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 Preface

      How This Book is Organized 

      Chapter by Chapter 

      Notes on the Third Edition 

      Font Conventions 

      Obtaining Source Code 

      Comments and Questions 

      Acknowledgments 

      Acknowledgments to the Third Edition 
 I. Basics
1. What Is C?

      How Programming Works 

      Brief History of C 

      How C Works 

      How to Learn C 
2. Basics of Program Writing

      Programs from Conception to Execution 

      Creating a Real Program 

      Creating a Program Using a Command-Line Compiler 

      Creating a Program Using an Integrated Development Environment 

      Getting Help on UNIX 

      Getting Help in an Integrated Development Environment 

      IDE Cookbooks 

      Programming Exercises 
3. Style 

      Common Coding Practices 

      Coding Religion 

      Indentation and Code Format 

      Clarity 

      Simplicity 

      Summary 
4. Basic Declarations and Expressions

      Elements of a Program 

      Basic Program Structure 

      Simple Expressions 

      Variables and Storage 

      Variable Declarations 

      Integers 

      Assignment Statements 

      printf Function 

      Floating Point 

      Floating Point Versus Integer Divide 

      Characters 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
5. Arrays, Qualifiers, and Reading Numbers

      Arrays 

      Strings 

      Reading Strings 

      Multidimensional Arrays 

      Reading Numbers 

      Initializing Variables 

      Types of Integers 

      Types of Floats 

      Constant Declarations 

      Hexadecimal and Octal Constants 

      Operators for Performing Shortcuts 

      Side Effects 

      ++x or x++ 

      More Side-Effect Problems 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
6. Decision and Control Statements 

      if Statement 

      else Statement 

      How Not to Use strcmp 

      Looping Statements 

      while Statement 

      break Statement 

      continue Statement 

      Assignment Anywhere Side Effect 

      Answer 

      Programming Exercises 
7. Programming Process

      Setting Up 

      Specification 

      Code Design 

      Prototype 

      Makefile 

      Testing 

      Debugging 

      Maintenance 

      Revisions 

      Electronic Archaeology 

      Marking Up the Program 

      Using the Debugger 

      Text Editor as a Browser 

      Add Comments 

      Programming Exercises 
 II. Simple Programming
8. More Control Statements

      for Statement 

      switch Statement 

      switch, break, and continue 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
9. Variable Scope and Functions

      Scope and Class 

      Functions 

      Functions with No Parameters 

      Structured Programming 

      Recursion 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
10. C Preprocessor 

      #define Statement 

      Conditional Compilation 

      include Files 

      Parameterized Macros 

      Advanced Features 

      Summary 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
11. Bit Operations 

      Bit Operators 

      The and Operator (&) 

      Bitwise or (|) 

      The Bitwise Exclusive or (^) 

      The Ones Complement Operator (Not) (~) 

      The Left- and Right-Shift Operators (<<, >>) 

      Setting, Clearing, and Testing Bits 

      Bitmapped Graphics 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
12. Advanced Types

      Structures 

      Unions 

      typedef 

      enum Type 

      Casting 

      Bit Fields or Packed Structures 

      Arrays of Structures 

      Summary 

      Programming Exercises 
13. Simple Pointers

      Pointers as Function Arguments 

      const Pointers 

      Pointers and Arrays 

      How Not to Use Pointers 

      Using Pointers to Split a String 

      Pointers and Structures 

      Command-Line Arguments 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers 
14. File Input/Output

      Conversion Routines 

      Binary and ASCII Files 

      The End-of-Line Puzzle 

      Binary I/O 

      Buffering Problems 

      Unbuffered I/O 

      Designing File Formats 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
15. Debugging and Optimization

      Debugging 

      Interactive Debuggers 

      Debugging a Binary Search 

      Runtime Errors 

      The Confessional Method of Debugging 

      Optimization 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
16. Floating Point

      Floating-Point Format 

      Floating Addition/Subtraction 

      Multiplication 

      Division 

      Overflow and Underflow 

      Roundoff Error 

      Accuracy 

      Minimizing Roundoff Error 

      Determining Accuracy 

      Precision and Speed 

      Power Series 

      Programming Exercises 
 III. Advanced Programming Concepts
17. Advanced Pointers

      Pointers and Structures 

      free Function 

      Linked List 

      Structure Pointer Operator 

      Ordered Linked Lists 

      Double-Linked Lists 

      Trees 

      Printing a Tree 

      Rest of Program 

      Data Structures for a Chess Program 

      Answers 

      Programming Exercises 
18. Modular Programming 

      Modules 

      Public and Private 

      The extern Modifier 

      Headers 

      The Body of the Module 

      A Program to Use Infinite Arrays 

      The Makefile for Multiple Files 

      Using the Infinite Array 

      Dividing a Task into Modules 

      Module Division Example: Text Editor 

      Compiler 

      Spreadsheet 

      Module Design Guidelines 

      Programming Exercises 
19. Ancient Compilers

      K&R-Style Functions 

      Library Changes 

      Missing Features 

      Free/Malloc Changes 

      lint 

      Answers 
20. Portability Problems

      Modularity 

      Word Size 

      Byte Order Problem 

      Alignment Problem 

      NULL Pointer Problem 

      Filename Problems 

      File Types 

      Summary 

      Answers 
21. C's Dustier Corners 

      do/while 

      goto 

      The ?:  Construct 

      The , Operator 

      volatile Qualifier 

      Answer 
22. Putting It All Together 

      Requirements 

      Specification 

      Code Design 

      Coding 

      Functional Description 

      Expandability 

      Testing 

      Revisions 

      A Final Warning 

      Program Files 

      Programming Exercises 
23. Programming Adages 

      General 

      Design 

      Declarations 

      switch Statement 

      Preprocessor 

      Style 

      Compiling 

      Final Note 

      Answer 
 IV. Other Language Features
A. ASCII Table
B. Ranges and Parameter Passing Conversions
C. Operator Precedence Rules
D. A Program to Compute a Sine Using a Power Series
 Glossary
 Index