O’Reilly Verlag

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Symbols[ Top ]
+ (addition) operator, 40
+ (assertion) operator, 40
++ (autoincrement) operator, 41
-- (autodecrement) operator, 41
$_COOKIE array, 166
/ (division) operator, 40
$_ENV array, 166
$_FILES array, 166
$_GET array, 166
% (modulus) operator, 40
* (multiplication) operator, 40
- (negation) operator, 40
$_POST array, 166
$_SERVER array, 166
_ _sleep function, 160
- (subtraction) operator, 40
_ _wakeup function, 160

A[ Top ]
abs function, 385
abstract methods, 151
Access, ODBC and, 374
accessing databases, 196
accessor macros, zval data type, 340-342
acos function, 385
acosh function, 385
ad hoc documents, XML, 262
addcslashes function, 385
addition operator (+), 40
addslashes function, 87
AliasNbPages( ) method, 254
alpha channel, images, 242
alternatives, regular expressions, 100
anchors
      Perl-compatible regular expressions, 107
      POSIX-style regular expressions, 103
announcement to newgroup, 2
anonymous functions, 73
antialiasing, 227
API, COM and, 367
approximate equality of strings, 90
architecture, 321
arithmetic operators, 40
      + (addition), 40
      + (assertion), 40
      / (division), 40
      % (modulus), 40
      * (multiplication), 40
      - (negation), 40
      - (subtraction), 40
array_change_key_case function, 386
array_chunk function, 124, 386
array_combine function, 386
array_count_values function, 387
array_diff function, 139, 141, 387
array_diff_assoc function, 387
array_diff_uassoc function, 387
array_fill function, 387
array_filter function, 140, 388
array_flip function, 137, 388
array_intersect function, 388
array_intersect_assoc function, 388
array_intersect_uassoc function, 388
array_key_exists( ) function, 125
array_keys function, 125, 389
array_map function, 389
array_merge function, 139, 389
array_merge_recursive function, 390
array_multisort function, 136, 390
array_pad function, 122, 390
array_pop function, 141, 391
array_push function, 141, 391
array_rand function, 391
array_reduce function, 131, 391
array_reverse function, 137, 391
array_search function, 391
array_shift function, 392
array_slice function, 124, 392
array_splice function, 126, 392
array_sum function, 139, 392
array_udiff function, 392
array_udiff_assoc function, 393
array_udiff_uassoc function, 393
array_uintersect function, 393
array_uintersect_assoc function, 394
array_uintersect_uassoc function, 394
array_unique function, 140, 394
array_unshift function, 394
array_values function, 395
array_walk function, 395
array_walk_recursive function, 395
arrays, 29
      $_COOKIE, 166
      associative, 119
      chunks, 124
      creating, 29
            from variables, 128
      creating variables from, 127
      data storage, 120-123
      difference, calculating, 139
      elements, 120
            calling functions for, 131
            existence, 125
            filtering, 140
            inserting, 126
            removing, 126
            sorting, 29
      $_ENV, 166
      $_FILES, 166
      for loops and, 130
      foreach construct and, 128
      functions, 377
      $_GET, 166
      indexed, 119
      iterator functions, 129
      keys, 125
      looping through, 29
      merging, 139
      multidimensional, 123
      padding, 122
      $_POST, 166
      reducing, 131
      reversing, 137
      $_SERVER, 166
      sets, 140
      size, 122
      slicing, 124
      sorting
            ascending orders, 134
            descending order, 134
            multiple at once, 136
            natural order sort, 136
            one at a time, 133
            random order, 138
      stacks, 141
      sum, 139
      values
            multiple, 123
            ranges, assigning, 122
            searches, 132
arsort function, 395
asin function, 395
asinh function, 395
asort function, 396
ASP, embedding PHP and, 61
assert function, 396
assert_options function, 396
assertion operator (+), 40
assignment operators, 47
associative arrays, 119
associativity of operators, 38
atan function, 396
atan2 function, 396
atanh function, 397
attributes, PDF text, 250
autodecrement operator (--), 41
autoincrement operator (++), 41

B[ Top ]
backreferences, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 109
base_convert function, 397
base64_decode function, 397
base64_encode function, 397
basename function, 397
BCMath Arbitrary Precision Mathematics extension, 491
benchmarking, 315
bin2hex function, 397
bindec function, 398
bitwise operators, 43
Boolean values, 28
browser-supplied filenames in upload, security and, 295
buffers
      flushing, 307
      output buffering, 306-308
            error handlers, 312
buttons, images, 236-239

