
configure shell script, 6
conflicts, source code changes, 639, 698
      resolution methods in CVS, 660
cont (continue) command (GDB), 773
continue command
      awk, 625
      Bash and Korn shells, 382
      GDB, 794
      tcsh, 450
control assignments (terminal), 200
control modes (terminal), 197
Control-key commands (Emacs), 544, 552-554
convenience variables, 771, 780
conversation between users, 205
converting
      character sets, 109
      characters
            DOS to ISO, 66
            ISO to DOS, 224
            spaces to tabs, 222
            tabs to spaces, 78
      files into tables, 237
      number units, 223
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), 647
coprocesses
      gawk, 620
      Korn shell, 356
copy command
      ex, 582
      svn, 714
copy, modify, merge model
      CVS, 659
      Subversion, 698
      version control systems, 639
copying
      file archives, 42
      files, 40
            remotely, 94
      hotcopy command, svnadmin, 735
      standard input, 214
core file, 766
core images, creating, 98
core-file command (GDB), 794
cos function (awk), 625
cp command, 40
cpio command, 42
CRCs (cyclic redundancy checks), 38
create command (svnadmin), 734
crontab command, 46
csh (C shell), 46, 343, 347
      (see also tcsh)
.cshdirs file (tcsh), 419
csh.login file (tcsh), 419
csh.logout file (tcsh), 419
.cshrc file (tcsh), 419
csplit command, 46
CSSC (source code management system), 641
ctags command, 48
CTRL-x, xvi
CTRL-Z command
      Bash and ksh, 372
      tcsh, 446
CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)
      cancel command, 31
      lp command, 126
      lpq command, 126
      lpr command, 127
      lprm command, 128
      lpstat command, 129
curl command, 6, 49-50
current date/time, 51
current system name, 221
cursor-movement commands (Emacs), 546
cut and paste
      Emacs, 544
      sed editor, 600
      vi editor, 571
cut command, 50
CVS (Concurrent Versions System), 640, 659-696
      command-line syntax and options, 661-664
            common subcommand options, 663
      commands, alphabetical summary, 674-696
      commands, quick start guide, 660
      copy, modify, merge model, 639, 659
      CVSROOT variables, 672-673
            environment variables, 673
            internal variables, 673
            shell variables in files, 673
      dates, 669-671
            legal date keywords, 670
      dot files, 664
      environment variables, 665-667
            client, 665
            server, 666
      keywords and keyword modes, 667-669
      stickiness, 660
      time zones, 671
      wrappers, 660
.cvsignore file (CVS), 664
.cvspass file (CVS), 665
.cvsrc file (CVS), 665
.cvswrappers file (CVS), 665
cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs), 38

D[ Top ]
D command (sed), 603
d (delete) command
      ex, 582
      GDB, 773
      sed, 602
d editing operator (vi), 565, 570
DAO (disk-at-once) mode, 266
data classification of files, 83
dates and times
      access time and modification timestamp, 217
      at command, 18-20
      calendars, 30
      crontab command, 46
      CVS dates, 669-671
      CVS time zones, 671
      date command, 51
      date command (svnlook), 739
      leave command, 310
      sleep command, 186
      specifying on RCS check-ins, 647
      time command, 216, 410, 463
      timex command, system usage information, 254
      uptime command, 227
dc command, 54
dcgettext function (gawk), 625
dcngettext function (gawk), 625
dd command, 55-56
ddd (Data Display Debugger), 768
Debian Package Manager, 467, 492-520
      command summary, 496-520
      files, 493
      package flags, 494
      package names, 468
      package priorities, 493
      package/selection states, 494
      shell and Perl scripts, 495
      tools, listed, 492
debugger, defined, 765
debugging tools
      GNU Debugger (see GDB)
      gprof, 100
      jdb (Java debugger), 333
      ltrace Linux command, 279
      patch command, 163
      strace Linux command, 298-300
declare command (Bash), 382
decrypt Solaris command, 244
default command (tcsh), 451
defaults Mac OS command, 306-308
define command (GDB), 794
#define statements (C), generating template file of, 22
defining functions, Bash and Korn shells, 357
delete command
      awk, 625
      ex, 582
      GDB, 795
      svn, 715
deleting directories, 174
deletion commands (Emacs), 547
deltify command (svnadmin), 734
demangling names, 766, 780
dependencies, 468
      GNU make, 746, 751-753
      listing dynamic (ldd command), 115
dependency lines (makefile), 749
desk calculator program (dc), 54
Desktop Korn shell, 343
detach command (GDB), 795
Developer Tools, Mac OS X, 308
development branch, 698
development tools, Mac OS X, 5
df command, 56
dgettext function, 151
diff command, 58-63
      CVS, 679
      svn, 716
      svnlook, 739
diff3 command, 63
dig command, 64
digest Solaris command, 244
digit character class, 352
digital signature, adding to a .jar file, 323
dir command
      GDB, 773
      Linux, 276
dircmp Solaris command, 244
dircolors Linux command, 276
directories
      changing, 34
      comparing contents with dircmp, 244
      copying with ditto, 308
      creating, 139
      deleting, 174
      listing contents of (dir), 276
      moving or renaming, 152
      navigating, 379, 449
      printing full pathname of current, 173
      printing names of, 66
      Solaris commands, 14
      synchronizing between different computer systems, 175-178, 246-248
directory command (GDB), 795
directory versioning, 698
dirname command, 66
dirs command
      Bash, 383
      tcsh, 451
dirs-changed command (svnlook), 739
dis (disable) command (GDB), 773
dis Solaris command, 244
disable command (GDB), 795
disassemble command (GDB), 796
disassembling Java class files, 332
disassembling object files, 244
discipline functions (ksh93), 365
disk-at-once (DAO) mode, 266
disks
      copying archive files, 42
      ejecting, 74
      formatting, 81
      free space, reporting on (df), 56
      usage information (du), 66
disown command (Bash), 383
disown command (ksh93), 384
display command (GDB), 796
ditroff program, 813
ditto Mac OS command, 308
DNS (Domain Name Service), querying servers with dig, 64
do command
      awk, 625
      GDB, 773
do (shell keyword), 384
DocBook/XML file, converting to formatted file, 303
document command (GDB), 796
documentation
      accessing with info command, 111
      Java language, 327
      looking up commands in manpages with whatis, 230
done (shell keyword), 384
dont-repeat command (GDB), 796
dos2unix command, 66
dot (.) files, 664
down command (GDB), 796
down-silently command (GDB), 796
dpkg command, 469, 508-513
      actions, 508
      actions, dpkg-deb, 510
      options, 511-513
      query actions, 511
dpkg-deb command, 470, 513
dpkg-query command, 515
dpkg-split command, 516
DSA identities, adding to authentication agent, 193
dselect command, 470, 517-519
du command, 66
dump command (svnadmin), 734
dumps, octal, 158
dvdrecord Linux command, 277
dynamic dependencies, listing (ldd), 115

