O’Reilly Verlag

• 
  • Weitere Informationen zu diesem Buch:

    Inhaltsverzeichnis | Index | Probekapitel | Kolophon | Rezensionen |
    

Symbols[ Top ]
{ } (braces)
      grouping statements in bc, 62
      metacharacter in pattern matching, 698
      sed editor, nesting command addresses, 758
[ ] (brackets)
      [[ ]] command, bash and ksh, 652
      array index in bc, 62
      enclosing character classes, 699
      metacharacter in pattern matching, 698
      optional elements in syntax descriptions, xiv
\( \) metacharacters, enclosing subpatterns, 698
( ) (parentheses)
      escaped, 155
      grouping in regular expression pattern matching, 699
      in bc expressions, 62
      shell patterns, 655
" " (quotation marks, double)
      metacharacters for pattern matching and filename expansion, 698
      quoting in bash and ksh, 629
' ' (quotation marks, single)
      metacharacters for pattern matching and filename expansion, 698
      quoting in bash and ksh, 629
${ - } syntax, referencing arrays, 641
& (ampersand)
      && AND operator, 643, 775
      &= assignment operator, 644
      AND operator, 643
      ex command, 753
      metacharacter in replacement patterns, 699
* (asterisk)
      *= assignment operator, 644, 775
      ** exponentiation operator, 643, 775
      metacharacter, 698
      multiplication operator, 643, 775
@ (at), ex command, 753
\ (backslash)
      escaping metacharacters, 698
      quoting in bash and ksh, 629
\", beginning of an Emacs buffer, 699
^ (caret)
      ^= assignment operator, 644, 775
      exclusive OR operator, 643
      exponentiation operator, 775
      metacharacter in pattern matching
            beginning of line assertion, 698
            inverting character class, 698
: (colon)
      bash and ksh command, 651
      ex editor, 721
      sed command, 760
, (comma) operator, 644
$ (dollar sign)
      execute macro command, ftp, 165
      field reference operator, 775
      metacharacter, 698
      prompt, bash and ksh commands, 651
. (dot) command, bash and ksh, 652
. (dot) files, 803
. (dot), metacharacter, 698
\', end of an Emacs buffer, 699
= (equal sign)
      = = equality operator, 643, 775
      assignment operator, 644, 775
      ex command, 753
      sed command, 760
! (exclamation mark)
      != inequality operator, 643, 775
      !~ regular expression nonmatch, 775
      ex command, 752
      ftp command, 165
      negating a pipeline, ksh, 651
      negation in sed, 757
      negation operator, 643
# (hash mark)
      #! command, in shell scripts, 651
      comments in awk, 781
      comments in sed, 760
      comments in shell scripts, 651
      .#file.revision, 803
- (hyphen)
      -= assignment operator, 644, 775
      - - auto-decrement operator, 643, 775
      in character ranges, 698
      metamail command arguments, 288
      negation operator, 643
      subtraction operator, 643, 775
      tag names, 825
< (left angle bracket)
      <<= assignment operator, 644
      << bitwise shift operator, 643
      <= less than or equal operator, 643, 775
      ex command, 753
      less than operator, 643, 775
% (percent)
      %= assignment operator, 644, 775
      diff, format strings for, 820
      metacharacter in replacement patterns, 699
      modulus operator, 643, 775
      prompt, xiv
+ (plus sign)
      += assignment operator, 644, 775
      ++ auto-increment operator, 643, 775
      addition operator, 643, 775
      metacharacter in pattern matching, 698
      unary operator, 643
? (question mark)
      ?: inline conditional evaluation, 644, 775
      ??, printed by addr2line, 37
      ftp help command, 170
      metacharacter in pattern matching, 699
      regular expression pattern matching and filename expansion, 698
> (right angle bracket)
      >>= assignment operator, 644
      >> bitwise shift operator, 643
      >= greater than or equal operator, 643, 775
      ex command, 753
      greater than operator, 643, 775
; (semicolon), ;& instead of ;; ending ksh case, 655
/ (slash)
      /* */, enclosing bc comments, 62
      /= assignment operator, 644, 775
      division operator, 643, 775
~ (tilde)
      ~ !~ match regular expression and negation, 775
      mail formatting escape sequences, 273
      metacharacter in replacement patterns, 699
      negation operator, 643
      regular expression match operator, 775
      shell variables, CVS, 812
      ssh escape characters, 433
_ (underscores)
      tag names, 825
| (vertical bar)
      |= assignment operator, 644
      |& operator, two-way pipe to another process, 778
      || OR operator, 644, 775
| (continued)
      alternation in pattern matching, 699
      multiple patterns separated by, 655
      OR operator, 643
      in syntax descriptions, xiv

A[ Top ]
a command (sed), 761
abbreviate command (ex), 741
abbreviation of words, Emacs, 709
accept command, 33
access command, 33
access mode, changing for files, 86
account command (ftp), 165
acipd daemon, 36
aclocal command, 33
aconnect command, 34
acpi command, 34
acpi_available command, 35
add command
      cvs, 813
      svn, 852
addresses command, 37
addresses for ex commands, 739
addresses for sed commands, 757
ADF (automatic document feeder), controlling scanners, 399
admin command (CVS), 813-816
administration, 5
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), 34
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (see ALSA)
Advanced Package Tool, 45
Advanced Power Management (see APM and related commands)
agents, ssh, 436
agetty command, 37
alias command, 652
      lftp, 246
aliases
      bash and ksh commands, 650
      for commands, 695
      printing current sendmail aliases, 354
      rebuilding mail aliases database, 328
alnum character class, 699
alpha character class, 699
ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture), 38
      mixer, 39
      playing MIDI files, 42
      playing sound files with aplay, 41
      raw MIDI files, reading/writing, 39
      recording MIDI files, 46
      recording sound, 46
alsactl command, 38
alsamixer command, 39
Alt key, used for Emacs Meta, 705
Alt-F1 through F12, 90
Alt-F7, 90
amidi command, 39
anacron command, 41
and function (gawk), 781
annotate command (CVS), 816
anon command (lftp), 246
ANSI/VT100 emulation, 402-407
Apache web server, 3
      user authentication files, updating, 208
aplay command, 41
aplaymidi command, 42
APM (Advanced Power Management), 34
      GRUB displayapm command, 558
apm command, 42
apmd command, 43
append command (ex), 741
append command, ftp, 165
apropos command, 45
apt command, 45
apt-cache command (Debian), 597-600
apt-cdrom command (Debian), 600
apt-config command (Debian), 601
apt-extracttemplates command (Debian), 601
apt-ftparchive command (Debian), 602-603
apt-get command (Debian), 571, 603-607
aptitude command (Debian), 607-610
apt-sortpkgs command (Debian), 607
ar command, 45
arch command, 46
Arch (source code management system), 796
archives
      copying with cpio, 94-97
      creating and restoring (tar), 458-463
      generating indexes for, 368
      maintenance (ar), 45
      (see also file compression)
arecord command, 46
args command (ex), 741
arguments (command), reading from standard input, 513
arithmetic (arbitrary-precision), with bc, 59
arithmetic expressions, bash and ksh, 643, 672
arithmetic operators, 643
      bc program, 62
      expr command, 144
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 21
      arp command, 47
      ifconfig and, 211
arrays
      assigning in awk, 775
      in operator (awk), 775
      Korn shell, 640
      RAID device, 306
as command, 48
ascii command (ftp), 166
asort function (gawk), 781
asorti function (gawk), 781
ASs (autonomous systems), 23
assembly language, generation of object files, 48
assignment operators
      awk, 775
      bash and ksh shells, 644
      bc program, 62
associative arrays, 641, 776
at (@) command (ex), 753
at command, 49
      batch command, 58
      lftp, 246
at.allow file, 49
atan2 function (awk), 781
atd command, 51
at.deny file, 49
atomic commits (Subversion), 841
atrm command, 51
attributes, file (see file attributes)
attributes, terminal, setting, 419-421
audio media commands, 9
audiosend command, 51
aumix command, 52
authentication keys for ssh, 436
author command (svnlook), 881
autoconf command, 52
autoheader command, 53
autoload command (ksh), 653
automake command, 54
automatic document feeder (ADF), controlling scanners with, 399
autoreconf command, 55
autoscan command, 56
autoupdate command, 56
awk programming language, 769-791
      command-line syntax, 770
            gawk options, 771
            standard options, 771
      functions and commands
            group listing, 780
            listed by name, 781-789
      implementation limits, 780
      operators, 775
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
      patterns and procedures, 772-774
            examples, 773
      searching with regular expressions, 701
      source code, URLs for, 791
      variable and array assignment, 775
      variables, built-in, 774
      (see also gawk programming language)