C[ Top ]
caching
      dynamically generated buttons, 237
      reverse-proxy cache, 318
Calendar extension, 492
call_user_func function, 398
call_user_func_array function, 398
call_user_method function, 398
call_user_method_array function, 398
callback parameter, 306
calling functions, 63
      array elements, 131
case folder, XML, 270
case sensitivity, 18
      strings, 83
casting, implicit, 39
casting operators, 45
ceil function, 398
cells, PDFs, 248
character classes
      Perl-compatible regular expressions, 107
      POSIX-style expressions, 102
character classes, regular expressions, 99
character data handler, XML, 266
character encoding, XML, 269
character strings, 82-83
chdir function, 399
checkdate function, 399
checkdnsrr function, 399
chgrp function, 399
chmod function, 399
chop function, 400
chown function, 400
chr function, 400
chroot function, 400
chunk_split function, 400
class_exists function, 153, 400
class_implements function, 401
class_parents function, 401
classes, 144
      character classes
            Perl-compatible regular expressions, 107
            POSIX-style regular expressions, 102
            regular expressions, 99
      declaring, 146
            abstract, 151
            constants declaration, 149
            constructors, 152
            destructors, 152
            inheritance, 150
            interfaces, 150
            method declaration, 147
            property declaration, 148
      existence, 153
      functions, 378
      names, identifiers, 24
      object-oriented design and, 30
      subclasses, 144
cleaning strings, 82
clearstatcache function, 401
clients, XML, 283
client-side GUI applications, 1
closedir function, 401
code
      including from another module, 57-59
      portable
            end-of-line, 364
            environment, 364
            external commands, 365
            mail and, 364
            platform definition, 363
            platform-specific extensions, 365
      security, 299
      templating systems, 303-306
code libraries, 302
color, 240
      color index, 243
      images, true color, 241
      palette, 227
      true color
            color indexes, 243
            formats, 228
COM, 366, 492
      API and, 367
      functions, 367
      RPC, 366
      Word documents, 368-371
command line, extensions and, 323
command-line scripting, 1
commands, shell, security and, 300
comments, 20-22
      C-style, 21
      shell-style, 20
compact function, 128
comparing strings
      approximate equality, 90
      exact, 89
comparison operators, 41
compiling extensions, 330
      into PHP, 331
      standalone, 330
compressing output, 308
concatenation, string concatenation operator, 40
conditional expressions, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 113
config.m4 file, 333
      dependencies, 333
configuration
      DSN, 372
      to web server, 360
      on Windows, 359-363
configuration page, 10
connection_aborted function, 402
connection_status function, 402
connections, databases, 202
constant function, 402
constants
      declaring, 149
      identifiers, 24
constructors, 152
content types, response headers, 183
convert_cyr_string function, 402
convert_uudecode function, 402
convert_uuencode function, 403
cookies, 186-189
      alternatives, 191
      sessions and, combining, 194
      storage, 192-195
coordinates, PDFs, 248
copy function, 403
cos function, 403
cosh function, 403
count function, 122, 403
count_chars function, 403
cPDF extension, 492
crc32 function, 404
create_function function, 404
cross-site scripting (XXS), security and, 293
crypt function, 404
C-string encoding, 88
C-style comments, 21
ctype extension, 492
ctype_alnum function, 404
ctype_alpha function, 404
ctype_cntrl function, 405
ctype_digit function, 405
ctype_graph function, 405
ctype_lower function, 405
ctype_print function, 405
ctype_punct function, 405
ctype_space function, 406
ctype_upper function, 406
ctype_xdigit function, 406
CURL extension, 492
current function, 129, 406
cut, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 112

D[ Top ]
Data Manipulation Language (DML), 198
data source name (see DSN)
data types
      arrays, 29
      floating-point numbers, 26
      integers, 25
      NULL, 31
      objects, 30
      pval, 338
      resources, 30
      strings, 27
      zval, 338
            accessor macros, 340-342
            MAKE_STD_ZVAL( ) macro, 339
            SEPARATE_ZVAL( ) macro, 339
            zval_copy_ctor funtion, 340
databases, 12-14
      access, 196
      connections, 202
      disconnecting, 205
      execute( ) method, 206
      executeMultiple( ) method, 206
      metadata, 210
      placeholders, 205
      prepare( ) method, 206
      queries
            issuing, 202
            response details, 208
            results, 203
      sample application, 211-221, 224
      sequences, 210
      shortcuts, 207
      transactions, 210
date and time functions, 378
date function, 406
date_sunrise function, 407
date_sunset function, 408
DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT mode, 204
dBase extension, 493
DBM-Style Database Abstraction extension, 493
dbx extension, 493
debug_backtrace function, 408
debug_print_backtrace function, 408
decbin function, 409
dechex function, 409
declarations, classes, 146
      abstract methods, 151
      constants declaration, 149
      constructors, 152
      destructors, 152
      inheritance and, 150
      interfaces, 150
      method declaration, 147
      property declaration, 148
declare statement, 56
declaring variables, 32
decoct function, 409
decomposing strings
      exploding/imploding, 94
      tokenizing, 94
decomposing URLs, 97
default handler, XML, 269
define function, 409
defined function, 409
defining functions, 64-66
DELETE statement (SQL), 198
delimiters, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 106
destructors, 152
difference, array sets, 141
dir function, 410
directories, functions, 379
dirname function, 410
disconnecting from databases, 205
disk_free_space function, 410
disk_total_space function, 410
diskfreespace function, 410
division operator (/), 40
dl function, 411
DML (Data Manipulation Language), 198
dns_check_record function, 411
dns_get_mx function, 411
Document Type Definition (DTD), 262
DOM XML extension, 493
      parsing XML, 277
double-quoted strings, 76
doubleval function, 411
downloads
      source distribution, 7
      Windows distribution, 360
DSN (data source name), 201
      configuration, 372
DTD (Document Type Definition), 262
dynamic XML, RSS and, 263
dynamically generated buttons, 236-239
      caching, 237