E[ Top ]
e command (sed), 603
e (edit) command (GDB), 773
echo command, 69
      Bash, 384
      GDB, 797
      Korn shell, 385
      tcsh, 451
echotc command (tcsh), 451
ed text editor, 70
edit command
      CVS, 680
      ex, 582
      GDB, 797
editing, keyboard shortcuts for, 368
editors
      stream (sed), 183
      tcsh command-line editor, 442
      text
            Emacs, 543-559
            ex, 579-594
            vi, 228, 561-578
            (see also Emacs editor; vi editor)
editors command (CVS), 681
egrep command, 70-73
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 538
      quoting regular expressions, 539
eject command, 74
ellipsis tcsh shell variable, 428
else command (GDB), 797
else (shell keyword), 394, 452
elvis text editor, 561
emacs command, 75
Emacs editor, 543-559
      Bash and ksh command-line editing mode, 368
      bindings, compared to vi bindings, 442
      buffer and window, 544
      command-line syntax, 545
      commands
            essential, listing of, 545
            summary by category, 546-551
            summary by key, 552-555
            summary by name, 555-559
      keys and keystrokes for commands, 544
      kill and yank, 544
      modes, 543
      point and mark, 544
      tcsh command-line editing mode, 443
email messages
      automatic replies to, 257
      mail notification, 27
      reading and sending, 135
enable command
      Bash, 386
      GDB, 797
encoded files, recreating original file, 227
encrypt Solaris command, 245
end command (GDB), 797
end (tcsh reserved word), 452
endif (tcsh reserved word), 452
end-of-file character (EOF), xvi
endsw (tcsh reserved word), 452
enhance Solaris command, 246
ENTER command (ex), 594
$ENV file (read by Korn and Bash shells at startup), 351
env command, 75
environment, displaying, 75
environment variables
      CVS, 665-667
            client, 665
            server, 666
      CVSROOT directory, 673
      modifying values, 75
      printing values of, 172
      RCS, 648
      tcsh shell, 433
EOF (end-of-file character), xvi
equal sign
      =- last entry in directory stack (tcsh), 420
esac (shell keyword), 386
Escape key (Emacs commands), 544
escape sequences
      awk strings and regular expression constants, 619
      Bash processing of PS1, PS2, and PS4 values, 365
      echo command, 69
      GNU utilities, 537
      text quoted with $' ', 353
      troff, 818
      valid anywhere, 599
      valid only in regular expressions, 599
etags command, 75
/etc/bash_completion file, 371
/etc/passwd file, 343
      Bash and ksh, 351
      tcsh, 419
/etc/profile file, 351
eval command
      Bash and Korn shells, 386
      tcsh, 452
evaluating arguments and expressions, 79-81
evim command, 78
ex editor, 78, 562, 579-594
      addresses for commands, 579
      command options, 580
      command syntax, 579
      commands, alphabetical summary of, 580-594
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 538
      search-and-replace examples, 540
      starting vi from, 564
exec command
      Bash and Korn shells, 387
      tcsh, 452
exec file (GDB), 766
exec-file command (GDB), 797
executable files, shared objects for, 115
executable object module, combining object files into, 114
executing commands
      after logout, 158
      of lower priority, 154
      wait between, 186
executing Java bytecode, 325
exit command
      awk, 625
      Bash and Korn shells, 387
      tcsh, 453
exit status, 216
      commands, 219
exp function (awk), 626
expand command, 78
export command, 387
      CVS, 681
      svn, 717
exporting make utility macros, 755
expr command, 79-81
expressions
      Bash and ksh, 366, 375, 395
      evaluating, 79-81
      GDB, 771
expressions (continued )
      tcsh shell, 435-437
            @ command examples, 437
            if and while statements (examples), 437
            operators, 435-437
.exrc file (vi), 562
      example, 578
extension function (gawk), 626
extracting columns/fields from files, 50
Exuberant ctags, 48

F[ Top ]
f (frame) command (GDB), 773
factor command, 81
false command, 81, 388
Fast Lexical Analyzer Generator (flex) command, 92
fc command, 369, 388
fdformat command, 81
fflush function (gawk), 626
fg command
      Bash and Korn shells, 389
      GDB, 798
      tcsh shell, 446, 453
fgrep command, 82
fi (shell keyword), 389
figlet program, 24
file command, 83
      ex, 582
      GDB, 798
file creation mode mask, 220
file descriptors, 355
file flags, changing, 304
file inclusion facility, gawk, 621
file inquiry operators (tcsh), 436
file management commands, 8
      chgrp, 34
      chmod, 35
      chown, 37
      csplit, 46
      Emacs, 546
      GDB, 774
      split, 190
      vi, 571
file properties (Subversion), 700-702
file resolution (GDB), 772
filename command, 416
filename metacharacter, Bash and ksh, 353
.#filename.revision file, 664
filenames
      metacharacters, 535
            Bash and Korn shells, 351
            pattern matching vs., 535
            tcsh, 419
      reducing pathnames to, 24
      stripping from pathnames, 66
      temporary, generating for use in script, 149
.#file.revision, 694
files
      access and modification times, updating, 217
      access modes, changing (chmod), 35
      archives (see archives)
      calculating checksum, 38
      checking in (see checking in files)
      checking out (see checking out files)
      classifying by data type, 83
      comparing, 39
            comm command, 39
            diff command, 58-63
            diff3 command, 63
            sdiff command, 182
            vimdiff command, 228
      compiling, 32
      compression (see compression)
      converting
            character sets, 109
            DOS to ISO, 66
            ISO to DOS, 224
      converting into tables with yacc, 237
      copying, 40
            ditto command, 308
            remotely, 94
            securely between network hosts, 179
            to or from tape, 205-213
      counting words/characters/lines of, 229
      crontab files, 46
      deleting with rm, 174
      disassembling, 244
      display format options (hexdump), 108
      displaying by page, 149
      dot files, 664
      editing (see text editors)
      encoded, recreating original file, 227
      extracting columns/fields with cut, 50
      formatting lines in, 93
      formatting with pr command, 170-172
      joining similar lines of, 112
      linking, 119
      listing
            for current directory, 129
            those to be executed, 230
      listing shared objects for, 115
      merging lines into columns, 162
      moving or renaming, 152
      name list (symbol table), printing, 156-158
      numbering lines in, 154
      object files, displaying profile data for, 100
      overwriting to make unrecoverable, 293
      ownership of, 34
            changing (chown), 37
      paging, 149
      printing
            appending to, 31
            initial lines of, 107
            last lines of, 203
            lp command, 125-126
      pseudonyms (links) for, 120
      removing duplicate lines, 222
      removing information from, 196
      removing with srm, 320
      renaming, 292
      retrieving from Internet
            curl command, 6, 49-50
            wget command, 6, 301-303
      searching for with find, 84-91
      searching (see search commands; pattern matching; regular expressions)
      size of, 185
      sorting, 186-188
      splitting into multiple files, 46
            based on size, 190
      synchronizing across network connection, 175-178, 246-248
      uncompressing with zcat, 238
filesync Solaris command, 246-248
filesystem-related parameters, 99
filesystems
      ISO 9660/Joliet/HFS filesystem, 140-149
      mount command, 250
      mounting, 150
            GNU/Linux, 283-285, 311
            Mac OS X, 311
            Solaris, 250
      Unix, serving to Windows systems, 178
      unmounting, 222, 257
            GNU/Linux umount, 300
            Mac OS X, 320
            Solaris, 257
filetest command (tcsh), 453
find command, 84-91
finger command, 91
finish command (GDB), 798
Fink package manager, 520
      Aqua-based GUI, 521
flags
      changing file flags, 304
      Debian packages, 494
      format specifiers for printf and sprintf, 633
flex (Fast Lexical Analyzer Generator) command, 92
floppy disks
      ejecting, 74
      formatting, 81
fmt command, 93
fo (forward-search) command (GDB), 773
focus command (GDB), 798
fold command (ex), 583
foldclose command (ex), 583
foldopen command (ex), 583
for command (awk), 626
for loop, 390
for shell keyword, 389
foreach command (tcsh), 453
format specifiers for printf and sprintf, 633
formatting disks and memory cards, 81
formatting files with pr command, 170-172
formatting text (fmt command), 93
Fortran programming language, compiling (gcc), 95
forward-search command (GDB), 798
frame command (GDB), 798
free disk space, reporting, 56
freshen options (rpm), 473
ftp command, 94
FTP (File Transfer Protocol), secure transfer using ssh (sftp), 184
function command (awk), 626
function (shell keyword), 390
functions, 357
      awk
            alphabetical summary, 623-632
            group listing, 623
      built-in mathematical functions (ksh93), 367
      discipline functions (ksh93), 365
      GNU make, for text manipulation, 758-761
      listing names (ctags), 48
      user-defined, in awk, 619
functions command (ksh), 390