B[ Top ]
b command (sed), 761
\B (interword match), 699
\b (word boundary) escape sequence, 699
backups
      magnetic tape drive, 319-323
      performing with dump command, 130
bad blocks
      checking MS-DOS filesystems for, 285
bad login attempts, displaying, 232
badblocks command, 57
banner command, 58
basename command, 58
bash (Bourne-Again shell), 6, 58, 623-696
      arithmetic expressions, 643
      built-in commands, 651-696
      command execution, 650
      command history, 644-646
            programmable completion, 646-649
      features, 624
bash (continued)
      functions, 633
      invoking, 625-626
            arguments, 626
            common options, 625
      job control, 649
      setting restrictions on, 650
      syntax, 626-632
            command forms, 630
            filename metacharacters, 627
            quoting, 628
            redirection, 630
            startup files, 627
      variables, 634-643
            arrays, 640
            built-in, 636-638
            other, 638
            special prompt strings, 642
batch command, 58
bc program, 59-63
      examples, 63
      function keywords, 61
      identifiers, 59
      input-output keywords, 60
      math library functions, 62
      operators and symbols, 62
      statement keywords, 60
bdelete command (ex), 741
bell command (ftp), 166
Berkeley C shell (csh), 623
Berkeley Software Distribution (see BSD)
bg command, 649, 654
biff command, 63
binary command (ftp), 166
binary files, encoding in ASCII (uuencode), 497
BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain), 24
bind command (bash), 653
BIND DNS server, sending commands to via TCP, 385
binder process, NIS (ypbind), 519
bindtextdomain function (gawk), 781
biod daemon, 28
bison command, 63
blame command (svn), 852
blank character class, 699
block files, 305
blocklist command (GRUB), 557
blocks
      bad, checking MS-DOS filesystems for, 285
      bad, searching device for, 57
      printing information about with dumpe2fs, 132
Boleyn, Erich, 544
bookmark command (lftp), 246
boot command (GRUB), 558
boot loaders, 532, 533
      chainloaders, 544
      GRUB, 544-563
      init command, running, 214
      LILO, 534-544
boot methods, 4, 532
boot process, 533
boot sector, 533
booting, reboot command, 376
bootp command (GRUB), 553
boot-time kernel options, 566-568
Bourne shell, 623
Bourne-Again shell (see bash)
branches, development, 793, 840
      efficient branching with Subversion, 841
branching commands (sed), 760
break command, 654
      awk, 782
broadcast messaging (wall), 501
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution), ix
      license for Linux tools, 7
      system and network administration tools, 4
buffer command (ex), 741
buffers, 705
      Emacs, 705
            commands for, 709
      Emacs, beginning and end of, 699
buffers command (ex), 742
builtin command
      bash, 654
      ksh, 654
bye command (ftp), 166
bzcmp command, 64
bzdiff command, 64
bzgrep command, 64
bzip2 command, 65
bzless command, 66
bzmore command, 66

C[ Top ]
c command (sed), 761
C and C++
      C language preprocessor, 97-103
      debugging with gdb, 179-182
      #define statements, generating template file of, 53
      gcc compiler, 172
      invoking gcc so it recognizes C++, 172
      m4 command (C), 265
      macro processor for C, 265
c++ command, 66
C shell (csh), 6, 623
cache command (lftp), 246
caching font information, for fontconfig, 147
cal command, 67
caller command (bash), 656
canceling commands, Emacs, 708
cardctl command, 67
cardmgr command, 68
carriage returns
      cr command (ftp), 166
case command
      ftp, 166
case, Emacs commands for, 709
case shell keyword, 655
cat (concatenate) command, 69
      GRUB, 558
      svn, 853
      svnlook, 881
cc command, 70
CCVSROOT variables, 811-812
cd command, 656
      ex, 742
      ftp, 166
cdda2wav command, 70-73
cdparanoia command, 73-75
cdrdao command, 75-78
cdrecord command, 78-81
      device argument, 80
      general options, 78-80
CD-ROM volume names, displaying (volname), 500
CDs
      bootable, difficulties of making, 533
      readcd command, 372
cdup command (ftp), 166
center command (ex), 742
centering commands, Emacs, 711
cfdisk command, 81
c++filt command, 66
chage command, 83
chainloader command (GRUB), 545, 558
chainloaders, 544
chains, 27
change command (ex), 742
changed command (svnlook), 882
channels, 590
character classes, 628, 699
character encoding conversions (iconv), 209
character files, 305
character order, reversing on lines of a file, 380
characters, translating, 482-484
chattr command, 83
check in, check out, 793, 840
check out with locking model, source code management, 794
checkout command
      cvs, 817
      svn, 854
checksums
      calculating for files with sum, 453
      MD5, computing or checking, 286
      SHA1, computing or checking, 422
check-update command (yum), 587
chfn command, 84
chgrp command, 85
chkconfig command, 85
chmod command, 86
      ftp, 166
chown command, 88
chpasswd command, 88
chroot command, 89
chrt command, 89
chsh command, 89
chvt command, 90
cksum command, 90
classes, character, 628, 699
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), 23
clean command (yum), 587
cleanup command (svn), 855
clear command, 90
clients (NIS), setting up, 31
client/server model for source code storage, 794
clock commands, 13
clock, setting (hwclock), 208
close command
      ftp, 166
      lftp, 247
close command (ex), 742
close function (awk), 782
cmp command, 90
      GRUB, 558
cntrl character class, 699
Codeville (source code management system), 796
col command, 90
colcrt command, 91
color command (GRUB), 553
color options for ls, 123
colrm command, 91
column command, 91
columned version of text files, 352
comm command, 92
command command, 656
      lftp, 247
command execution, bash and ksh, 650
command history
      bash and ksh shells, 644
            common editing keystrokes, 645
            fc and hist commands, 645
            line-edit mode, 645
command mode (vi), 724
command-line tools, 5
commands
      aliases for, 652, 695
      awk programming language
            listed by group, 780
            listed by name, 781-789
      bash and ksh shells, 651-696
            execution, 650
            job control, 649
            syntax, 630
      CVS, 813-838
      Debian Package Manager, 597-622
      Emacs, 705-719
            buffer manipulation, 709
            capitalization, 709
            centering, 711
            Ctrl and Meta keys, 705
            Ctrl-key, 712-714
            cursor movement, 707
            deletion, 708
            essential, 706
            file handling, 706
            help, 711
            indentation, 710
            listed by name, 715-719
            macro, 711
            Meta-key, 715
            paragraphs and regions, 708
            search, 709
            special shell characters, 710
            stopping and undoing, 708
            transposition, 708
            window, 710
            word abbreviation, 709
      ex editor, listed alphabetically, 740-753
      executing as superuser (sudo), 452
      executing at specified time, 49
      executing with arguments from standard input (xargs), 513
      executing with doexec, 128
      GRUB, 553-563
      Linux, 4, 32
            beginner's guide, 7-12
      listing pathnames of executed files (which), 510
      running repeatedly (watch), 502
      sed editor, 756-768
            alphabetical summary, 760-768
            basic editing, 759
            branching, 760
            I/O processing, 759
            line information, 759
            multiline input processing, 760
            syntax, 756-758
            yanking and putting, 759
      Subversion svn client, 852-876
      svnadmin, 876-880
      svnlook, 881-885
      svnserve, 885
      system administration, 13-19
      vi editor, 724-735
            accessing multiple files, 732
            edit, 730
            insert, 729
            interaction with system, 733
            macros, 734
            miscellaneous, 734
            movement, 726-729
            saving and exiting, 732
            status-line, 726
            syntax, 724
            window, 732
      yum, 587-590
comments
      awk language, 781
      bash and ksh shells, 651
      bc program, 62
      sed editor, 760
commit command
      cvs, 818
      svn, 855
commits, atomic, 841
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS), 107
      configuring printer queues, 258
      lpr command, 260
communication commands, 7
comparison commands, 8
      bzcmp, 64
      bzdiff, 64
      cmp, 90
      comm, 92
      diff, 118-120
      diff3, 120
compgen command (bash), 646, 657
compilers
      bc, 59
      gcc, 172
      preprocessor for C (cpp), 97-103
      yacc, 518
compl function (gawk), 782
complete command (bash), 646, 657-659
completion facilities (bash), 646-649
comp.os.linux newsgroups, xii
compress command, 92
compression (see file compression)
concatenate commands
      cat, 69
      mcat, 285
Concurrent Versions System (see CVS)
configfile command (GRUB), 558
configuration files
      chkconfig command, 85
      rpm command, 574
      scanning with autoscan, 56
      updating with autopupdate, 56
      vi, 721
      yum, 586
configuration scripts
      generating with autoconf, 52
      updating with autoreconf, 55
conflicts, source code documents, 794, 840
continue command, 659
      awk, 782
Convert Compact Disc Digital Audio (CDDA), 70-73
coprocesses
      awk, 778
      Korn shell, 632
copy command
      ex, 742
      svn, 856
copy, modify, merge development model
      CVS and Subversion, 794
      Subversion, 840
copyleft, 7
cos function (awk), 782
country codes, top-level domains, 26
country-specific settings, displaying, 250
cp command, 93
cpio command, 94-97
cpp command, 97, 97-103
      directives, 102-103
      special names, 101
CPU usage for processes, 477-481
cr command (ftp), 166
create command (svnadmin), 877
cron jobs
      anacron command, 41
      removing old files in /tmp directory, 477
crond command, 103
crontab command, 103
csh (Berkeley C shell), 623
csplit command, 104
CSSC (free clone of SCCS), 796
ctags command, 106
Ctrl-key commands (Emacs), 705, 712-714
Ctrl-Z, suspending foreground jobs, 649
CUPS (see Common UNIX Printing System)
cupsd command, 19, 107
current working directory, identifying with pwd, 364
cursor, Emacs, 705
cursor-movement commands, Emacs, 707
cut and paste (Emacs), 705
cut command, 107
cvs command, 108
CVS (Concurrent Versions System), 4, 6, 108, 795, 798-838
      command-line syntax and options, 800-803
      commands, alphabetical summary, 813-838
      conceptual overview, 798-800
            CVS wrappers, 799
            stickiness, 799
      copy, modify, merge model, 794
      dates and times, 808-811
            legal date formats, 808
            legal date keywords, 809
            time zones, 810
      dot files, 803
      environment variables, 804-806
            client, 804
            server, 805
      keywords and keyword modes, 806-808
CVSEDITOR internal variable, 812
.cvsignore file, 803
.cvspass file, 803
.cvsrc file, 803
CVSROOT variables
      internal, 812
      shell variables in CVSROOT files, 812
CVS_USER environment variable, 812
.cvswrappers file, 803
cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs), performing, 90