E[ Top ]
each function, 129
echo command, printing strings, 78
echoing content, 62
EG (Executor Globals), 351
EGPCS (environment, GET, POST, cookies and server), 165
elements in arrays, 120
      calling functions for, 131
      existence, 125
      filtering, 140
      inserting, 126
      removing, 126
embedding images in web page, 225
encapsulation, 144
end of line, portable code and, 364
end function, 129
entities, XML, unparsed, 268
entity handlers, XML, 267
entity-quoting HTML syntax characters, strings, 84
entity-quoting special characters, strings, 84
environment, GET, POST, cookies and server (EGPCS), 165
ereg function, 103, 412
ereg_replace function, 105, 412
eregi function, 104, 412
eregi_replace function, 412
error checking, PEAR DB, 202
error handlers
      defining, 311-313
      logging in, 311
      output buffering, 312
error reporting, 309
error_log function, 413
error_reporting function, 309, 311, 413
errors
      functions, 378
      notices, 309
      parse errors, 309
      suppressing, 310
      triggering, 310
      warnings, 309
      XML, 271
escape output, security and, 290-293
escape sequences, 74
      single-quoted strings, 75
escapeshellarg function, 414
escapeshellcmd function, 414
exec function, 414
execute( ) method, 206
executeMultiple( ) method, 206
execution time, optimization, 317
Executor Globals (EG), 351
EXIF extension, 493
exit statement, 57
exp function, 414
expiration, response headers, 183
explode function, 414
exploding strings, 94
expressions, 36
ext_skel tool, 325
Extensible Markup Language (see XML)
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (see XSLT)
extension_loaded function, 414
extensions
      BCMath Arbitrary Precision Mathematics, 491
      Calendar, 492
      COM, 492
      command line and, 323
      compiling, 330
            into PHP, 331
            standalone, 330
      config.m4 file, 333
            dependencies, 333
      cPDF, 492
      ctype, 492
      CURL, 492
      dBase, 493
      DBM-Style Database Abstraction, 493
      dbx, 493
      DOM XML, 493
      EXIF, 493
      FDF, 494
      File Alteration Monitor, 494
      filePro, 494
      FrontBase, 494
      FTP, 494
      Gd/gd2, 494
      gettext, 495
      global variables
            EG, 351
            internal extension globals, 351
            SG, 351
      GMP, 495
      Hyperwave, 495
      iconv, 495
      IMAP, 495
      Informix, 496
      Ingres II, 496
      INI entries, 354
      InterBase, 496
      IRC Gateway, 496
      Java, 496
      LDAP, 496
      mcrypt, 497
      MCVE, 497
      memory mangement, 336-338
      mhash, 497
      Microsoft SQL Server, 497
      Ming, 497
      mnoGoSearch, 497
      msession, 498
      mSQL, 498
      MySQL, 498
      NNTP, 495
      ODBC, 498
      openssl, 499
      Oracle, 499
      OvrimosSQL, 499
      parameter handling, 342
      planning, 324
      POP3, 495
      PostgreSQL, 499
      pspell, 500
      Readline, 500
      Recode, 500
      references, 349
      resources, 356
      shmop, 500
      skeleton, 325
            rot13.c file, 326-330
      SNMP, 500
      sockets, 501
      software tools necessary, 323
      Sybase, 501
      System V Semaphore, 501
      testing, 332
      tidy, 501
      variables, creating, 353
      Verisign Payflow Pro, 499
      WDDX, 501
      XML Parser, 501
      YAZ, 502
      YP/NIS, 502
      zlib compression, 502
extensions to distribution, 362
external commands, portable code, 365
external entities, XML, 267
extract function, 127, 415

F[ Top ]
fclose function, 415
FDF extension, 494
feof function, 415
fetchInto( ) method, 203
fetchRow( ) method, 203
fgetc function, 416
fgetcsv function, 416
fgets function, 416
fgetss function, 416
file access, security and, 296-299
File Alteration Monitor extension, 494
file function, 416
file_get_contents function, 417
file_put_contents function, 418
filectime function, 417
filegroup function, 417
fileinode function, 417
filemtime function, 418
filenames, security and, 292
fileowner function, 418
fileperms function, 418
filePro extension, 494
files
      functions, 379
      uploading, forms and, 179
filesize function, 418
filesystem functions, 379
filetype function, 419
filling filesystem in upload, security and, 295
filtering array elements, 140
filtering input, 285-290
floating-point numbers, 26
flock function, 419
floor function, 419
flow-control statements, 49-57
flush function, 420
flushing the buffer, 307
fmod function, 420
fnmatch function, 420
fonts, 233
      TrueType fonts, 234
footer( ) method, 254
footers in PDFs, 253
fopen function, 420
for loops, arrays and, 130
for statement, 54
foreach construct, arrays and, 128
foreach statement, 56
format specifiers, printf function, 79
formats, images, 230
forms, 10-12
      file uploads, 179
      methods and, 168
      pages, self-processing, 172
      parameters, 169
            automatic quoting, 170
            multivalued, 175
            sticky multivalued parameters, 177
      processing, 168-182
      sticky, 174
      validation, 180-182
fpassthru function, 421
FPDF library, 246
      cells, 248
      images, 255
fprintf function, 421
fputs function, 421
fread function, 421
FrontBase extension, 494
fscanf function, 422
fseek function, 422
fsockopen function, 422
fstat function, 422
ftell function, 423
FTP extension, 494
ftruncate function, 423
func_get_arg function, 423
func_get_args function, 423
func_num_args function, 423
function parameters, 35
function_exists function, 424
functions, 388, 400, 412
      anonymous, 73
      arrays, 377
      calling, 63
      classes, 378
      COM, 367
      date and time, 378
      defining, 64-66
      directories, 379
      errors, 378
      files, 379
      filesystem, 379
      HTTP, 380
      images, 380
      info, 382
      iterator, arrays and, 129
      logging, 378
      mail, 380
      math, 381
      names, identifiers, 23
      objects, 378
      output control, 381
      parameters, 63
            default, 69
            missing, 71
            passing by reference, 68
            passing by value, 68
            variable, 70
      Perl-compatible regular expressions, 113-117
      PHP options, 382
      POSIX-style regular expressions, 103
      program execution, 382
      return values, 71
      returning values
            arrays, 346
            objects, 347
            simple types, 345
      strings, 383
      type, 384
      URLs, 384
      variable, 72
      (see also individual functions)
fwrite function, 424