G[ Top ]
G command (sed), 603
g command (sed), 603
g++ command, 95
gawk Linux command, 277
gawk programming language, 612
      features, 612
      features specific to, 620-622
            coprocesses and sockets, 620
            file inclusion, 621
            internationalization, 622
            profiling, 621
      format specifiers for printf and sprintf, 633
      important options, 614
      octal and hexadecimal constants, 619
      source code URLs, 634
      variables, built-in, 617
GCC (GNU Compiler Collection), 5, 95-98
      general options, 96
      linker options, 98
      preprocessor options, 97
gcore command, 98
gcore (generate-core-file) command (GDB), 773
gdb command, 99
GDB (GNU Debugger), 765-812
      C preprocessor macros, 766
      command-line syntax, 768
      commands, alphabetical summary, 790-812
      commands, listed by category, 773-777
            aliases for other commands, 773
            examining data, 774
            examining the stack, 776
            file manipulation, 774
            frequently used commands, 777
            running a program, 775
            status inquiries, 776
            support facilities, 776
            Text User Interface commands, 777
      expressions, 771
            special expressions, 772
      files specified when doing debugging, 766
      info command, 788-790
      initialization files, 770
      program stoppers, 767
      set and show commands, 777-788
      source code URLs, 768
      Text User Interface (TUI), 773
      user interfaces, 766
.gdbinit file (GDB), 770
generate-core-file command (GDB), 799
generate-rss command (yum), 486
gensub function (gawk), 627
getconf command, 99
      ksh93, 390
getline command (awk), 627
getopts command, 99, 391
getpwnam( ) function, 351
getpwuid( ) function, 351
gettext and dgettext functions, 151
gettext command, 99
      source code URL, 634
gettextize Linux command, 277
ghostscript command, 100
GhostScript, gs command, 103
glob command (tcsh), 454
global command (ex), 583
GNU Mac OS X Public Archive (OSXGNU), 521
GNU utilities
      Arch, 641
      awk (see gawk programming language)
      Compiler Collection (see GCC)
      Debugger (see GDB)
      Emacs (see Emacs editor)
      escape sequences, 537
      gettext, 634
      make (see make utility)
      makefiles (see makefiles)
      sed
            addresses for commands, 598
            options, 597
            regular expression extensions, 599
            (see also sed editor)
      troff (groff), 814
GNU/Linux, xiii
      command summary, 260-304
      compilers, 5
      Fedora, 4
      Fedora distribution, 4
      finding commands, 15
      package management, 492-521
goto command (tcsh), 454
gpatch Solaris command, 248
gprof command, 100
graph character class, 352
Graphical User Interfaces (see GUIs)
grep command, 103
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 538
      quoting regular expressions, 539
groff command, 103
groff (GNU troff), 814
groupinfo command (yum), 487
groupinstall command (yum), 487
grouplist command (yum), 487
groupremove command (yum), 487
groups
      file ownership for, 34
      id command, 110
groups command, 103
groupupdate command (yum), 487
gs command, 103
gsub function (awk), 627
GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces)
      python program with, 318
      shells vs., 341
gunzip command, 105
gvimdiff command, 228
gzcat command, 105
gzip command, 105

H[ Top ]
H command (sed), 604
h command (sed), 604
h (help) command (GDB), 773
hackability of Subversion, 699
handle command (GDB), 799
hangups, command immunity to, 158
hash command
      Bash, 391
      ksh, 392
hashstat command (tcsh), 454
hbreak command (GDB), 799
head command, 107
headers (Java code), 331
help
      Emacs commands for, 551
      manpage keyword lookup, 16
      online manual (see manpages)
help command
      Bash, 392
      GDB, 799
      svn, 718
      svnadmin, 735
      svnlook, 739
here document, 355
here string, 355
hexadecimal constants (gawk), 619
hexadecimal digits, matched by xdigit character class, 352
hexdump command, 108
HFS filesystem, generating, 140-149
hide command (ex), 583
hist command (ksh93), 369, 392
history command
      Bash, 393
      CVS, 682-684
      Korn shells, 393
      svnlook, 740
      tcsh, 454
history, command (see command history)
.history file (tcsh), 419
hostname command, 109
hotcopy command (svnadmin), 735
hup command (tcsh), 455

I[ Top ]
i command (sed), 604
i (info) command (GDB), 773
iconv command, 109
id command, 110
ident command (RCS), 652
if command
      awk, 627
      GDB, 800
      tcsh, 455
if (shell keyword), 393
if statements (tcsh), 437
igawk program, 277, 621
ignore command (GDB), 800
import command
      CVS, 684
      svn, 718
@include statements, gawk, 621
include statements (makefile), 751
indentation commands (Emacs), 550
      basic, 551
index function (awk), 628
indirect variables, 359
info command, 111
      GDB, 788-790, 800
      svn, 719
      svnlook, 740
      yum, 487
InfoZIP format, 238
init command (CVS), 685
initialization files (GDB), 770
inodes, reporting on, 56
input mode (telnet), 214
input modes (terminal), 198
.inputrc file, 770
insert command (ex), 583
insert mode (vi), 565
Insight, 768
inspect command (GDB), 800
install command (yum), 487
installation options (rpm), 473-475
installf Solaris command, 522
instruction-level debuggers, 766
int function (awk), 628
integer command (ksh), 394
interactive conversation, 205
interactive use of shells, 342
internationalization, 99
      gawk features, 622
      locale command, 121-122
I/O processing commands (sed), 600
ISO 8601 date format, 669
ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set, 829-835
ISO 9660/Joliet/HFS filesystem, generating, 140-149
ispell command, 189, 278

J[ Top ]
jar Java command, 322
jarsigner Java command, 323
Java
      command summary, 321-340
      compiling with gcc, 95
java Java command, 325
javac Java command, 326
javadoc Java command, 327
javah Java command, 331
javap Java command, 332
jdb Java command, 333
job control
      Bash and Korn shells, 372
      tcsh shell, 445
jobID argument, 372
      tcsh job control commands, 446
jobs command
      Bash and Korn shells, 394
      tcsh, 446, 455
join command, 112
      ex, 584
jump command (GDB), 800
jumps command (ex), 584

K[ Top ]
k command (ex), 584
keyboard shortcuts for editing, 368
keylogin Solaris command, 248
keylogout Solaris command, 248
keys (authentication), generating for ssh, 194
keytool Java command, 334
keyword substitutions, 638
      CVS, 667-669
      RCS, 645
            example, 646
      Subversion, 702
keywords
      CVS, 667-668
            date keywords, 670
      expr, 80
      RCS, listed, 646
      Subversion, 700, 702
kill command, 113
      Bash and Korn shells, 394
      Emacs, 544
      GDB, 800
      tcsh shell, 446, 456
Korn shell (see ksh)
kserver command (CVS), 685
ksh (Korn shell), 343
      arithmetic expressions, 366
      command execution, 372
      command history, 368-369
            line-edit mode, 368
      command syntax, 354
      commands, built-in, 374-416
      coprocesses, 356
      features differing from Bash and tcsh, 345
      features in common with Bash and tcsh, 344
      filename metacharacters, 351
      functions, 357
      history of, 347
      invoking, 349-350
            arguments, 350
            common options, 349
      job control, 372
      overview of features, 348
      prompts, xvi
      Public Domain Korn shell (pdksh), 287, 344
      quoting, 352
      redirection syntax, 354-356
      restricted version (rksh), 253
      setting restrictions on, 373
      syntax, 350-356
            special files, 351
      variables, 358-366
            arrays, 364
            built-in, 359-362
            discipline functions, 365
            other shell variables, 362-364
            special prompt settings, 365
            variable substitution, 358
ksh88, 347
ksh93, 347
      associative arrays, 365
      built-in mathematical functions, 367
      built-in shell variables, 360
      capabilities differing from ksh88, 349

L[ Top ]
l command (sed), 605
l (list) command (GDB), 773
lam Mac OS command, 310
Latin-1 character set, 829-835
layout command (GDB), 801
ld command, 114
ldd command, 115
leave Mac OS command, 310
left command (ex), 584
Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) coding, 105
length function (awk), 628
less program, 116-119
let command, 366, 395
lex command, 119
      (see also flex command)
lexical analysis programs, generating, 119
library calls, tracing (ltrace), 279
library dependencies (GNU make), 751
limit command (tcsh), 456
line breaks, nroff/troff requests and, 816
line information commands (sed), 600
line Solaris command, 249
line-edit mode (command history), 368
lines
      counting in files, 229
      formatting in files, 93
      numbering in files, 154
      reading from standard input, 249
link command, 119
links, creating for files, 120
lint command, secure (splint), 295-298
Linux
      package management, 467-520
      (see also GNU/Linux)
list command
      ex, 584
      GDB, 801
      svn, 720
      yum, 487
list dynamic dependencies (ldd command), 115
list-dblogs command (svnadmin), 735
listing files
      in archives, 16
      to be executed, 230
      for current directory, 129
list-unused-dblogs command (svnadmin), 735
listusers Solaris command, 249
ln command, 120
load command (svnadmin), 736
loader (ld command), 114
loading and executing Java bytecode, 325
local command (Bash), 395
local modes (terminal), 199
locale command, 121-122
localinstall command (yum), 488
localization of strings, 99
localupdate command (yum), 488
locate command, 122
lockfile that can be used from shell scripts, 319
locking/unlocking files, 639
log command
      CVS, 685-687
      svn, 720
      svnlook, 740
      tcsh, 457
log function (awk), 628
logged-in users
      displaying with users, 227
      listing with who, 231
logger command, 122
logging
      checking in edited source code, 638
      GDB command output, 783
      rlog command, 645
logging in
      as another user, 202
      displaying login name, 124
      slogin command, 191
logical operators, 79
      awk, 618
      Bash and ksh, 354, 366, 367
      tcsh, 435
login command, 123
      CVS, 687
      ksh, 395
      tcsh, 457
.login file (tcsh), 419
login sessions (see sessions)
logname command, 124
.logout file (tcsh), 419
logout command
      Bash, 395
      CVS, 688
      tcsh, 457
look command, 124
lower character class, 352
lowercase (see case-sensitivity)
lp command, 125-126
lpq command, 126
lpr command, 127
lprm command, 128
lpstat command, 128
ls command, 129
      color options, setting, 276
ls-F command (tcsh), 457
lshift function (gawk), 628
lstxns command (svnadmin), 736
ltrace Linux command, 279
lynx Linux command, 281