D[ Top ]
D command (sed), 762
d command (sed), 762
daemons
      commands, 13
      defined, 19
      NFS daemons, 28
      routing daemons, 24
      xinetd, 515-518
DAO (disk-at-once) mode, 75
database maps for use by sendmail, 281
databases, searching for specified key, 182
date keywords (CVS), 809
dates and times
      cal command, 67
      CVS, 808-811
            legal date formats, 808
            legal date keywords, 809
            time zones, 810
      date command, 108-110
            formats, 109
            strings for setting the date, 110
            svnlook, 882
      displaying time zone information (zdump), 527
      executing commands, 49
      rdate command, 369
      setting hardware clock, 208
      tcpslice command, 466
      time command, 475, 690
      time conversion information files, 527-530
      times command, 690
      units of time for sleep command, 427
dbm files, 30
      creating (makedbm), 280
dcgettext function (gawk), 782
dcngettext function (gawk), 782
dd command, 111-112
deallocvt command, 112
Debian package management system, 5
      apt command, 45
Debian Package Manager, 594-622
      commands, 597-622
      files, 594
      package flags, 596
      package priorities, 595
      package/selection states, 595
      shell and Perl scripts, 596
debug command
      ftp, 166
      GRUB, 558
debugfs command, 112-115
debugging tools
      addr2line, 37
      gdb program, 179-182
      gprof, 190-192
      patch command, 344-347
declare command (bash), 660
decryption, GPG commands, 186
#define statements (C), generating template file from, 53
delete command
      awk, 782
      ex, 742
      ftp, 166
      svn, 857
deletion commands (Emacs), 708
deltify command (svnadmin), 877
dependencies, 569
depmod command, 115
desktop environments, 4
      GNOME, 7
Desktop Link Protocol (DLP) shell, 124
devdump command, 116
development versions (Subversion), 844
device command (GRUB), 553
devices
      elevator algorithm for I/O activities, 137
      formatting as MS-DOS filesystem, 293
      hard disks as, 533
df command, 117
dhcp command (GRUB), 554
diff command, 118-120
      cvs, 819-821
      svn, 858-860
      svnlook, 882
diff3 command, 120
differences between files
      consistent data handling in Subversion, 841
      rdiff command, 830
      sdiff command, 407
      zdiff command, 527
dig command, 25, 26, 121
      query options, 122
digit character class, 699
dir command, 123
      ftp, 166
dircolors command, 123
directives
      cpp, 102-103
      gcc pragma directives, 179
      logrotate, 254
directories
      changing (cd), 656
      changing on MS-DOS, 285
      creating (mkdir), 292
      creating on MS-DOS filesystem, 307
      deleting with rmdir, 384
      displaying verbosely (vdir), 497
      identifying current working directory with pwd, 364
      listing contents on MS-DOS, 287
      listing contents with ls, 261-264
      lost+found, 305
      moving or renaming with mv, 324-325
      MS-DOS
            deleting, 318
            moving or renaming, 308
            renaming, 318
directory versioning (Subversion), 840
dirname command, 123
dirs command (bash), 660
dirs-changed command (svnlook), 882
disable command, 123
discipline functions (ksh93), 641
disconnect command (ftp), 166
disk space available, 117
disk usage
      auditing and correcting quota information, 365
      displaying space allowed for user or group, 365
      displaying with du, 129
      generating report on with repquota, 377
      quota enforcement, turning off, 366
      quota enforcement, turning on, 366
      RAM disk, 367
disk usage, displaying on MS-DOS, 287
disk-at-once (DAO) mode, 75
disks
      checking and repairing with e2fsck, 133
      fdisk command, 148
disown command
      bash, 661
      ksh93, 661
displayapm command (GRUB), 558
displaymem command (GRUB), 558
distribution client for files, 370-372
distribution server for files, starting, 372
distributions, 3
dlpsh command, 124
dmesg command, 124
DNS (Domain Name Service), 24
      domain name server (named), 325
      querying servers with dig, 121
dnsdomainname command, 124
dnssec-keygen command, 125
dnssec-makekeyset command, 126
dnssec-signkey command, 126
dnssec-signzone command, 127
do command (awk), 783
do shell keyword, 661
document formatting commands
      groff, 194-196
      gs, 198
documentation, accessing
      info command, 213
      manpath command, 284
      whatis command, 509
doexec command, 128
domain names, 25
      researching (whois), 512
domainname command, 30, 31, 128
domains, 24
      NIS, 30
done shell keyword, 661
DOS 8.3 filenames, 305
dosfsck command, 128
dot files, 803
dpkg command (Debian), 571, 611-616
dpkg-deb command (Debian), 571, 616-617
dpkg-query command (Debian), 617
dpkg-split command (Debian), 618
dselect command (Debian), 571, 620-621
du (disk usage) command, 129
dual booting, 532
      Linux and Windows NT/2000/XP, 563-566
dual-boot system, 5
dump command, 130
      GRUB, 559
      svnadmin, 878
dumpe2fs command, 132
dumpkeys command, 132

E[ Top ]
e command (sed), 762
\E in replacement patterns, 700
\e in replacement patterns, 700
e2fsck command, 133
e2image command, 134
e2label command, 134
echo command, 135
      bash, 661
      ksh, 662
ed editor, 721
      metacharacters in replacement patterns, 701
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
      searching with regular expressions, 701
edit command
      CVS, 821
      ex, 743
edit commands, vi editor, 730
      copying and moving, 731
editing keystrokes (common), bash and ksh, 645
editing, sed commands for, 759
EDITOR internal variable (cvs), 812
editors, 6, 720-753
      Emacs, 704-719
      ex, 144, 739-753
      sed, 409, 754-768
      vi, 497, 720-738
      vim, 498
editors command (CVS), 822
edquota command, 135
egrep command, 136
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
      regular expressions, 701
eject command, 136
ELF (Executable and Linking Format)
      displaying information about object files, 374
elvis text editor, 720
elvtune command, 137
Emacs editor, 6, 704-719
      beginning of a buffer (\"), 699
      buffers, 705
      command-line syntax, 706
      commands, 705-719
            buffer manipulation, 709
            captialization, 709
            centering, 711
            Ctrl-key, 712-714
            cursor movement, 707
            deletion, 708
            essential, 706
            file handling, 706
            help, 711
            indentation, 710
            listed by name, 715-719
            macro commands, 711
            Meta-key, 715
            paragraphs and regions, 708
            search, 709
            special shell characters, 710
            stopping and undoing, 708
            transposition, 708
            window, 710
            word abbreviation, 709
      etags command, 143
      kill and yank, 705
      modes, 704
Emacs editor (continued)
      point and mark, 705
      windows, 705
embed command (GRUB), 559
enable command, 138
enable command (bash), 663
encrypted DNSSEC or TSIG keys for domain name, 125
encryption
      GPG (GNU Privacy Guard), 183-186
Enlightened Sound Daemon, 139-142
env command, 138
ENV environment variable, 627
environment variables
      CVS, 804-806
            client, 804
            server, 805
      CVSROOT directory, 812
      printing values of, 354
envsubst command, 138
EOF (end-of-file) character, xiv
esac shell keyword, 663
Escape key, using for Meta in Emacs, 705
escape sequences, awk, 776
esd command, 139
esdcat command, 140
esd-config command, 140
esdctl command, 140
esddsp command, 141
esdmon command, 142
esdplay command, 142
esdrec command, 142
esdsample command, 142
EsounD, 139-142
etags command, 143
eval command, 663
ex command, 144
ex editor, 721, 723, 739-753
      addresses for commands, 739
      command options, 740
      command syntax, 739
      commands, list of, 740-753
      metacharacters in replacement patterns, 701
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
      search-and-replace examples, 702
      searching with regular expressions, 701
      (see also vi editor)
exec command, 664
executing commands remotely
      rexec command, 381
      rexecd command, 381
      rsh command, 390
      ssh command, 431
exit command, 664
      awk, 783
exp function (awk), 783
expand command, 144
export command, 664
      cvs, 823
      svn, 860
exports file, 28
expr command, 144-146
      arithmetic operators, 144
      keywords, 145
      logical operators, 145
      relational operators, 145
expressions, testing (test), 470
.exrc file (example), 738
ext2 (Second Extended Filesystem), 15
      creating with mkfs.ext2, 297
      disk formatting, 294-296
      resize2fs command, 378
      tuning (tune2fs), 487-489
ext3 (Third Extended Filesystem), 15
      creating with mkfs.ext3, 297
      potential booting issues, 568
extended Internet services daemon (xinetd), 515-518
extended regular expressions
      GNU sed, 758
      recognizing with grep, 193
Extensible Filesystem (XFS), 15
extension function (gawk), 783
eXternal Data Representation (XDR), 31
extglob option (bash and ksh), 627