G[ Top ]
garbage collection, 35
GD, 226
      color, 240
      fonts, 233
            TrueType fonts, 234
      image-drawing functions, 231
Gd/gd2 extension, 494
GET requests, 169
      idempotence, 169
get_browser function, 424
get_cfg_var function, 424
get_class function, 424
get_class_methods function, 425
get_class_vars function, 425
get_current_user function, 425
get_declared_classes function, 425
get_declared_interfaces function, 425
get_defined_constants function, 425
get_defined_functions function, 426
get_defined_vars function, 426
get_extension_funcs function, 426
get_headers function, 426
get_html_translation_table function, 426
get_include_path function, 428
get_included_files function, 428
get_loaded_extensions function, 428
get_magic_quotes_gpc function, 428
get_magic_quotes_runtime function, 428
get_meta_tags function, 86, 428
get_object_vars function, 429
get_parent_class function, 429
get_required_files function, 429
get_resource_type function, 429
getcwd function, 430
getdate function, 430
getenv function, 430
gethostbyaddr function, 430
gethostbyname function, 430
gethostbynamel function, 431
getimagesize function, 427
getlastmod function, 431
getListOf( ) method, 210
getmxrr function, 431
getmygid function, 429
getmyinode function, 431
getmypid function, 431
getmyuid function, 429
getprotobyname function, 431
getprotobynumber function, 431
getrandmax function, 432
getrusage function, 432
getservbyname function, 432
getservbyport function, 432
gettext extension, 495
gettimeofday function, 432
gettype function, 433
glob function, 433
global arrays, EGPCS information, 166
global scope, 34
global variables, 67
      extensions and
            EG, 351
            internal extension globals, 351
            SG, 351
gmdate function, 433
gmmktime function, 434
GMP extension, 495
gmstrftime function, 434
graphics, 15
      (see also images)
greedy quantifiers, 108
growth of PHP, 6
GUI applications, client-side, 1

H[ Top ]
handlers
      error handlers, 311-313
      methods as, parsing XML and, 272
header function, 434
header( ) method, 254
headers
      PDFs, 253
      response, 182-185
            authentication, 184
            expiration, 183
            redirections, 183
headers_list function, 434
headers_sent function, 434
hebrev function, 434
hebrevc function, 435
heredocs, 74
      strings, 76
hexdec function, 435
highlight_file function, 435
highlight_string function, 435
history of PHP, 2-6
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
      entity-quoting HTML syntax characters, 84
      entity-quoting special characters, 84
      tags, removing from strings, 86
html_entity_decode function, 436
htmlentities function, 84, 435
htmlspecialchars function, 84, 436
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
      functions, 380
      methods, 164
      Server header, 165
      User Agent header, 165
http_build_query function, 437
Hypertext Markup Language (see HTML)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (see HTTP)
Hyperwave extension, 495
hypot function, 437

I[ Top ]
iconv extension, 495
idate function, 437
idempotence, 169
identifiers, 23
      classes, names, 24
      constants, 24
      functions, 23
      variable names, 23
if statement, 49-51
ignore_user_abort function, 438
image_type_to_mime_type function, 438
ImageColorAllocate function, 229
ImageCreate function, 229
ImageCreateFromJPEG function, 231
ImageCreateFromPNG function, 231
images
      alpha channel, 242
      antialiasing, 227
      buttons, dynamically generated, 236-239
      color, 240
            color index, 243
            true color color indexes, 243
            true color images, 241
      creating, 228-232
      drawing, 228-232
            functions, 231
      embedding in web page, 225
      existing files, 231
      file formats, 227
      formats supported, 230
      FPDF library, 255
      functions, 380
      GD and, 226
      output format, 230
      palette, 227
      PDFs, 255
      scaling, 239
      text and, 232
            fonts, 233
            TrueType fonts, 234
      text representation, 244
      transparency, 227
ImageTypes function, 230
IMAP extension, 495
implicit casting
      operators, 39
      type juggling, 39
implode function, 438
imploding strings, 94
import_request_variables function, 438
in_array function, 438
include statement, 57
indexed arrays, 119
info functions, 382
Informix extension, 496
Ingres II extension, 496
inheritance, 144, 150
INI entries, extensions, 354
ini_alter function, 439
ini_get function, 439
ini_get_all function, 439
ini_restore function, 439
ini_set function, 439
inline options, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 110
input, filtering, 285-290
INSERT statement (SQL), 198
installation, 7-9
      on Windows, 359-363
integers, 25
      hexadecimal numbers, 26
      literals, 25
      octal numbers, 26
InterBase extension, 496
interface_exists function, 440
interfaces, 150
internal extension globals, 351
interpolation, 74
intersection, array sets, 141
introspection, 153
      sample program, 156-159
intval function, 440
ip2long function, 440
iptcparse function, 440
IRC Gateway extension, 496
is_a function, 440
is_array function, 440
is_bool function, 440
is_callable function, 441
is_dir function, 441
is_double function, 441
is_executable function, 441
is_file function, 441
is_finite function, 441
is_float function, 442
is_infinite function, 442
is_int function, 442
is_integer function, 442
is_link function, 442
is_long function, 442
is_nan function, 442
is_null function, 443
is_numeric function, 443
is_object function, 154, 443
is_readable function, 443
is_real function, 443
is_resource function, 31, 443
is_scalar function, 443
is_string function, 444
is_subclass_of function, 444
is_uploaded_file function, 444
is_writable function, 444
is_writeable function, 444
isset function, 444
iterator functions, arrays and, 129