M[ Top ]
M- commands (emacs), 554
m4 command, 133
mac command, 249
Mac OS X, xiii
      command summary, 304-321
      compilers, 5
      finding commands, 15
      ksh93 from AT&T Research, 347
      package management, 520-521
Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), 4
Mac OS X Developer Tools, 308
mac2unix Linux command, 282
machine faults, tracing, 255
machine registers, accessing with GDB, 771
Macintosh OS 9 files, converting to Unix, 282
macro command (GDB), 802
macro commands (Emacs), 550
macros, 471
      definitions (makefile), 751
      Emacs, 550
      listing names (ctags), 48
      m4 processor, 133
      make utility, 754-761
            defining, 746, 754
            exporting, 755
            internal, 756
            macro values, 755
            modifiers, 757
            text manipulation, 758-761
            with special handling, 757
      man, 819-822
      nroff/troff, 815
      vi editor, 573
mail command, 134
mail notification, 27
Mail User Agent (MUA) program (mutt), 285
mailx command, 135
make command, 137
      GDB, 802
make utility, 745-763
      command-line syntax, 746-749
            options, 746-749
      macro modifiers, 757
      macros, 754-761
            defining, 754
            exporting, 755
            internal, 756
            macro values, 755
            overriding command line macros, 756
            text manipulation, 758-761
            with special handling, 757
      makefile lines, 749-753
            conditional input, 753
            special dependencies, 751-753
      special target names, 761
      versions other than GNU make, 746
      writing command lines, 762
      writing Makefile files, 762
makecache command (yum), 488
makefile files, writing, 762
makefile lines (make), 749
Makefile, tuned for target system, 6
makefiles, 746
      overriding, 137
man command, 137
man macros, 819-822
      internal names, 823
      predefined strings, 823
      sample document output, 823-825
mangled names (C++ and Objective C), 766
manpages
      displaying, 137
      displaying command descriptions in, 230
      for a program, xvi
      keyword lookup, 16
manual pages, writing, 813-825
      man macros
            internal names, 823
            summary of, 819-822
      overview of nroff/troff, 814-819
      sample document, 823-825
      strings predefined by man macros, 823
map command (ex), 584
mark command (ex), 585
mark (Emacs), 544
marks command (ex), 585
match function (awk), 628
mathematical functions (ksh93), 367
md5sum Linux command, 282
measurements for nroff/troff, 815
mem command (GDB), 802
merge command
      RCS, 653
      svn, 722
merging changes to source code, 638
mesg command, 139
message authentication code (MAC), 249
message digests (PKCS#11), computing for files, 244
metacharacters, 535, 536-538
      Bash and Korn shell filenames, 351
      filenames vs. patterns, 535
      listed by Unix program, 538
      replacement pattern, 537
      searching and replacing in sed and ex, 540
      tcsh filenames, 419
metadata, versioned, 699
Meta-key commands (Emacs), 544, 554
mkdir command, 139
      svn, 723
mkexrc command (ex), 585
mkisofs command, 140-149
mktemp command, 149
mktime function (gawk), 628
mod_dav_svn plug-in (Subversion), 743
modes
      Emacs editor, 543
      telnet, 214
      vi editor, 562, 565
modification timestamp for files, updating, 217
monotone version control system, 642
more command, 149
mount command, 150
      Linux, 283-285
      Mac OS, 311
      Solaris, 250
move command
      ex, 585
      svn, 723
moving directories and files, 152
msgfmt command, 151
MUA (Mail User Agent) program (mutt), 285
multiline input processing (sed), 601
multiple redirection, 355
mutt Linux command, 285
mv command, 152

N[ Top ]
N command (sed), 605
n command (sed), 605
n (next) command (GDB), 773
name( ) function, 375
name demangling, 766, 780
name list (symbol table), printing for object files, 156-158
nameref command (ksh93), 395
names
      current Unix system name, printing, 221
      directories, printing, 66
      files (see filenames)
      functions and macros, listing (ctags), 48
      paths (see pathnames)
nano Mac OS command, 312
native methods, implementing in Java, 331
nawk command, 154, 251
nawk programming language, 611
network layers, choice with Subversion, 699
networks, securing remote connections cryptographically (ssh), 190-195
new command (ex), 585
newgrp command (tcsh), 457
newlines
      word separators in Bash and ksh, 353
      word separators in tcsh, 420
next command
      awk, 628
      ex, 585
      GDB, 803
nextfile command (awk), 629
nexti command (GDB), 803
ni (nexti) command (GDB), 773
nice command, 154
      tcsh, 458
nl command, 154
nm command, 156-158
nohlsearch command (ex), 586
nohup command, 158
      Korn shells, 396
      tcsh, 458
nonprinting characters (Latin-1 character set), 829
nosharedlibrary command (GDB), 803
NOT operator (!), 354
notify command (tcsh), 446, 458
nroff/troff
      command-line invocation, 814
      comments, 817
      eliminating .so requests, 186
      embedded formatting controls, 816
      escape sequences, 818
      input files, preprocessing, 186
      man macros, 819-822
      measurements, specifying, 815
      requests and macros, 815
      requests that cause a line break, 816
      special characters, 818
null command, 219, 447
number command (ex), 586
number registers (man macros), 823
numbering lines in files, 154
numbers
      converting from one base to another, 26
      converting units of, 223
      prime factors, 81
      printing in sequence, 292
nvi text editor, 561

O[ Top ]
oawk programming language (see awk programming language)
object files
      combining into single executable object module, 114
      generating, 18
      portable, translation into loadable message files, 151
      removing information from, 196
Objective C programming language, compiling (gcc), 95
octal and hexadecimal constants (gawk), 619
octal dump (od) command, 158
od (octal dump) command, 158
onintr command (tcsh), 458
online manual (see manpages)
only command (ex), 586
ooffice Linux command, 286
open command (ex), 586
Open Office office productivity suite, 286
OpenSSH, 190-195
      scp command, 179
      sftp command, 184
      ssh command, 190
OpenWindows Graphical Tools, 252
open-x11 Mac OS command, 314
Operating System/Application Binary Interface (OSABI), 783
operators
      awk, 617
      Bash and ksh, 366
      tcsh shell, 435-437
optimization around the network (Subversion), 699
Option key (Emacs commands), 544
or function (gawk), 629
OR operator
      ^ (bitwise exclusive OR), 367
      | (bitwise OR), 367, 435
      || (logical OR), 354, 367, 421, 618
order-only prerequisites (GNU make dependencies), 752
OS X Package Manager, 521
OSXGNU (GNU Mac OS X Public Archive), 521
output command (GDB), 803
output modes (terminal), 199
output processing commands (sed), 600
overloaded procedure names (C++ and Objective C), 766
ownership of files, 37
      changing, 34