F[ Top ]
factor command, 146
false command, 147
      bash and ksh, 665
Fast Lexical Analyzer Generator (flex) command, 160
FAT clusters, MS-DOS files, 318
FAT filesystem, 16
fc command, 645, 665, 666
fc-cache command, 147
fc-list command, 147
fdformat command, 148
fdisk command, 148
fetchmail command, 149-154
fflush function (gawk), 783
fg command, 666
fg (foreground) command, 649
fgconsole command, 154
fgrep command, 154
fi shell keyword, 666
FIFOs (named pipes), 296, 305
file attributes
      changing for MS-DOS files (mattrib), 284
      listing (lsattr), 264
      modifying with chattr, 83
file command (ex), 743
file compression, 92
      bzip2 format, 64-66
      compressed to uncompressed files (zcmp), 526
      gunzip command, 199
      gzexe command, 199
      gzip command, 200-201
      reading compressed files to output (zcat), 526
      renaming zipped files (zforce), 527
      uncompress command, 492
      uncompressing .Z files and recompressing as .gz format, 531
file descriptors, 631
file distribution client program, 370-372
file distribution server, starting, 372
file inclusion facility for gawk, 779
file management commands, 8
      chgrp, 85
file properties (Subversion), 842-844
file storage commands, 11
file transfer commands
      ftp, 165-170
      lftp, 245-248
      lftpget, 248
      rsync, 391-397
      sftp, 421
      tftp, 471
      tftpd, 473-475
filenames
      metacharacters, bash and ksh, 627
      metacharacters for filename expansion, 697
      translation of hexadecimal program addresses to, 37
      validity and portability of, 347
filenames and their DOS 8.3 equivalents, 305
.#file.revision, 803
files
      access modes, changing (chmod), 86
      accessing multiple with vi, 732
      byte, word, and line counts, displaying (wc), 502
      checksums, calculating for (sum), 453
      classification of (file command), 154
      columnar output, formatting in, 91
      comparing lines with comm, 92
      comparing with cmp, 90
      comparing with diff, 118-120
      comparing with diff3, 120
      computing CRC checksum, 90
      converting to tables for parsing, 63
      copying and outputting with dd, 111-112
      copying archives with cpio, 94-97
      copying between machines
            rcp command, 368
            scp command, 401
      copying between Unix and MS-DOS partitions, 285
      copying with cp, 93
      creating or updating (touch), 481
      crontab file, 103
      csplit command, 104
      cutting content, 107
      deleting on MS-DOS, 286
      deleting with rm, 383
      differences between
            diff command, 118
            diff3 command, 120
            sdiff command, 407
            zdiff command, 527
      disabling for swapping, paging (swapoff), 454
      display format options (hexdump), 205
      dot files, 803
      dumping to standard output, 340-342
      duplicate lines, removing (uniq), 492
      Emacs commands for, 706
files (continued)
      enabling for swapping, paging (swapon), 454
      finding binary, source, and manpages for (whereis), 509
      first lines, displaying with head, 204
      in reverse (tac), 456
      last lines, displaying (tail), 456
      linking, 248
      listing (ls), 261-264
      locking (lockfile), 252
      merging (merge), 287
      moving or renaming with mv, 324-325
      MS-DOS
            displaying content (mtype), 323
            moving or renaming, 308
            renaming, 318
            tools for (mtools), 323
      overwriting to make unrecoverable, 424
      ownership, changing (chown), 88
      ownership, changing group (chgrp), 85
      printing in reverse (tac), 456
      printing (lpr), 260
      removing columns, 91
      rename command, 376
      restoring from dump archive, 378-380
      reversing character order on each line, 380
      secure copying between networks (scp), 401
      sorting (sort), 429
      special, for sending or receiving data, 305
      split, 430
      transferring between networks with ftp, 165-170
      transferring between networks with sftp, 421
filesystem buffers, writing to disk, 454
filesystem quotas, editing, 135
filesystem types, 15
filesystems
      checking with fsck, 164
      creating with mkfs, 297
      debugging, 112-115
      defined, 15
      displaying isoimage, 116
      exporting, 29
      ext2
            displaying label, 134
            formatting device as, 294-296
            image file, 134
      ext3, creating, 297
      ISO/Joliet/HFS, 297-305
      managing, 15
      mounting, 29, 312-314
      MS-DOS
            checking for bad blocks, 285
            creating directory, 307
            displaying information about, 292
            dosfsck command, 128
            formatting device as, 293
            labels, 307
            mounting, 308
            tools for (mtools), 323
      NFS, 28
      potential booting issues, 568
      process IDs of processes using, 171
      quota enforcement, 366
      unmounting (umount), 490
find command, 155-159
      GRUB, 559
finger command, 159
      chfn command, 84
      pinky command, 349
fingerd command, 159
firewall rules
      in iptables, 217
      restoring, 223
      saving with iptables, 223
firewalls, 27
flags
      for a kernel image, 386
      format specifiers for printf and sprintf, 790
flex (Fast Lexical Analyzer Generator) command, 160
floppy disks
      configuring (setfdprm), 417
fmt command, 161
fold command, 162
fold command (ex), 743
foldclose command (ex), 743
foldopen command (ex), 743
fonts
      fc-cache command, 147
      fc-list command, 147
for command (awk), 783
for shell keyword, 666
form command (ftp), 166
formail command, 162-164
format specifiers for printf and sprintf (awk), 789
formatting disks
      floppies (fdformat), 148
      MS-DOS (mformat), 291
free command, 164
free disk space, measuring, 117
free software, 2
Free Software Foundation (FSF)
      GNU project, ix, 4
            documentation, xi
      GPL (General Public License), 7
freenode IRC network, Linux channels, xiii
freenode IRC service, xii
Freshmeat web site, 2
fsck command, 164
fstab file, 29
fstest command (GRUB), 559
ftp command, 165-170
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
      rpm command options, 583
      secure transfer using ssh (sftp), 421
ftpd command, 170
ftpd daemon, 19
function command (awk), 784
function overloading, 66
function shell keyword, 667
functions
      awk
            listed by group, 780
            listed by name, 781-789
      bash and ksh shell, 633
      bash shell, execution of, 650
      bc program, 63
      listing for source file, 106, 143
      mathematical, ksh93 shell, 644
functions command (ksh), 667
fuser command, 171