J[ Top ]
Java extension, 496
join function, 444

K[ Top ]
key function, 129, 445
keys, arrays, 125
keywords, 24
krsort function, 445
ksort function, 445

L[ Top ]
last in first in stack (see LIFO stack)
lcg_value function, 445
LDAP extension, 496
levenshtein function, 445
libraries
      code libraries, 302
      libxslt, 278
libxslt C library, 278
LIFO (last-in first-in) stack, arrays, 141
line breaks, statements and, 19
link function, 445
linkinfo function, 446
list function, 446
literals, 25
load balancing, 319
local scope, 33
localeconv function, 446
localtime function, 447
log function, 447
log10 function, 447
log1p function, 448
logging in error handlers, 311
logging, functions, 378
logical operators, 45
long2zip function, 448
lookahead, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 111
lookbehind, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 111
loops, for loops, 130
lstat function, 448
ltrim function, 82, 448

M[ Top ]
macros, zval data type, 340-342
mail function, 448
mail, portable code and, 364
maintaining state, 185-195
MAKE_STD_ZVAL( ) macro, 339
matching
      Perl-compatible regular expressions, 107
      POSIX-style regular expressions, 103
math functions, 381
max function, 448
mcrypt extension, 497
MCVE extension, 497
md5 function, 449
md5_file function, 449
memory management, 35
      extensions, 336-338
memory requirements, optimization, 318
merging arrays, 139
meta tags, extracting, 86
metadata, databases, 210
metaphone function, 449
method_exists function, 155, 449
methods, 144, 254
      abstract, 151
      accessing, 145-146
      AliasNbPages( ), 254
      declaring, 147
      execute( ), 206
      executeMultiple( ), 206
      fetchInto( ), 203
      fetchRow( ), 203
      forms, 168
      GET requests, 169
      getListOf( ), 210
      as handlers, parsing XML and, 272
      header( ), 254
      HTTP, 164
      nextID( ), 210
      POST requests, 169
      prepare( ), 206
      query( ), 202
mhash extension, 497
Microsoft SQL Server, 497
microtime function, 316, 449
min function, 449
Ming extension, 497
miscellaneous operators, 48
missing parameters, 71
mkdir function, 450
mktime function, 450
mnoGoSearch extension, 497
modulus operator (%), 40
money_format function, 450
move_uploaded_file function, 451
msession extension, 498
mSQL extension, 498
mt_getrandmax function, 451
mt_rand function, 451
mt_srand function, 451
multidimensional arrays, 123
multiplication operator (*), 40
multivalued parameters, 175
MySQL, 362, 498
      replication, 319

N[ Top ]
names
      classes, identifiers, 24
      functions, identifiers, 23
      variables, identifiers, 23
natcasesort function, 451
natsort function, 136, 452
negation operator (-), 40
networking functions, 381
newsgroup announcement, 2
next function, 129, 452
nextID( ) method, 210
nl_langinfo function, 452
nl2br function, 452
NNTP extension, 495
notices, errors, 309
NULL data type, 31
number_format function, 452

O[ Top ]
ob_clean function, 307, 453
ob_end_clean function, 453
ob_end_flash function, 453
ob_flush function, 307, 453
ob_get_clean function, 453
ob_get_contents function, 307, 454
ob_get_flush function, 454
ob_get_length function, 307, 454
ob_get_level function, 454
ob_gzhandler function, 308, 454
ob_implicit_flush function, 454
ob_list_handlers function, 455
ob_start function, 306, 455
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE), 366
object-oriented programming (see OOP)
objects, 30, 144
      creating, 144
      functions, 378
      methods, 144
      properties, 144
octal numbers, 26
octdec function, 455
ODBC data sources
      Access, 374
      DSN configuration, 372
ODBC extension, 498
OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), 366
OOP (object-oriented programming), 30
      classes and, 30
opendir function, 455
openlog function, 455
openssl extension, 499
operators, 36
      arithmetic, 40
      assignment, 47
      associativity, 38
      autodecrement, 41
      autoincrement, 41
      bitwise, 43
      casting, 45
      comparison, 41
      implicit casting, 39
      logical, 45
      miscellaneous, 48
      operands, 38
      operator precedence, 38
      string concatenation, 40
Oracle extension, 499
ord function, 456
output buffering, 306-308
      error handlers, 312
output compression, 308
output control functions, 381
output_add_rewrite_var function, 456
output_reset_rewrite_vars function, 457
OvrimosSQL extension, 499