P[ Top ]
P command (sed), 606
p (print) command
      GDB, 773
      sed, 606
package management, 467-531
      Linux, 467-520
            Debian Package Manager, 492-520
            Red Hat Package Manager, 470-484
            Red Hat Update Agent (up2date), 489-492
            Yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified), 484-489
      Mac OS X, 520-521
      Solaris, 521-531
page command, 252
paging commands
      less, 116-119
      more, 149
paging files, 149
paragraph commands (Emacs), 547
parser (bison), 27
passwd command, 160
passwd file, 343
      Bash and ksh, 351
      tcsh, 419
      user database stored in, 351
passwords
      changing, 243
      creating or changing, 160
      prompting for, 248
paste command, 162
pasting text in Emacs, 544
patch command, 163-165
path command (GDB), 803
pathchk command, 166
pathnames
      checking for acceptability, 166
      searching for files, 84-91
      stripping filenames from, 66
pattern matching, 535-541
      awk, 24
      ex addresses, 580
      fgrep, 82
      metacharacters, 536-538
            listed by Unix program, 538
            replacement patterns, 537
            search patterns, 536
      searching and replacing (examples), in sed or ex, 540
      searching, examples of, 539
      (see also awk programming language)
pattern rules (makefile), 750
patterns, awk, 614, 615
      simple pattern-action examples, 616
pax command, 166-169
pbcopy Mac OS command, 314
pbpaste Mac OS command, 315
PCMCIA memory cards, formatting, 81
PDF (Portable Document Format) language
      converting PostScript input file to, 318
      ghostscript command, 100
      gs command, 103
pdksh Linux command, 287
pdksh (Public Domain Korn shell), 344
perl command, 170
Perl scripts, Debian package management, 495
permissions (file), changing, 35
pgawk (profiling gawk), 621
pico Mac OS command, 315
PKCS#11 message authentication code, 249
PKCS#11 message digest, computing for files, 244
pkgadd Solaris command, 5, 523
pkgadm Solaris command, 524-526
pkgask Solaris command, 526
pkgchk Solaris command, 526
pkginfo Solaris command, 527
pkgmk Solaris command, 528
pkgparam Solaris command, 529
pkgproto Solaris command, 530
pkgrm Solaris command, 530
.plan file, 91
.po files, 151
po (print-object) command (GDB), 773
point (Emacs), 544
popd command
      Bash, 396
      tcsh, 459
Portable Archive Exchange program (pax), 166-169
portable object files (.po files), translation into loadable message files, 151
positional specifier (gawk), 633
POSIX standard
      character classes, listed, 537
      make utility, 746
      Solaris systems, command versions, 11
PostScript language
      converting input file to PDF, 318
      ghostscript command, 100
      gs command, 103
pr command, 170-172
precision (format specifiers for printf and sprintf), 634
precompiled packages from Sun Microsystems, 5
predefined shell variables
      Bash and ksh, 359-362
      tcsh, 426-432
            sample .tcshrc file, 433
prerequisites (make utility), 746
preserve command (ex), 586
previous command (ex), 586
prime factors, 81
print character class, 352
print command
      awk, 629
            output redirection, 632
      ex, 586
      GDB, 803
            value history, 771
      ksh, 396
print working directory (see pwd command)
printenv command, 172
      tcsh, 459
printf command, 172
      awk, 629
            output redirection, 632
      Bash and Korn shells, 397
      GDB, 804
printing
      all lines that begin with a string, 124
      archive files, 16
      banners, 24
      BSD commands, 9
      cancelling print requests, 31, 128
      current system name, 221
      environment variable values, 172
      file contents (see files, printing)
      file creation mode mask, 220
      files, 31
            lines specified, 203
      sending files to printer with lp, 125-126
      sending files to printer with lpr, 127
      to standard output, 69
      strings, using specified formats, 172
      system configuration variables, 99
      system usage information, 227
      System V commands, 9
      terminal device name, 220
printing commands
      cancel, 31
      lp, 125-126
      lpq, checking spool queue, 126
      lpr, 127
      lprm, removing jobs from the queue, 128
      lpstat, printing queue status, 128
print-object command (GDB), 804
procedures, awk, 615
process status (see ps command)
processes
      active, reports on, 252
            ps command, 287-291, 315
      core images of, 98
      sending signal or resetting priority, 293
      terminating IDs, 113
.profile file, 351
      shell variables, Bash and ksh, 362
profile data, displaying, 100
profiling in gawk, 621
programmable completion (Bash), 360, 369-372
programming commands, 10
programming languages
      compiling with gcc, 95-98
      GDB support for, 766
      source files, listing function and macro names, 48
      (see also listings under individual language names)
programming lint (splint command), 295-298
programs
      GDB commands for running, 775
      getting description of, 220
.project file, 91
prompts, xvi
      GDB, 785
      special prompt strings, Bash and Korn shells, 365
      tcsh, 432
propdel command (svn), 724
propedit command (svn), 725
properties, Subversion files, 700-702
propget command
      svn, 725
      svnlook, 740
proplist command
      svn, 726
      svnlook, 741
propset command (svn), 726
provides command (yum), 488
ps (process status) command, 172
      Linux, 287-291
      Mac OS, 315
      Solaris, 252
PS1-PS4 variables, 365
pserver command (CVS), 688
pstopdf Mac OS command, 318
ptype command (GDB), 804
Public Domain Korn Shell (pdksh), 287
punct character class, 352
pushd command
      Bash, 398
      tcsh, 459
put command (ex), 586
putting and yanking commands
      Emacs, 544
      sed, 600
      vi, 586, 592
pwd (print working directory) command, 173
      Bash and ksh, 397
      GDB, 805
python command, 173
pythonw Mac OS command, 318

Q[ Top ]
Q command (sed), 606
q command (sed), 606
qall command (ex), 587
query options (rpm), 475
queued jobs
      listing jobs created by at command, 20
      removing, 20
quit command
      ex, 587
      GDB, 805
quoting
      bash and ksh shells, 352
      tcsh shell, 420

R[ Top ]
R command (sed), 607
"r" (remote) commands, 173
r command
      ksh, 398
      sed, 607
r (run) command (GDB), 773
rand function (awk), 629
ranges, matching, 419
rannotate command (CVS), 688
rbreak command (GDB), 805
rcp command, 173
rcs command, 173
      svn, 653
RCS (Revision Control System), 640, 643-658
      basic operation, 644
      check out with locking model, 639
      commands, overview, 643
      commands, summarized alphabetically, 649-658
      date and time of check-in, 647
      keyword substitution, 645
            example, 646
      keywords, listed, 646
      options and environment variables, 648
      revision numbers, 647
      revision states, 648
rcsclean command (RCS), 655
rcsdiff command (RCS), 645, 656
rcsfreeze command (RCS), 656
RCSINIT environment variable, 648
rcsmerge command (RCS), 657
rdiff command (CVS), 688
read command
      Bash and Korn shells, 398
      ex, 587
reading email messages, 135
readline library, 770
readonly command, 399
recover command
      ex editor, 587
      svnadmin, 736
recursion, Bash and Korn shell functions, 357
Red Hat Network Notification Tool (rhn-applet), 489
Red Hat Package Manager (see RPM)
Red Hat Update Agent (see up2date)
redirect command (ksh93), 399
redirections
      awk, print and printf output, 632
      Bash and ksh forms for, 354-356
      tcsh, 420, 422
redo command (ex), 587
referencing arrays, 364
refresh command (GDB), 805
region commands (Emacs), 547
regular expressions, 535-541
      egrep command, 70-73
      GNU sed, extended, 599
      grep command, 103
      lexical analysis program, 119
      metacharacters, 535, 536-538
      not supported by fgrep, 82
      search pattern metacharacters, 536
      searching, examples of, 539
      sed command addresses, 598
rehash command (tcsh), 459
relational operators, 79
      awk, 618
      Bash and ksh, 367
      tcsh, 436
release command (CVS), 690
releases, Subversion, 702
remote file transfer, 94
Remote Method Invocation compiler for Java (rmic), 337
remote object registry (Java), 340
remote (r) commands, 173
remote systems, copying files between, 94
      scp, 179
removable media
      checking if inserted, 259
      ejecting, 74
remove command
      CVS, 690
      yum, 488
removef Solaris command, 531
removing directories (rmdir), 174
removing files
      rm command, 174
      srm command, 320
rename Linux command, 292
renaming directories and files, 152
repeat command (tcsh), 460
replacement patterns
      metacharacters, 537
      Unix program metacharacters, 539
replacing files in archives, 16
replacing text in sed or ex, examples of, 540
repository, 637
      access to (svnserve tool), 742
      administration (svnadmin tool), 733-737
            options, 733
            subcommands, 734-737
      converting from CVS to Subversion, 700
      examining (svnlook tool), 737-742
            options, 738
            subcommands, 738-742
      filtering files from dump (svndumpfilter), 743
requests (nroff/troff), 815
      causing a line break, 816
      useful requests, 817
reset command, 173
resize command (ex), 587
resolved command (svn), 727
restricted shells, 373
return command, 357
      awk, 630
      Bash and Korn shells, 400
      GDB, 805
reverse-search command (GDB), 805
revert command (svn), 728
Revision Control System (see RCS)
revision control systems
      CVS, 659-696
      RCS, 643-658
      Subversion, 697-744
rewind command (ex), 587
RFC 1123 time format, 670
RFC 822 time format, 670
rhn-applet, 489
.rhosts file, 665
right command (ex), 588
rksh Solaris command, 253
rlog command
      CVS, 691
      RCS, 645, 657
rlogin command, 173
rm command, 174
rmdir command, 174
RMI (remote method invocation)
      compiler, 337
rmic Java command, 337
rmid Java command, 339
rmiregistry Java command, 340
rmtxns command (svnadmin), 736
rpm command, 471-482
      database rebuild options, 480
      downloading packages off the Internet, 472
      examples, 482
      FTP/HTTP options, 482
      general options, 472
      information selection options, 477
      install, upgrade, and freshen options, 473-475
      miscellaneous options, 481
      package selection options, 475
      query options, 475
      signature check options, 481
      uninstall options, 478
      verify options, 479
RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), 467, 470-484
      package concepts, 471
      package names, 468
      rpm command, 471-482
      rpmbuild command, 482-484
rpmbuild command, 482-484
RSA or DSA identities, adding to authentication agent, 193
rsh command, 173, 665
rshift function (gawk), 630
rsync command, 175-178
rtag command (CVS), 691
rules (GNU make), 746
run command (GDB), 805
running programs (GDB commands), 775
rwatch command (GDB), 806