G[ Top ]
G command (sed), 762
g command (sed), 762
g++ command, 172
gated routing daemon, 24
gateways, 23
      protocols, 24
gawk, 6
gawk editor, 172
gawk programming language, 769
      command-line options, 771
      coprocesses and sockets, 777
      features, listed, 770
      file inclusion, 779
      functions specific to, 781
      internationalization, 779
      octal and hexadecimal constants, 776
      positional specifier, 790
      profiling, 778
      user-defined functions, 777
      (see also awk programming language)
gcc (GNU Compiler Collection), 172
      general options, 173
      linker options, 177
      pragma directives, 179
      warning options, 177
gdb program, 179-182
General Public License (GPL), 7
generate-rss command (yum), 588
gensub function (gawk), 784
geometry command (GRUB), 559
get command (ftp), 166
getconf command (ksh93), 667
getent command, 182
getkeycodes command, 182
getline command (awk), 784
getopts command, 667
gettext tools, 779
      source code, URLs for, 791
getty command, 37
GhostScript, 198
glob command (ftp), 167
global command (ex), 743
GNOME desktop, 7
GNU, 53
GNU Compiler Collection (gcc), 172
GNU Emacs (see Emacs editor)
GNU project, ix
      documentation for utilities, xi
      Linux commands, 4
      utilities, 7
GNU sed
      command-line options, 756
      pattern addressing, commands, 757
GNU Zebra routing daemon, 24
GNU/Linux, 1
gpasswd command, 182
GPG (GNU Privacy Guard), 183-186
      decryption commands, 186
      encryption commands, 185
      key commands, 183
      signature commands, 185
gpgsplit command, 186
gpgv command, 187
gpm command, 188-190
gprof command, 190-192
Grand Unified Bootloader (see GRUB)
graph character class, 699
graphical tools, 4
grep command, 192-194
      bzgrep, 64
      egrep, 136
      metacharacters, pattern matching and filename expansion, 697
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
      regular expressions, 701
      zgrep, 527
groff command, 485
groff program, 194-196
groffer command, 196
group, changing for files, 85
groupadd command, 196
groupdel command, 197
groupinfo command (yum), 588
groupinstall command (yum), 588
grouplist command (yum), 588
groupmod command, 197
groupremove command (yum), 588
groups
      changing group password, 182
      changing user's group ID, 329
groups command, 197
groupupdate command (yum), 588
grpck command, 197
grpunconv command, 198
GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader), 5, 532, 544-563
      blocklists, 545
      boot-time kernel options, 566
      commands, 553-563
            blocklist, 557
            boot, 558
            bootp, 553
            cat, 558
            chainloader, 558
            cmp, 558
            color, 553
            configfile, 558
            debug, 558
            device, 553
            dhcp, 554
            displayapm, 558
            displaymem, 558
            dump, 559
            embed, 559
            find, 559
            fstest, 559
            geometry, 559
            halt, 559
            help, 559
            hide, 554
            ifconfig, 554
            impsprobe, 560
            initrd, 560
            install, 560
            ioprobe, 561
            lock, 561
            makeactive, 561
            map, 561
            md5crypt, 561
            module, 561
            modulenounzip, 562
            pager, 554
            partnew, 554
            parttype, 555
            password, 555
            pause, 562
            quit, 562
            rarp, 555
            read, 562
            reboot, 562
            rootnoverify, 562
            savedefault, 562
            serial, 555
            setkey, 556
            setup, 562
            splashimage, 556
            terminal, 557
            testload, 563
            testvbe, 563
            tftpserver, 557
            unhide, 557
            uppermem, 563
            vbeprobe, 563
      configuration file, 548
      device map, 546
      dual booting Linux and Windows NT/2000/XP, 564
GRUB (continued)
      grub command syntax, 550
      GRUB shell, 550
      initrd option, 568
      installing, 546-548
      kernel, 561
      LILO, compared to, 544
      menu interface, 550
      naming conventions, 545
      root, 562
      stages, 544
grub.conf file, 548
gs (GhostScript) command, 198
gsub function (awk), 784
gunzip command, 199
gzexe command, 199
gzip command, 200-201

H[ Top ]
H command (sed), 763
h command (sed), 763
halt command, 201
      GRUB, 559
hard disks
      naming conventions, 533
      parameters, setting (hdparm), 201-204
      partitioning with cfdisk command, 81
      under GRUB, 545
hard links, 249
hardware
      detecting new and changed with kudzu, 231
hardware address
      changing for network interface, 212
hardware commands, 14
hardware running Linux, 3
hash command
      bash, 668
      ftp, 167
      ksh, 668
hash mark (#), 548
      .#file.revision, 836
hdparm command, 201-204
head command, 204
help command
      bash, 669
      ftp, 167
      GRUB, 559
      svn, 860
      svnadmin, 878
      svnlook, 883
help, Emacs commands for, 711
here document, 631
here string, 631
hexadecimal constants (gawk), 776
hexadecimals, program addresses, translation with addr2line, 37
hexdump command, 205
HFS (Hierarchical File System), 297
      options for mkisofs command, 303-305
hide command (ex), 744
hide command, GRUB, 554
hist command (ksh), 646, 669
history command
      bash, 669
      CVS, 823-825
      ksh, 670
      svnlook, 883
history, command (see command history)
$HOME/.profile file, 627, 650
host command, 25, 206
host information commands, 14
hostid command, 207
hostname command, 207
hostnames, translation to IP addresses, 24
hosts.allow file, 28
hosts.deny file, 28
hotcopy command (svnadmin), 878
htdigest command, 208
HTTP, rpm command options, 583
hwclock command, 208
hypertext reader (info), 213

I[ Top ]
i command (sed), 763
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), 23
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), 21
iconv command, 209
id command, 210
idle command (ftp), 167
if command (awk), 784
if shell keyword, 670
ifconfig command, 26, 210-212
      GRUB, 554
ifdown command, 26
ifup command, 26
ifwconfig command, 27
igawk program, 779
image command (ftp), 167
image file, for ext2 filesystem, 134
image section options, 535
imapd command, 212
import command
      cvs, 825
      svn, 860
impsprobe command (GRUB), 560
in operator (awk), 775
indentation, Emacs commands for, 710
index function (awk), 785
indexes
      generating for archive files, 368
      permuted, creating, 362-363
inetd command, 213
info command, 213
      svn, 861
      svnlook, 883
      yum, 588
init command, 214
      CVS, 826
      processes invoked by (agetty), 37
      telinit command, 467
initrd, 568
initrd command (GRUB), 560
inode contents, displaying (stat), 439-442
insert command (ex), 744
insert commands (vi), 729
insert mode (vi), 724
insmod command, 215
install command, 215
      GRUB, 560
      yum, 589
installation commands, 15
int function (awk), 785
integer command (ksh), 671
Intel Multiprocessor Specification, 560
Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) server daemon, 212
interfaces, network (see network interfaces)
internationalization with gawk, 779
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), 26
Internet Protocol (see TCP/IP; IP addresses)
Internet relay chat (IRC), Linux users, xii
Internet services daemon, 213
Internet services daemon, extended (xinetd), 515-518
interprocess communication (IPC)
      printing reports on, 216
      removing message queues, 216
I/O options for terminals, 447-451
I/O processing commands, sed editor, 759
ioprobe command (GRUB), 561
IP addresses, 21
      conversion to hostnames with host, 206
      hostname translation to, 24
      searching for with whois command, 512
ipchains, 27
ipcrm command, 216
ipcs command, 216
iptables program, 27, 28, 217-223
      commands, 218
      match extensions for netfilter rules, 220
      options, 220
      rule specification parameters, 219
      target extensions, 222
      targets, 219
iptables-restore command, 223
iptables-save command, 223
ISO 8601 date format, 808
ISO9660 images
      contents, displaying, 224
      information about, displaying, 224
      integrity, verifying, 225
      size, displaying, 225
ISO9660/Joliet/HFS filesystem, 297-305
isodump command, 224
isoimage contents, displaying, 116
isoinfo command, 224
isosize command, 225
isovfy command, 225
ispell command, 225
iwlist command, 27

J[ Top ]
JAZ drives, 325
JFS (Journaled Filesystem), 15
job control, bash and ksh, 649
      commands, 649
jobs
      deleting queued jobs, 51
      executing at specified time with at, 49
      executing with anacron, 41
      listing pending jobs, 51
      queued by at command, executing, 51
jobs command, 649, 671
join command, 227
join command (ex), 744
Journaled Filesystem (JFS), 15
Joy, Bill, 721
jumps command (ex), 744

K[ Top ]
k command (ex), 744
kbd_mode command, 227
kbdrate command, 228
kernel image, 535
      changing values in, 369
      loading with GRUB, 561
      setting flags for, 386
kernels, 1
      boot-time options, 566-568
      controlling messages with klogd, 229
      examining or modifying (sysctl), 454
      loading specified module, 215
      managing, 17
      module object-file, information about, 308
      scancode-to-keycode mapping table, viewing, 182
      slab cache information, displaying, 426
      unloading modules, 384
      video configuration (vidmode), 498
kernelversion command, 228
keybindings for the less command, 243-245
keyboard mapping, GRUB, 556
keyboards
      driver translation tables, listing, 132
      modes, setting, 227
      rate, setting, 228
      starting/stopping Unicode mode, 492
keycodes
      displaying (showkey), 423
      kernel scancode to keycode mapping, 182
      setting, 417
keymaps, loading, 250
keyword substitutions, 793
keywords (CVS), 806-808
      date, 809
keywords (expr), 145
kill and yank (Emacs), 705
kill command, 228, 649, 671
      Emacs, 705
killall command, 229
killall5 command, 229
klogd command, 229
Korn, David, 623
Korn shell (see ksh)
kserver command (CVS), 827
ksh (Korn shell), 6, 623-696
      arithmetic expressions, 643
            built-in mathematical functions, 644
      built-in commands, 651-696
      command execution, 650
      command history, 644-646
      features, 624
      functions, 633
      invoking, 625-626
            arguments, 626
            common options, 625
      job control, 649
      ksh88 and ksh93 versions, 623
      setting restrictions on, 650
      syntax, 626-632
            command forms, 630
            coprocesses, 632
            filename metacharacters, 627
            quoting, 628
            redirection, 630
            startup files, 627
      variables, 634-643
            arrays, 640
            built-in, 636-638
            discipline functions, 641
            other, 638
            special prompt strings, 642
kudzu command, 231