P[ Top ]
pack function, 457
padding arrays, 122
parameter handling, 342
      examples, 343-345
parameters, 63
      callback, 306
      forms and, 169
            automatic quoting, 170
            multivalued parameters, 175
            stick multivalued parameters, 177
      function parameters, 35
      functions
            default, 69
            missing, 71
            passing by reference, 68
            passing by value, 68
            variable, 70
parse errors, 309
parse_ini_file function, 458
parse_str function, 458
parse_url function, 97, 458
parsing XML, 264
      character data handler, 266
      default handler, 269
      DOM and, 277
      element handlers, 265
      entity handlers, 267
      errors, 271
      methods as handlers, 272
      processing instructions, 266
      sample application, 272-277
      SimpleXML and, 277
passing parameters
      by reference, 68
      by value, 68
passthru function, 458
pathinfo function, 459
pclose function, 459
PDFs
      cells, 248
      data, 258
      documents, 246
      example, 247
      extensions, 246
      images, 255
      initializing, 247
      tables, 258
      text
            attributes, 250
            coordinates, 248
            footers, 253
            headers, 253
PEAR DB, 196, 199
      DSN, 201
      error checking, 202
      protocols, 201
performance tuning, 313
      benchmarking, 315
      execution time, optimization, 317
      load balancing, 319
      memory requirements, optimization, 318
      MySQL replication, 319
      profiling, 316
      reverse-proxy cache, 318
Perl-compatible regular expressions, 98
      anchors, 107
      backreferences, 109
      character classes, 107
      conditional, 113
      cut, 112
      delimiters, 106
      functions, 113-117
      inline options, 110
      lookahead, 111
      lookbehind, 111
      matching, 107
      non-capturing groups, 109
      Perl regular expressions and, 118
      quantifiers, 108
      trailing options, 109
pfsockopen function, 459
PHP
      embedding, in web pages, 59-62
      evolution, announcement to newsgroup, 2
      growth of, 6
      history of, 2-6
PHP options/info functions, 382
php_ini_scanned_files function, 459
php_logo_guid function, 460
php_sapi_name function, 460
php_uname function, 460
phpcredits function, 460
phpinfo function, 10, 461
phpversion function, 461
pi function, 461
pixels, 227
placeholders in databases, 205
POP3 extension, 495
popen function, 461
portable code
      end-of-line, 364
      environment, 364
      external commands, 365
      mail and, 364
      platform definition, 363
      platform-specific extensions, 365
pos function, 462
POSIX expressions, 98
POSIX-style regular expressions
      anchors, 103
      character classes, 102
      functions, 103
      matching, 103
POST requests, 169
      idempotence, 169
PostgreSQL extension, 499
pow function, 462
precedence of operators, 38
preg_grep function, 117
preg_match function, 113
preg_match_all function, 117
preg_quote function, 117
preg_replace function, 115
preg_split function, 117
prepare( ) method, 206
prev function, 129, 462
print function, 462
      strings, 78
print_r function, 80, 462
printf function, 462
      format specifiers, 79
      strings, 78-80
      type specifiers, 79
printing, strings
      echo command, 78
      print function, 78
      print_r function, 80
      printf function, 78-80
      var_dump function, 80
processing forms
      file uploads, 179
      methods and, 168
      parameters, 169
            automatic quoting, 170
            multivalued, 175
            sticky multivalued, 177
      self-processing pages, 172
      sticky forms, 174
      validation, 180-182
profiling, 316
properties, 144
      accessing, 145-146
      declaring, 148
protocols, 201
pspell extension, 500
putenv function, 463
pval data type, 338

Q[ Top ]
quantifiers
      greedy, 108
      regular expressions, 100
            Perl-compatible, 108
queries, databases
      issuing, 202
      response details, 208
      results, 203
      row arrays, 204
      rows, 203
query( ) method, 202
query-strings, encoding, 87
quoted_printable_decode function, 463
quotemeta function, 464
quoting parameters automatically, 170