S[ Top ]
s command (sed), 607
s (step) command (GDB), 773
Samba software suite, 178
sandbox, 638, 698
      dot files in CVS, 664
say command (Mac OS), 318
sbnext command (ex), 588
sbuffer command (ex), 588
SCCS (Source Code Control System), 640
      check out with locking model, 639
sched command (tcsh), 460
scp (secure copy) command, 179
script command, 181
scripts, 471
      Debian package management, 495
      shell (see shell scripts)
sdiff command, 182
search command
      GDB, 806
      yum, 488
search commands, 10
      egrep, 70-73
      Emacs, 548
      fgrep, 82
      find, 84-91
      grep, 103
      locate, 122
      look, 124
search commands (continued )
      slocate, 294
      strings, 195
      vi, 539
search patterns
      metacharacters, 536
      Unix metacharacters, 538
searching
      by pattern matching, 24
      regular expressions, using, 539
      search-and-replace examples, sed and ex, 540
      in vi editor, 568
secret keys
      decrypting, 248
      deleting, 248
      encrypting, 243
section command (GDB), 806
secure copy (scp) command, 179
secure ftp (sftp) command, 184
secure network services
      computing PKCS#11 MAC for given files, 249
      decrypting secret keys in, 248
      deleting secret keys in, 248
      encrypt Solaris command, 245
      encrypting secret key, 243
      (see also Secure Shell)
Secure Shell (SSH), 190-195
      ssh command, 190-193
      ssh-add command, 193
      ssh-agent command, 193
sed editor, 183, 595-610
      command syntax, 598-599
            GNU sed extended regular expressions, 599
            pattern addressing, 598
      command-line syntax, 596
            GNU sed options, 597
            standard options, 596
      commands
            summary, listed alphabetically, 601-610
      commands by category, 600
            basic editing, 600
            branching, 600
            input/output processing, 600
            line information, 600
            multiline input processing, 601
            yanking and putting, 600
      operation, 596
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 538
      search-and-replace examples, 540
      typical uses of, 596
select (shell keyword), 400
select-frame command (GDB), 806
selection states (Debian packages), 494
sending email messages, 135
seq Linux command, 292
server command (CVS), 692
server environment variables (CVS), 666
sessions
      control by shell, 342
      recording, 181
:set command (vi), 574-578
set and show commands (GDB), 777-788
      annotate, 778
      architecture, 778
      args, 778
      auto-solib-add, 778
      auto-solib-limit, 778
      backtrace, 778
      breakpoint, 779
      can-use-hw-watchpoints, 779
      case-sensitive, 779
      coerce-float-to-double, 779
      commands, 779
      complaints, 779
      confirm, 780
      convenience, 780
      copying, 780
      cp-abi, 780
      debug-file-directory, 780
      demangle-style, 780
      directories, 781
      disassembly-flavor, 781
      editing, 781
      environment, 781
      exec-done-display, 781
      follow-fork-mode, 781
      gnutarget, 781
      height, 782
      history, 782
      input-radix, 782
      language, 782
      listsize, 782
      logging, 783
      max-user-cal-depth, 783
      opaque-type-resolution, 783
      osabi, 783
      output radix, 783
      overload-resolution, 784
      pagination, 784
      paths, 784
      print, 784
      prompt, 785
      radix, 785
      scheduler-locking, 785
      solib-absolute-prefix, 786
      solib-search-path, 786
      step mode, 786
      stop-on-solib-events, 786
      symbol-reloading, 786
      tui, 786
      values, 787
      variable, 787
      verbose, 787
      version, 787
      warranty, 787
      watchdog, 788
      width, 788
      write, 788
set command
      Bash and Korn shells, 400-404
      ex, 588
      GDB, 806
      tcsh, 460
setenv command (tcsh), 461
setlog command (svnadmin), 737
setpgrp Solaris command, 254
settc command (tcsh), 461
setty command (tcsh), 461
sftp (secure ftp) command, 184
sh command, 185
sh, invoking Bash as, 349
SHA1 160-bit checksums, 292
sha1sum Linux command, 292
shar Mac OS command, 319
share command (GDB), 773
shared object libraries, tracing calls into/out of, 254
sharedlibrary command (GDB), 806
shell archive (shar) command, 319
shell characters, special (Emacs), 549
shell command
      ex, 588
      GDB, 806
shell functions, 357
shell programming commands, 10
shell scripts, 342
      for background processes, 229
      Debian package management, 495
      lockfile used from, 319
      reading from terminal, 249
shell variables (see variables)
shells, 341-346
      choosing your shell, 343
      commands, 10
      csh command, 46
      differing features, Bash, ksh, and tcsh, 345
      introduction to, 341
      invoking Bash and Korn shells, 349-350
      restricted, 373
      source code, URLs for, 344
      tcsh shell, 214
      Tenex C shell (see tcsh)
      types (flavors) of, 343
      uses of, 342
            customizing Unix session, 342
            interactive use, 342
shift command
      Bash and Korn shells, 407
      tcsh, 461
shlock Mac OS command, 319
shopt command (Bash), 404
show command (GDB), 807
show commands (GDB) (see set and show commands)
shred Linux command, 293
si (stepi) command (GDB), 773
signal command (GDB), 807
signals, tracing, 255
signature verification for packages, 468
signature-checking options (rpm), 481
silent command (GDB), 807
sin function (awk), 630
size command, 185
skill Linux command, 293
sleep command, 186
sleep command (ksh93), 407
slocate Linux command, 294
slogin command, 191
snext command (ex), 588
snice Linux command, 293
.so requests, eliminating in nroff or troff files, 186
sockets, use with gawk coprocesses, 620
soelim command, 186
software, building, 6
Solaris
      command summary, 241-259
      finding commands, 14
      package management, 521-531
            command summary, 522-531
      POSIX standard, programs compliant with, 11
Solaris 10, xiii, 4
      compilers, 5
sort command, 186-188
sorting files
      joining lines of sorted files, 112
      removing duplicate lines, 222
sotruss Solaris command, 254
source code
      awk versions and GNU gettext, URLs, 634
      building software from, 6, 521
      management, 637-642
            CVS (Concurrent Versions System), 659-696
            RCS (Revision Control System), 643-658
            Subversion, 697-744
            systems for Unix, 640
            terminology, 637
            usage models for systems, 639
Source Code Control System (see SCCS)
source command
      Bash, 408
      ex, 589
      GDB, 807
      tcsh, 462
source-level debuggers, 766
space and tab characters, xvi
space character class, 352
spaces
      expanding tab characters into, 78
      word separators in Bash and ksh, 353
      word separators in tcsh, 420
special characters
      tcsh, 420
      troff, 818
spell command, 189
splint Linux command, 295-298
split command, 190
      ex, 589
split function (awk), 630
splitting files, 46
sprevious command (ex), 589
sprintf function (awk), 630
      format specifiers, 633
sqrt function (awk), 630
srand function (awk), 630
srm Mac OS command, 320
ssh (Secure Shell) command, 190-193
ssh-add command, 193
ssh-agent command, 193
ssh-keygen command, 194
stack examination commands (GDB), 776
standard input, output, and error
      GNU sed, 601
      STDIN, copying, 214, 217
      STDOUT, printing to, 69
startup files (tcsh), 419
state, RCS revisions, 648
status command
      CVS, 692
      svn, 728-731
status inquiry commands (GDB), 776
step command (GDB), 807
      mode, setting, 786
stepi command (GDB), 807
stickiness, CVS files, 660
stop command
      ex, 589
      Korn shells, 408
      tcsh, 446, 462
stopping commands (Emacs), 547
storage commands, 11
strace Linux command, 298-300
stream editor, 183
strftime function (gawk), 630
string searches with apropos, 16
strings
      comparing and searching with expr, 79-81
      localizing, 99
      printing, using specified formats, 172
      substituting characters in, 217
strings command, 195
strip command, 196
strtonum function (gawk), 619, 631
stty command, 196-202
su command, 202
sub function (awk), 631
subcommands (CVS), common synonyms, 674
substitute command (ex), 589
substitutions, PS1-PS4 variables, 366
substr function (awk), 631
Subversion, 641, 697-744
      basic version control operations, 698
      converting repository from CVS, 700
      "copy, modify, merge" model, 639
      file properties, special, 700-702
      improvements on CVS design, 698
      obtaining, 702-704
            features in next version, 703
            releases, 702
            source code, 703
      svn (command line client), 706-733
            options, 706-710
            subcommands, 710-733
      svnadmin (repository administration), 733-737
            options, 733
            subcommands, 734-737
      svnlook (repository, examining), 737-742
            options, 738
            subcommands, 738-742
      svnserve command, 742
      svnversion command, 744
      svndumpfilter command, 743
      using for version control, 704-706
suffix rules (makefile), 750
Sun Desktop commands, 241
suspend command
      Bash and Korn shells, 408
      ex, 590
      tcsh, 462
sview command (ex), 590
svn (Subversion command line client), 706-733
      options, 706-710
      subcommands, 710-733
svnadmin (Subversion repository administration), 733-737
      options, 733
      subcommands, 734-737
svndumpfilter command (Subversion), 743
svnlook (Subversion repository, examining), 737-742
      options, 738
      subcommands, 738-742
svnserve (Subversion repository access), 742
SVR4 (System V Release 4), 3
switch command
      svn, 731
      tcsh, 462
symbol file, 766
symbol tables (name list), printing for files, 156-158
symbol-file command (GDB), 807
synaptic Linux command, 470, 519
synchronizing files across a network connection, 175-178, 246-248
syntax on command line, xvi
system calls, tracing, 255
      strace Linux command, 298-300
system configuration variables, printing, 99
system dictionary, adding to, 189
system function (awk), 631
system name, current, 221
system status commands, 11
system usage information, 216
      printing, 227
      timex (Solaris) command, 254
      w command, 228
System V
      Bourne shell, 347
      printing commands, 9
      Release 4 (SVR4), 3
systime function (gawk), 631