L[ Top ]
l command (sed), 764
\L (lowercase), all characters in replacement pattern, 700
\l (lowercase), first character in replacement pattern, 700
labels
      MS-DOS filesystem, 307
languages
      locale-specific date and time formats, 109
      translating with gettext, 779
last command, 231
lastb command, 232
lastlog command, 232
lcd command (ftp), 167
ld (link editor), 232-236
ldconfig command, 236
ldd command, 236
led flag settings, 417
left command (ex), 744
length function (awk), 785
less program, 237-243
      bzless command, 66
      commands, 240-243
      keybindings, configuring (lesskey), 243-245
      prompts, 243
let command, 643, 672
lex command
      flex command, 160
lftp program, 245-248
      commands, 246
lftpget command, 248
licenses, 6
lilo command, 534
LILO (Linux Loader), 5, 532, 534-544
      boot-time kernel options, 566
      compared to GRUB, 544
      configuration file, 534
      dual-booting Linux and Windows NT/2000/XP, 564
      global options, 536-539
      image options, 540
      initrd option, 568
      kernel options, 541
      lilo command, 542-544
            options, 543
lilo.conf file, 534
line information commands (sed), 759
line numbering, vi editor, 728
line numbers (addr2line), 37
line printer device parameters, 489
line-edit mode, 645
lines, breaking at exact width, 162
link command, 248
link editor (ld), 232-236
      archive file maintenance, 45
linker options, gcc, 177
links, printing contents of symbolic link file, 375
Linux, ix, 1
      advantages of, 2
      commands, 4
      distributions and support, 3
      online support, xii
      periodicals, xii
      sources and licenses, 6
      web sites devoted to, xi
Linux User Groups (LUGs), xiii
list command
      ex, 744
      svn, 862
      yum, 589
list-dblogs command (svnadmin), 879
list-unused-dblogs command (svnadmin), 879
ln command, 249
load average for system, displaying, 476
load command (svnadmin), 879
loadkeys command, 250
Loadlin, 5, 532
      initrd option, 568
local command
      bash, 673
locale command, 250
locale-specific dates and times, 109
localinstall command (yum), 589
localizing gawk programs, 779
localupdate command (yum), 589
locate command, 252
      slocate, 428
lock command (GRUB), 561
lockfile command, 252
log command
      cvs, 827-829
      svn, 863
      svnlook, 883
log function (awk), 785
log message for source code changes, 793
logged-in users, showing for system, 511
logger command, 253
logical operators
      expr command, 145
login command, 253
      CVS, 829
      ksh, 673
login shells, changing (chsh), 89
logins
      bad login attempts (lastb), 232
      last, 231
      last login times for system accounts, 232
      remote, 382
logname command, 254
LOGNAME environment variable, 812
logout command
      bash, 673
      CVS, 829
logrotate program, 254-257
      configuration commands, 254-257
look command, 257
loop devices, setting up (losetup), 257
losetup command, 257
lost+found directory, 305
lower character class, 699
lpadmin command, 258
lpinfo command, 259
lpmove command, 259
lpq command, 259
lpr command, 260
lprm command, 260
lpstat command, 260
ls command, 123, 261-264
      ftp, 167
      setting color options, 123
lsattr command, 264
lshift function (gawk), 785
lsmod command, 264
lspci command, 264
lstxns command (svnadmin), 879
lsusb command, 264

M[ Top ]
m4 command, 265
MAC (Media Access Control) address, 23
      changing for network interface, 212
macdef command (ftp), 167
machine architecture, identifying, 46
machine uptime status, tracking (ruptime), 397
Macintosh, HFS (Hierarchical File System), 297, 303-305
macro commands (Emacs), 711
macros
      listing for source file, 106, 143
      processor for C, 265
      RPM package spec file, 573
      vi editor, 734
magnetic tape drive, controlling, 319-323
mail commands, 15
      audiosend, 51
      biff, 63
      fetchmail, 149-154
      imapd, 212
      listing all messages in sendmail queue (mailq), 272
      mail utility, 266-272
            command-line options, 267
            command-mode commands, 268-270
            compose-mode commands, 267
            configuration options, 271
      mailto, 273
      metamail, 288
      metasend, 289
      mimencode, 292
      newaliases, 328
      rmail, 383
      sendmail, 409-416
      sendmail statistics (mailstats), 272
mail filtering, formail command, 162-164
mail transfer agent (MTA), 409
make command, 274-280
      description-file lines, 275
      functions, 277-279
      internal macros, 277
      macro modifiers, 277
      macro string substitution, 279
      pattern rules, 277
      special target names, 279
makeactive command (GRUB), 561
makecache command (yum), 589
makedbm command, 30, 280
Makefiles
      creating with automake, 54
      updating files with install, 215
makemap command, 281
man command, 282-284
man pages, 6
map command (ex), 745
map command (GRUB), 561
maps (NIS), 30
mark command (ex), 745
mark (Emacs), 705
marking positions in vi editor, 728
marks command (ex), 745
masquerading, 27
master boot record (MBR)
      defined, 533
      pre-Linux Windows version, restoring, 533
match function (awk), 785
math
      bc program, library functions, 62
mathematical functions (ksh93), 644
mattrib command, 284
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), 484
mcat command, 285
mcd command, 285
mcopy command, 285
MD5 checksums, computing or checking, 286
md5crypt command (GRUB), 561
mdel command, 286
mdelete command (ftp), 167
mdeltree command, 286
mdir command, 287
      ftp, 167
mdu command, 287
Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, 23
media commands, 9
memory information, displaying (vmstat), 498-500
memory maps, displaying for a process, 350
memory usage information, 164
merge command, 287
      svn, 864
merged changes in files, 120
merging data stored in text-based file formats, 227
merging documents in source code management, 793
mesg command, 288
messages
      system control, displaying, 124
metacharacters
      bash and ksh filenames, 627
      pattern matching, 697-701
            filename expansion vs., 697
            listed by program, 700
            replacement patterns, 699
            search patterns, 698
            search-and-replace in ex and sed, 702
metadata, versioned, 841
Meta-key commands (Emacs), 705, 715
Meta-key handling for virtual terminal, 418
metamail command, 288
      richtext, displaying, 381
metasend command, 289
mformat command, 291
mget command (ftp), 167
MIDI files
      playing with aplaymidi, 42
      raw, reading and writing, 39
      recording using ALSA, 46
MIME types
      mailto command, 273
      metamail command, 288
      metasend command, 289
      richtext, displaying, 381
mimencode command, 292
minfo command, 292
mirror command (lftp), 247
miscellaneous commands, 12
      system administration, 19
      vi editor, 734
mixers
      audio mixer tool, 52
      command-line ALSA mixer, 39
mkdir command, 292
      ftp, 167
      svn, 866
mkdosfs command, 293
mke2fs command, 294-296
mkexrc command (ex), 745
mkfifo command, 296
mkfs command, 297
mkfs.ext3 command, 297
mkisofs command, 297-305
mklost+found command, 305
mkmanifest command, 305
mknod command, 305
mkraid command, 306
mkswap command, 306
mktemp command, 307
mktime function (gawk), 785
mlabel command, 307
mls command (ftp), 167
mmd command, 307
mmount command, 308
mmove command, 308
mode command (ftp), 167
modes
      Emacs editor, 704
      vi editor, 724
      vim editor, 725
modinfo command, 308
modprobe command, 309
      depmod and, 115
modtime command (ftp), 167
module command (GRUB), 561
modulenounzip command (GRUB), 562
modules
      creating dependency file for, 115
      listing all loaded, 264
      loading (insmod), 215
      loading into kernel, 215
      loading with initrd, 568
      unloading from the kernel, 384
monotone (source code management system), 797
Moolenaar, Bram, 721
more program, 310-312
      bzmore command, 66
mount command, 29, 312-314
mountd command, 315
mountd daemon, 28, 29
mouse, gpm command, 188-190
move command (ex), 745
movement commands, vi editor, 726-729
      characters, 726
      line numbering, 728
      lines, 727
      marks, 728
      screens, 727
      searches, 728
      text, 726
mpartition command, 315
mpg123 command, 316
mpg321 command, 316-318
mput command (ftp), 167
mrd command, 318
mren command, 318
MS-DOS
      bad blocks, checking for, 285
      changing directories on, 285
      changing file attributes (mattrib), 284
      checking filesystem with dosfsck, 128
      copying files to or from Unix partitions, 285
      creating directories, 307
      creating filesystems with mkfs, 297
      deleting a directory, 318
      deleting file or file tree, 286
      directory contents, listing (mdir), 287
      disk usage, displaying, 287
      displaying file content (mtype), 323
      displaying filesystem information (minfo), 292
      files and filesystems, tools for, 323
      filesystem label, 307
      formatting blank disk, 291
      formatting device as MS-DOS filesystem, 293
      mounting a filesystem, 308
      moving or renaming file or directory, 308
      partition, creating, 315
      renaming file or directory, 318
mshowfat command, 318
mt command, 319-323
MTA (mail transfer agent), 409
mtools commands, 323
mtoolstest command, 323
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit), 484
mtype command, 323
Multiboot Specification, 544
multiline input processing commands (sed), 760
multiple redirection, 631
mv command, 324-325
mzip command, 325