R[ Top ]
rad2deg function, 464
rand function, 464
range function, 464
range of values, assigning to arrays, 122
range function, 122
rawurldecode function, 87, 464
rawurlencode function, 86, 464
RDBMS (Relational Database Management System), 198
readdir function, 465
readfile function, 465
Readline extension, 500
readlink function, 465
realpath function, 465
Recode extension, 500
redirection, response headers, 183
reducing arrays, 131
references, 349
      passing parameters by, 68
      variable, 32
register_globals option, 165
register_globals directive, security and, 296
register_shutdown_function function, 465
register_tick_function function, 466
registering variables, 189
regular expressions, 97
      alternatives in, 100
      character classes, 99
      Perl-compatible, 98
            delimiters, 106
      POSIX, 98
      quantifiers, 100
      repeating sequences, 100
      subpatterns, 101
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), 198
Remote Procedure Call (see RPC)
rename function, 466
repeating sequences, regular expressions, 100
reporting errors, 309
reset function, 129, 466
resources, 30
      extensions, 356
response headers
      authentication, 184
      content types, 183
      expiration, 183
      redirections, 183
      setting, 182-185
responses to queries, details, 208
restore_error_handler function, 466
restore_exception_handler function, 466
restore_include_path function, 466
return statement, 57
return values, functions, 71
returning values, functions
      arrays, 346
      objects, 347
      simple types, 345
reverse-proxy cache, 318
reversing arrays, 137
rewind function, 467
rewinddir function, 467
Rich Site Summary (see RSS)
rmdir function, 467
rot13.c. file, skeleton extension, 326-330
round function, 467
row arrays, queries, 204
RPC (Remote Procedure Call), 366
rsort function, 134, 467
RSS (Rich Site Summary), 263
rtrim function, 82, 468

S[ Top ]
scaling images, 239
Schema, XML, 262
scope
      global, 34
      local, 33
      variables, 66
            global, 67
            static, 68
scripting
      command-line, 1
      embedding PHP and, 62
      server-side, 1
searches
      array values, 132
      strings, 95
            masks, 97
            position, 96
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 195
security, 285
      code, 299
      escape output, 290-293
      file access, 296-299
      filenames and, 292
      filtering input, 285-290
      session fixation, 294
      shell commands, 300
      SQL injection and, 288
      uploads
            browser-supplied filenames, 295
            filling filesystem, 295
            register_globals, 296
      XXS and, 293
SELECT statement (SQL), 199
self-processing pages, forms and, 172
semicolons, statements and, 19
SEPARATE_ZVAL( ) macro, 339
sequences, databases, 210
serialization, 159
serialize function, 160, 468
Server header, 165
servers, XML and, 281
server-side scripting, 1
session fixation, security, 294
session_destroy function, 190
session_start function, 190
session_unregister function, 190
sessions
      cookies and, combining, 194
      enabling, 190
      state and, 189
set_error_handler function, 311, 468
set_exception_handler function, 468
set_file_buffer function, 469
set_include_path function, 469
set_magic_quotes_runtime function, 469
set_time_limit function, 469
setcookie function, 186, 469
setlocale function, 470
setrawcookie function, 470
sets, arrays, 140
      union, 140
settype function, 470
SG (SAPI) Globals, 351
SGML, embedding PHP and, 61
sha1 function, 471
sha1_file function, 471
shell, 16
      commands, security, 300
shell_exe function, 471
shell-style comments, 20
shmop extension, 500
shortcuts in databases, 207
show_source function, 471
shuffle function, 138, 471
similar_text function, 471
SimpleXML, parsing XML, 277
sin function, 471
single-quoted strings, 75
sinh function, 472
size of arrays, 122
sizeof function, 122, 472
skeleton extension, 325
      rot13.c file, 326-330
sleep function, 472
slicing arrays, 124
SNMP extension, 500
socket_get_status function, 472
socket_set_blocking function, 472
socket_set_timeout function, 472
sockets extension, 501
sort function, 134, 473
sorting, arrays
      ascending order, 134
      descending order, 134
      multiple at once, 136
      natural order sort, 136
      one at a time, 133
      random order, 138
soundex function, 473
source code, downloading, 7, 322
split function, 105, 473
spliti function, 473
sprintf function, 473
SQL (Structured Query Language), 198
      DELETE statement, 198
      injection, security and, 288
      INSERT statement, 198
      SELECT statement, 199
      strings and, slashes, 87
      UPDATE statement, 199
sql_regcase function, 474
sqrt function, 474
srand function, 474
sscanf function, 95, 474
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 195
stacks, arrays, 141
standalone extensions, compiling, 330
stat function, 474
state
      cookies and, 186-189
      maintaining, 185-195
      sessions and, 189
statements
      declare, 56
      exit, 57
      flow-control, 49-57
      for, 54
      foreach, 56
      If, 49-51
      include, 57
      line breaks, 19
      return, 57
      semicolons and, 19
      switch, 51
      while, 52
      whitespace, 19
static variables, 34, 68
sticky forms, 174
storing cookies, 192-195
storing data in arrays, 120-123
str_ireplace function, 474
str_pad function, 475
str_repeat function, 475
str_replace function, 475
str_rot13 function, 475
str_shuffle function, 476
str_split function, 476
str_word_count function, 476
strcasecmp function, 476
strchr function, 476
strcmp function, 477
strcoll function, 477
strcspn function, 97, 477
strftime function, 477
strings, 27
      Boolean values, 28
      case, changing, 83
      characters, 82
      cleaning, 82
      comparing
            approximate equality, 90
            exact, 89
      concatenation operator, 40
      C-string encoding, 88
      decomposing
            exploding, 94
            imploding, 94
            tokenizing, 94
      entity-quoting HTML syntax characters, 84
      entity-quoting special characters, 84
      heredocs, 76
      HTML tags, removing, 86
      miscellaneous functions, 93
      printing
            echo command, 78
            print function, 78
            print_r function, 80
            printf function, 78-80
            var_dump function, 80
      query-strings, encoding, 87
      searches, 95
            masks, 97
            position, 96
      single-quoted, 75
      SQL and, slashes, 87
      substrings, 91
      whitespace, removing, 82
strip_tags function, 86, 479
stripcslashes function, 478
stripos function, 479
stripslashes function, 87, 478
stristr function, 479
strlen function, 82, 479
strnatcasecmp function, 479
strnatcmp function, 480
strncasecmp function, 480
strncmp function, 480
strpbrk function, 480
strpos function, 96, 480
strrchr function, 481
strrev function, 481
strripos function, 481
strrpos function, 481
strspn function, 97, 481
strstr function, 96, 481
strtok function, 482
strtolower function, 83, 482
strtotime function, 482
strtoupper function, 83, 482
strtr function, 483
Structured Query Language (see SQL)
strval function, 483
subclasses, 144
subpatterns, regular expressions, 101
substr function, 91, 483
substr_compare function, 483
substr_count function, 483
substr_replace function, 92
substrings, 91
subtraction operator (-), 40
sum of an array, 139
superclasses, 144
suppressing errors, 310
switch statement, 51
Sybase extension, 501
symbol table
      memory management and, 35
      reference count and, 35
symlink function, 484
syslog function, 484
system function, 484
System V Semaphore extension, 501