T[ Top ]
T command (sed), 609
t command
      ex, 590
      sed, 608
tab characters, xvi
      converting spaces to, 222
      expanding to spaces, 78
tabs
      word separators in Bash and ksh, 353
tabs, word separators in tcsh, 420
tag command (CVS), 693
tag command (ex), 590
tag files, creating with ctags, 48
tagging improvements, Subversion, 699
tags command (ex), 590
tags, naming source code files, 638
tail command, 203
talk command, 205
TAO (track-at-once) mode, 266
tape files, copying/restoring, 42, 205-213
tar command, 205-213
targets, GNU make, 746
      special names, 761
tbreak command (GDB), 808
tcatch command (GDB), 808
tcsh command, 214
tcsh (Tenex C shell), 343, 417-465
      arithmetic, 435
      command history, 438-441
            command substitution, 438
            history modifiers, 440
            special aliases, 441
            word substitution, 439
      command-line manipulation, 442-445
            completion, 442
            editing the command line, 442-445
      commands, built-in, 446-465
      expressions, 435-437
            @ command examples, 437
            if and while statement examples, 437
            operators, 435-437
      features differing from Bash and ksh, 345
      features in common with Bash and ksh, 344
      filename metacharacters, 419
      invocation, options and arguments, 418
      job control, 445
      prompts, 432
      quoting, 420
            characters used for, 421
      special characters, 420
      special files, 419
      syntax, 419-423
            command forms, 421
            redirection, 422
      variables, 423-434
            environment variables, 433
            modifiers, 424
            predefined shell variables, 426-432
            sample .tcshrc file, 433
            variable substitution, 423
.tcshrc file, 419
      example, 433
tee command, 214
telltc command (tcsh), 463
telnet command, 214
template file of C #define statements, 22
temporary filename, generating, 149
temporary files (RCS), 649
Tenex C shell (see tcsh)
terminal emulators, ANSI/VT100, 180-181
terminal sessions, recording (script), 181
terminals
      clearing displays, 38
      clearing with reset, 173
      device name, printing, 220
      setting I/O options for current device, 196-202
      setting modes, 219
terminating process IDs, 113
termination status for background processes, 229
termname command (tcsh), 463
test command, 216, 408
text
      converting spaces into tabs, 222
      expanding tabs into spaces, 78
      formatting with fmt command, 93
      ISO Latin-1 character set, 829-830
      manipulation with make utility, 758-761
      pattern matching (see regular expressions)
      searching for (see search commands)
text editors
      ed, 70
      emacs (see Emacs editor)
      Emacs vs. vi, 442
      ex (see ex editor)
      nano, 312
      pico, 315
      regular expression delimiters, 539
      Unix metacharacters, 538
      vi (see vi editor)
      vim (see vim editor)
"text mode" browser (lynx), 281
text processing programs (see nroff/troff)
text processing commands, 11
text to speech synthesizer (say), 318
Text User Interface (TUI), 766, 773
      GDB commands for, 777
thbreak command (GDB), 808
thread command (GDB), 808
Tiger (see Mac OS X 10.4)
time command, 216
      Bash and Korn shells, 410
      tcsh, 463
time zones, 671
times command, 410
times command (ksh93), 410
timestamps, RCS, 647
timex Solaris command, 254
tolower function (awk), 632
touch command, 217
toupper function (awk), 632
tr command, 217
tracing system calls (strace), 298-300
track-at-once (TAO) mode, 266
translating strings (see localization of strings)
transposing words (sed), 541
transposition commands (Emacs), 547
trap command, 411
traps, sharing (Bash and ksh), 357
tree command (svnlook), 741
trigger scriptlets, 472
troff program
      command-line invocation, 814
      eliminating .so requests, 186
      escape sequences, 818
      preprocessing of input files, 186
      special characters, 818
      troff command, 218
true command, 219, 412
truss Solaris command, 255-257
tset command, 219
tty command, 220
      GDB, 808
tui command (GDB), 808
TUI (Text User Interface), 766, 773
      GDB commands for, 777
type command, 220
      Bash, 412
      ksh, 412
type-safe linkage, 766
typeset command, 412
      -A (creating associative arrays), 365
      -n (indirect variable referencing), 359