N[ Top ]
N command (sed), 764
n command (sed), 764
name( ) function, bash and ksh, 673
name service, 24
named command, 325
named daemon, 19, 25
named pipes (FIFOs), creating, 296, 305
namei command, 326
nameif command, 327
nameref command (ksh93), 673
nameservers, 24
nawk programming language, 770
ncurses
      mixer tool (alsamixer), 39
      mixer tool (aumix), 52
netfilter, 27, 217
netstat command, 24, 27, 327
network administration
      NFS and NIS administration, 20
      TCP/IP troubleshooting, 26
      (see also TCP/IP)
network administration tools, 4
Network Information System (see NIS)
network interfaces
      assigning address or configuring parameters, 210-212
      attaching serial lines as, 427
      providing to finger program, 159
network layers, choice with Subversion, 841
networking
      commands, 17
      overview, 19
      Subversion and, 841
networks
      file transfers between, 165-170
      status messaging (rwhod), 398
new command (ex), 745
newaliases command, 328
newer command (ftp), 168
newgrp command, 329
newsgroups, Linux-related, xii
newusers command, 329
next command (awk), 785
next command (ex), 746
nextfile command (awk), 786
NFS (Network File System), 28
      administration, 20
nfsd command, 329
nfsd daemons, 28
NFS/NIS commands
      domainname, 128
      makedbm, 280
      mountd, 315
      portmap, 350
      rpcinfo, 389
      showmount, 424
      ypbind, 519
      ypcat, 520
      ypinit, 520
      ypmatch, 521
      yppasswd, 521
      yppasswdd command, 521
      yppoll, 522
      yppush, 523
      ypserv, 524
      ypset, 524
      yptest, 525
      ypwhich, 525
      ypxfr, 526
nfsstat command, 329
nice command, 330
NIS (Network Information System), 29
      administration, 20, 30
      clients, setting up, 31
      domains, 30
      map manipulation utilities, 30
      maps, 30
      servers, 30
      servers, setting up, 30
      user accounts, 31
nlist command (ftp), 168
nm command, 330
nmap command (ftp), 168
nohlsearch command (ex), 746
nohup command, 331
      ksh, 674
nroff program
      output, handling, 90
nslookup command, 332
nslookup command (deprecated), 121
nsupdate command, 332
ntrans command (ftp), 168
null command (:), 651
number command (ex), 746
numbers, base conversions using bc, 59
numbers, factoring, 146
nvi text editor, 720

O[ Top ]
objcopy command, 333
objdump command, 337-339
object files
      displaying profile data, 190-192
      generating from assembly language, 48
      removing symbols, 446
      size, 425
objects
      including in mail messages, 273
octal constants (gawk), 776
od command, 340-342
online documentation, xi
online reference manuals, displaying information from, 282-284
only command (ex), 746
open command (ex), 746
open command, ftp, 168
open source software, 2
OpenPGP
      checking signature of files, 187
      splitting messages into packets, 186
OpenSSH, 431
openvt command, 342
operators
      arithmetic, bash and ksh shells, 643
      awk programming language, 775
      bc program, 62
      expr command, 144
option argument syntax, xv
options to Linux commands, 32
or function (gawk), 786
output redirections, awk and gawk, 789
output-formatting commands
      fmt, 161
      fold, 162
overlapping changes in files, 120

P[ Top ]
P command (sed), 765
p command (sed), 765
package management, rpm command, 390
package managers, 4, 5, 569
      apt command, 45
      Debian, 594-622
      RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), 572-585
      synaptic, 621
      up2date, 590-593
      yum (Yellow Dog updater modified), 585-590
pager command (GRUB), 554
paginated text files, 352
paging commands
      less, 237-243
      more, 310-312
      zless, 530
      zmore, 530
paging, turning off/on for files, 454
PalmOS devices
      connecting to, 37
      executing DLP commands, 124
paragraphs, Emacs commands for, 708
partitions, disk
      creating MS-DOS partition, 315
      fdisk command, 148
      GRUB partnew command, 554
      GRUB unhide command, 557
      GRUP parttype command, 555
      treated as devices, 533
passwd command, 342
passwd file, 627
passwords
      chpasswd command, 88
      converting unshadowed to shadowed, 364
      expiration information (chage command), 83
      group, changing, 182
      group, shadowed file for, 198
      GRUB, 555
      information displayed by finger, changing, 84
      removing errors from passwd and shadow files, 364
      yppasswd command, 521
      yppasswdd command, 521
paste command, 343
patch command, 344-347
pathchk command, 347
pathname, printing with dirname, 123
pathnames
      following to terminal point, 326
      listing for files executed if command had been run, 510
paths
      basename command, 58
      to manual pages, 284
      tracepath command, 484
pattern matching, 697-703
      searching with (examples), 701
      transposing words in sed, 703
      (see also regular expressions)
patterns
      awk, 772
      shell command execution, 655
patterns, extglob option in bash and ksh, 628
pause command (GRUB), 562
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) devices, listing, 264
PCMCIA sockets
      card daemon, 68
      controlling with cardctl command, 67
PDF (Portable Document Format) language, GhostScript interpreter, 198
pending jobs, listing, 51
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) devices, listing, 264
perl command, 347
permissions, changing for files, 86
permuted indexes, 362-363
pgawk program, 778
pidof command, 347
ping command, 27, 347
pinky command, 349
pmap command, 350
PNM (Portable aNyMap) format, 400
point (Emacs cursor), 705
Point-to-Point Protocol (see PPP and related commands)
popd command (bash), 660, 674
portmap command, 350
portmap daemon (RPC), 28, 30
positional specifier (gawk), 790
POSIX
      distinction between "special" built-in commands and nonspecial, 650
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
PostScript language, GhostScript interpreter, 198
poweroff command, 350
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 21, 26
pppd command, 26, 351
pr command, 352
praliases command, 354
precision format specifier (printf and sprintf), 790
preprocessor, C language, 97-103
preserve command (ex), 746
previous command (ex), 746
print character class, 699
print command
      awk, 786
      ex, 746
      ksh, 674
printenv command, 354
printf command, 355
      awk, 786
            format specifiers, 789
      bash and ksh93, 675
printing commands, 9, 17
      banner, 58
      checking print spool queue (lpq), 259
      cupsd, 107
      disable, 123
      enable, 138
      line printer parameters, controlling (tunelp), 489
      lpadmin, 258
      lpinfo, 259
      lpmove, 259
      print queue status, showing (lpstat), 260
      reject, 376
      removing jobs from the queue (lprm), 260
      sending files to be printed (lpr), 260
      tac, 456
      tail, 456
      tailf, 457
procedures, awk, 773
process IDs, getting with fuser, 171
process management commands, 18
processes
      CPU usage, 477-481
      displaying memory map of, 350
      killing, 228-229
      killing by command name, 229
      pending jobs, listing, 51
      reporting on active, 355-362
      resetting priority with snice, 429
      running, controlling scheduling priority, 376
      scheduling properties, changing, 89
      sending signal to or resetting priority with skill, 426
profile data for object file, 190-192
profile files, 627, 650
profiling (gawk), 778
program addresses, translation with addr2line, 37
program maintenance commands, 10
programmable completion (bash), 646-649
programming commands, 9
programming languages
      gcc compiler, 172
      source files, examining with ctags, 106
programs, listing required libraries for (ldd), 236
prompt command (ftp), 168
prompt strings, special (bash and ksh), 642
propdel command (svn), 867
propedit command (svn), 868
properties, Subversion files, 842-844
propget command (svn), 868
propget command (svnlook), 883
proplist command (svn), 868
proplist command (svnlook), 884
propset command (svn), 869
provides command (yum), 589
proxy command (ftp), 168
ps command, 355-362
      format and sort specifiers, 358-362
PS1-PS4 variables, 642
pserver command (CVS), 829
pseudonyms (links) for files, 249
ptx command, 362-363
punct character class, 699
pushd command (bash), 660, 675
put command (ex), 747
put command, ftp, 168
putting commands (sed), 759
pwck command, 364
pwconv command, 364
pwd command, 364
      bash and ksh, 676
      ftp, 168
python command, 364