T[ Top ]
tables, PDFs, 258
tags, 262
tan function, 484
tanh function, 485
templating systems, 303-306
tempnam function, 485
testing extensions, 332
text
      images and, 232
            fonts, 233
            TrueType fonts, 234
      PDFs
            attributes, 250
            coordinates, 248
            footers, 253
            headers, 253
text representation of images, 244
tidy extension, 501
time function, 485
time_nanosleep function, 485
tmpfile function, 485
tokenizing strings, 94
touch function, 485
trailing options, Perl-compatible regular expressions, 109
transactions, databases, 210
trigger_error function, 310, 486
triggering errors, 310
trim function, 82, 486
true color
      color indexes, 243
      formats, 228
type juggling, 39
type specifiers, printf function, 79

U[ Top ]
uasort function, 486
ucfirst function, 486
ucwords function, 486
uksort function, 486
umask function, 487
Unicode data, XML, 269
uniqid function, 487
unlink function, 487
unpack function, 487
unparsed entities, XML, 267, 268
unregister_tick_function function, 487
unserialize function, 160, 487
unset function, 488
UPDATE statement (SQL), 199
uploads
      forms and, 179
      security
            browser-supplied filenames, 295
            filling filesystem, 295
            register_globals, 296
urldecode function, 87, 488
urlencode function, 87, 488
URLs
      decoding, 86
      decomposing, 97
      encoding, 86
user_error function, 488
User-Agent header, 165
usleep function, 488
usort function, 134, 488

V[ Top ]
validating forms, 180-182
values
      arrays
            multiple values, 123
            ranges, assigning, 122
            searches, 132
      function return values, 71
      passing parameters by, 68
      returning from functions
            arrays, 346
            objects, 347
            simple types, 345
var_dump function, 80, 489
var_export function, 489
variable functions, 72
variable interpolation, 74
      double-quoted strings, 76
variable scope, 66
variables, 32
      creating, 353
            from arrays, 127
      creating arrays from, 128
      declaring, 32
      function parameters, 35
      global, 67
      names, identifiers, 23
      parameters, 70
      references, 32
      registration, 189
      scope
            global, 34, 67
            local, 33
            static, 68
      static, 34, 68
      variable, 32
      web, 165
Verisign Payflow Pro extension, 499
version_compare function, 489
vprintf function, 489
vsprintf function, 489

W[ Top ]
warnings, errors, 309
WDDX extension, 501
web services, XML and, 280
while statement, 52
whitespace
      statements and, 19
      strings, removing from, 82
Windows
      PHP configuration, 359-363
      PHP installation, 359-363
Word documents, COM, 368-371
wordwrap function, 489

X[ Top ]
XML (Extemsible Markup Language), 261
      case folder, 270
      character encoding, 269
      clients, 283
      documents
            ad hoc, 262
            DTD, 262
            Schema, 262
      dynamic, RSS, 263
      elements, 261
      embedding PHP and, 59
      entities
            external, 267
            unparsed, 268
      entity handlers, 267
      generating, 263
      parser creation, 270
      parsing, 264
            character data handler, 266
            default handler, 269
            DOM and, 277
            element handlers, 265
            entity handlers, 267
            errors, 271
            methods as handlers, 272
            processing instructions, 266
            sample application, 272-277
            SimpleXML and, 277
      processing instructions, 262
      servers and, 281
      Unicode data, 269
      web services and, 280
      well-formed documents, 262
XML Parser extension, 501
xml_get_error_code function, 271
xml_parse function, 271
xml_parser_create function, 270
xml_set_character_data_handler function, 266
xml_set_default_handler function, 269
xml_set_element_handler function, 265
xml_set_processing_instruction_handler function, 266
XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations), 278-280
XXS (cross-site scripting), security and, 293

Y[ Top ]
YAZ extension, 502
YP/NIS extension, 502

Z[ Top ]
zend_logo_guid function, 490
zend_version function, 490
zlib compression extension, 502
zval data type, 338
      MAKE_STD_ZVAL( ) macro, 339
      SEPARATE_ZVAL( ) macro, 339
      zval_copy_ctor function, 340
zval_copy_ctor function, 340