U[ Top ]
u (until) command (GDB), 773
ulimit command, 414
umask command, 220
      Bash and Korn shells, 414
      tcsh, 463
umount command, 222
      Linux, 300
      Mac OS, 320
      Solaris, 257
unabbreviate command (ex), 590
unalias command
      Bash and Korn shells, 415
      tcsh, 463
uname command, 221
uncomplete command (tcsh), 463
uncompressing files, 238
undisplay command (GDB), 809
undo command (ex), 590
undoing commands (Emacs), 547
unedit command (CVS), 694
unexpand command, 222
unhash command (tcsh), 464
unhide command (ex), 590
uninstall options (rpm), 478
uniq command, 222
units command, 223
units of measurements (nroff/troff), 815
Unix
      shells (see shells)
      summary of common commands, 15-340
      versions of, 3
unix2dos command, 224
unlimit command (tcsh), 464
unmap command (ex), 591
unset command, 415
      GDB, 809
      tcsh, 464
unsetenv command (tcsh), 464
until command (GDB), 809
until (shell keyword), 415
unzip command, 225
up command (GDB), 810
up2date (Red Hat Update Agent), 470, 489-492
update command
      CVS, 694
      GDB, 810
      svn, 732
      yum, 489
upgrade command (yum), 489
upgrade options (rpm), 473-475
upper character class, 352
uppercase (see case-sensitivity)
up-silently command (GDB), 810
uptime command, 227
URLs
      Arch (source code management system), 641
      aspell, 260
      autoconf, 21
      automake, 23
      awk source code and GNU gettext, 634
      awka, 634
      Bash, 25, 348
      Bash completion, 371
      Bash Debugger, 360
      Bash source code, 344
      Bash source code patches, 344
      bc language (and compiler), 26
      bison, 27
      bzip, 29
      cdrdao (Sourceforge), 266
      Codeville (version control system), 641
      CSSC (free clone of SCCS), 641
      ctags, 48
      CUPS (Common Unix Printing System), 31
      curl, 49
      ddd (Data Display Debugger), 768
      diff, 58
      ed, 70
      Emacs editor, 543
      Figlet, 24
      Fink Commander, 521
      Fink project, 520
      flex, 92
      gawk, 634
      gcc, 96
      GCC and precompiled packages (Sun), 5
      GDB (GNU Debugger), 768
      gettext, 100, 634
      gettextize, 277
      gprof (GNU), 100
      groff (GNU troff), 814
      gs (ghostscript), 103
      gzip, 105
      info, 111
      Insight debugger, 768
      ispell, 278
      Korn shell, 348
      Korn shell, Public Domain (pdksh), 287, 344
      ksh93 source code, 344
      less, 116
      lynx (text mode) browser, 281
      m4 (macro processor), 133
      make program, 745
      mawk, 634
      Monotone (version control system), 642
      mutt (Mail User Agent program), 285
      nano editor, 312
      nroff/troff, 814
      Open Office, 286
      OpenSSH, 191
      OSXGNU (GNU Mac OS X Public Archive), 521
      patch, 163
      perl, 170
      python, 173
      rsync (Samba), 175
      Samba, 178
      screen, 180
      shells, source code, 344
      slocate, 294
      Solaris patches, support, 5
      Solaris, Sun freeware, 6
      splint, 295
      srm (Sourceforge), 320
      Subversion project site, 702
      sudo, 203
      tar, 206
      tcsh source code, 344
      tcshrc, 419
      troff, 814
      vim editor, 78, 562
      wget, 301
      xgettext, 234
      Z shell source code, 344
      ZIP, 238
      ZIP (unzip), 225
usage information, 216
      disk blocks used by directory and subdirectories, 66
      timex (Solaris) command, 254
      w command, 228
user interfaces (GDB), 766
      Text User Interface (TUI), 773
users
      changing information for with chpass, 305
      displaying data about, 91
      displaying group membership, 103
      id command, 110
      information on those logged in, 228
      listing, 249
      logged-in, displaying list, 231
      username for user ID, printing, 232
users command, 227
/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc file, 472
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), 647
uudecode command, 227
uuid command (svnlook), 742

V[ Top ]
v command
      ex, 591
      sed, 609
vacation Solaris command, 257
value history, 771
variable substitution, 358
variables
      awk
            assignment, 618
            built-in, 616
      Bash and Korn shells, 358-366
            arrays, 364
            built-in, 359-362
            discipline functions (ksh93), 365
            other, 362-364
            special prompt settings, 365
      convenience variables (GDB), 771
      CVSROOT directory, 672-673
            environment variables, 673
            internal variables, 673
            shell variables in files, 673
      setting, Bash and Korn shells, 400-404
      system configuration, printing, 99
      tcsh shell, 423-434
            command-line manipulation, 442
            environment variables, 433
            predefined shell variables, 426-432
            prompt variable, formatting, 432
            sample .tcshrc file, 433
            variable modifiers, 424
            variable substitution, 423
      (see also make utility, macros)
verify command (svnadmin), 737
verify options (rpm), 479
version command
      CVS, 695
      ex, 591
version control systems
      CVS, 659-696
      other, 641
      RCS, 643-658
      Subversion, 697-744
      for Unix, 640
version history, true history in Subversion, 698
versioned metadata, 699
versions of Unix, 3
vi editor, 228, 561-578
      bindings, compared to Emacs bindings, 442
      command mode, 565
      command syntax, 565
      command-line syntax, 562-565
            options, 562-565
      commands, 567-574
      configuration, 574-578
            .exrc file, 562
            .exrc file (example), 578
            :set command, 574
            :set command options, 574-578
      edit commands, 570-571
            changing and deleting text, 570
            copying and moving text, 571
      ex commands in, 579
      ex (see ex editor)
      insert mode, 565
      interacting with the system, 572
      line-edit mode, Bash and ksh, 368
      macros, 573
      miscellaneous commands, 573
      movement commands, 567
            character, 567
            line numbering, 568
            lines, 567
            marking position, 569
            screens, 568
            searching, 568
            text, 567
vi editor (continued )
      multiple files, accessing, 571
      operating modes, 562
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 538
      saving and exiting, 571
      starting ex from, 564
      status line commands, 566
      tcsh command-line editing mode, 444
      user-defined commands, characters for, 573
      window commands, 572
view command, 228
      ex, 591
vile text editor, 561
vim editor, 562
      command-line options, 562
      evim command, 78
      vim command, 228
      vimdiff command, 228
      visual mode, 566
vimdiff command, 228
visual command (ex), 591
volcheck Solaris command, 259
vpath statements (makefile), 751
vsplit command (ex), 591
VT100 terminal emulation, enabling, 180-181

W[ Top ]
W command (sed), 610
w command, 228
      sed, 609
wait command, 229
      Bash and Korn shells, 415
      tcsh, 464
wall command (ex), 591
watch command
      CVS, 695
      GDB, 810
      Linux, 300
watchers command (CVS), 696
watchlog command (tcsh), 464
watchpoints, 767
WAV format, converting CDDA to, 260-263
wc (word count) command, 229
wget Linux command, 6, 301-303
whatis command, 230
      GDB, 811
whatis database, searching with apropos command, 16
whatprovides command (yum), 489
whence command (ksh), 415
where command
      GDB, 773, 811
      tcsh, 464
which command, 230
      tcsh, 464
while command
      awk, 632
      Bash and Korn shells, 416
      GDB, 811
      tcsh, 437, 465
whitespace
      converting spaces into tabs (unexpand), 222
      expanding tabs into spaces, 78
      space character class, 352
who command, 231
whoami command, 232
whocalls Solaris command, 259
width (format specifiers), 634
window commands (Emacs), 549
window (Emacs), 544
window size, setting for terminal, 202
Windows systems, serving Unix filesystems to, 178
winheight command (GDB), 811
wnext command (ex), 591
word character class, 352
word count (wc) command, 229
word separators
      Bash and ksh, 353
      tcsh, 420
word substitution (tcsh), 439
word-abbreviation commands (Emacs), 548
wordlist files, 189
words, automatic completion
      in Bash, 369-372
      in tcsh, 442
wq command (ex), 592
wqall command (ex), 592
write command (ex), 592
writing to standard output, 69

X[ Top ]
x command
      GDB, 811
      sed, 610
X command (ex), 592
^x (control character), xvi
X11 applications under Mac OS X, 314
xargs command, 233
Xcode Tools package, 5
xdigit character class, 352
xgettext command, 234
xit command (ex), 592
xmlto Linux command, 303
xor function (gawk), 632

Y[ Top ]
y command (sed), 610
y editing operator (vi), 565, 570
yacc command, 27, 237
yank command
      Emacs, 544
      ex, 592
yanking and putting commands (sed), 600
Yellow Dog Linux package updater (see Yum)
youngest command (svnlook), 742
Yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified), 484-489
      command summary, 486-489
      yum command, 470, 484-486

Z[ Top ]
z command (ex), 593
Z shell (see zsh)
zcat command, 238
zip command, 238
ZIP format archives, extracting or printing information about, 225
zipinfo command, 240
zsh (Z shell), 344