Q[ Top ]
Q command (sed), 765
q command (sed), 765
qall command (ex), 747
quit command
      ex, 747
      ftp, 169
      GRUB, 562
quota command, 365
quotacheck command, 365
quotaoff command, 366
quotaon command, 366
quotas
      setquota command, 418
      warnquota command, 501
quotas for specified filesystem, reporting on, 377
quotastats command, 367
quote command (ftp), 169
quoting
      bash and ksh shells, 628
quoting special characters in bash and ksh shells, 628

R[ Top ]
R command (sed), 766
r command (sed), 766
r command (ksh), 676
RAID array devices, setting up, 306
raidstart command, 367
RAM disks, configuring support for, 568
ramsize command, 367
rand function (awk), 786
ranlib command, 368
rannotate command (CVS), 829
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), 21, 368
rarpd command, 368
rcp command, 368
RCS (Revision Control System), 795
rdate command, 369
rdev command, 369
rdiff command (CVS), 830
rdist command, 370-372
rdistd command, 372
read command
      bash and ksh, 676
      GRUB, 562
read command (ex), 747
readcd command, 372
readelf command, 374
readlink command, 375
readonly command, 677
reboot command, 376
      GRUB, 562
recent logins, displaying, 231
recording sound using ALSA, 46
recover command
      ex, 747
      svnadmin, 880
recv command (ftp), 169
Red Hat Linux, kudzu command, 231
Red Hat Network Notification Tool (rhn-applet), 591
Red Hat Package Manager (see RPM)
Red Hat Update Agent (up2date), 590-593
redirect command (ksh93), 677
redirection syntax, bash and ksh, 630
      multiple redirection, 631
      redirection using file descriptors, 631
      simple redirection, 630
redirections
      awk and gawk, 789
redo command (ex), 747
reference manuals, displaying information with man, 282-284
referencing arrays, 641
reget command (ftp), 169
regions, Emacs commands for, 708
regular expressions, 697
      awk escape sequences, 776
      egrep command, 136
      expr command, 145
      extended, use by GNU sed, 758
      find command, 158
      flex command, 160
      grep command, 192, 193
      searching with (examples), 701
      for sed command addresses, 757
      (see also pattern matching)
Reiser FS (Reiser Filesystem), 15
reject command, 376
relational operators
      bc program, 62
      expr command, 145
release command (CVS), 831
remote access with svnserve, 885
remote file distribution
      client program, 370-372
      server, starting, 372
Remote Procedure Call (see RPC)
remotehelp command (ftp), 169
remotestatus command (ftp), 169
removable media, ejecting, 136
remove command
      CVS, 832
      yum, 590
rename command, 376
      ftp, 169
renice command, 376, 377
Replace, 836
replacement patterns, 699
      metacharacters for ed, ex, vi, and sed, 701
replacing text, metacharacters for, 702
repositories
      associated with channels, 590
      converting from CVS to Subversion, 842
      source code management systems, 792
      Subversion, 840
      svnadmin administrative tool, 876-880
      svnlook tool, examining with, 881-885
repository, 585
reset command, 377
      ftp, 169
resize command (ex), 747
resize2fs command, 378
resolved command (svn), 870
resolver, 24
restart command (ftp), 169
restore command, 378-380
restricted shells, 650
return command
      awk, 787
      bash and ksh, 678
rev command, 380
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), 368
      GRUB rarp command, 555
reverse-order printing of files (tac), 456
revert command (svn), 871
Revision Control System (RCS), 795
revision keywords for svn --revision option, 851
rewind command (ex), 747
rexec command, 381
rexecd command, 381
RFC 1123 time format, 809
RFC 822 time format, 809
rhn-applet, 591
.rhosts file, 804
richtext command, 381
right command (ex), 748
rlog command (CVS), 832
rlogin command, 382
rlogind command, 382
rm command, 383
rmail command, 383
rmdir command, 384
      ftp, 169
rmmod command, 384
rmtxns command (svnadmin), 880
rndc command, 385
root command (GRUB), 562
root directory for command, 89
root filesystem, showing in /etc/mtab syntax, 369
rootflags command, 386
rootnoverify command (GRUB), 562
rotating logfiles, 254-257
route command, 27, 386
routed command, 388
routed daemon, 24
routes
      tracing, 484
routing, 23
      daemons, 24
      traceroute command, 27
routing tables, 24
RPC (Remote Procedure Call), 31
      querying statd for system status on hosts, 397
rpcgen command, 388
rpcinfo command, 389
rpm command, 390, 571, 572, 573-584
      database rebuild options, 582
      downloading packages off the internet, 574
      examples, 583
      FTP/HTTP options, 583
      general options, 574
      information selection options, 579
      install, upgrade, and freshen options, 575-577
      package selection options, 577-580
      query options, 577
      signature check options, 582
      uninstall options, 580
      verify options, 581
RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), 5, 572-585
      managing packages with up2date, 590-593
      managing packages with yum, 585-590
      package concepts, 573
      rpm command, 573-584
      rpmbuild command, 584
rpmbuild command, 571, 572, 584
rpmrc file, 574
rsh command, 390
rshd command, 390
rshift function (gawk), 787
rsync command, 391-397
rtag command (CVS), 833
runique command (ftp), 169
runlevel command, 397
runlevels, 214
      changing (telinit), 467
rup command, 397
ruptime command, 397
rusers command, 397
rusersd command, 398
rwall command, 398
rwho command, 398
rwhod command, 398

S[ Top ]
s command (sed), 766
Samba file and print server, 3
sandbox, 793, 840
sane-find-scanner command, 398
savedefault command (GRUB), 562
sbnext command (ex), 748
sbuffer command (ex), 748
scanadf command, 399
scanimage command, 400
Scanner Access Now Easy (SANE), 398
      scanadf command, 399
SCCS (Source Code Control System), 795
scheduling priority of running processes, 376
scheduling properties of a process, changing, 89
scheme command, 67
scp command, 401
screen command, 402-407
      keybindings, 404-407
      options, 403-404
screens
      vi editor movement commands, 727
script command, 407
scripts, RPM package spec file, 573
SCSI and USB scanners, locating, 398
sdiff command, 407
search command (yum), 590
search commands, 10
      Emacs, 709
      fgrep (file searching), 154
      grep, 192-194
      locate, 252
      look, 257
      zgrep, 527
search patterns, metacharacters in, 698
searching
      pattern matching, 697-703
      regular expressions, using, 701
      search-and-replace examples, ex and sed, 702
      vi editor movement commands, 728
Second Extended (ext2) filesystem, 15
Secure DNS, 126
      signing secure keyset, 126
      signing zonefile, 127
Secure DNS (DNSSEC) keys for domain name, 125
security
      firewalls, 27
      GRUB configuration file and, 549
      ssh, 431-435
security commands, 18
sed and gawk, 6
sed command, 409
sed editor, 754-768
      command-line syntax, 755
            GNU sed options, 756
            standard options, 755
      commands, 756-768
            alphabetical summary, 760-768
            basic editing, 759
            branching, 760
            I/O processing, 759
            line information, 759
            multiline input processing, 760
            syntax, 756-758
            yanking and putting, 759
      metacharacters in replacement patterns, 701
      operation of, 755
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
      search-and-replace examples, 702
      searching with regular expressions, 701
      transposing words, using pattern matching, 703
      typical uses, 754
select shell keyword, 678
send command (ftp), 169
sendmail command, 409-416
      command-line flags, 409-411
      configuration options, 411-415
      support files, 415
sendmail, creating database maps for, 281
sendport command (ftp), 169
sensors command, 416
seq command, 416
serial command (GRUB), 555
Serial Line IP (SLIP), 26
serial-lines, attaching as network interfaces (slattach), 427
server command (CVS), 834
set command
      bash and ksh, 678-683
      ex, 748
      lftp, 248
:set command (vi), 735-738
setfdprm command, 417
setkeycodes command, 417
setleds command, 417
setlog command (svnadmin), 880
setmetamode command, 418
setquota command, 418
setsid command, 419
setterm command, 419-421
setup command (GRUB), 562
sftp command, 421
sh (shell) command, 422
sha1sum command, 422
shadowed group file for passwords, 198
shared libraries required by programs, 236
shell command (ex), 748
shell functions, 633
shell programming commands, 10
shell variables
      bash and ksh shells, 634-643
            built-in, 636-638
            other, 638
      CVSROOT files, 812
shells, 6
      bash, 58
      creating for user (su), 451
      DLP (Desktop Link Protocol), 124
      Emacs special shell characters, 710
      ksh, 625
      login shell, changing, 89
      restricted, 650
      substituting environment variables, 138
      (see also bash; ksh)
shift command, 686
shopt command (bash), 683-686
showkey command, 423
showmount command, 29, 424
shred command, 424
shutdown command, 425
      sync command and, 454
sin function (awk), 787
site command (ftp), 169
size command, 425
      ftp, 169
skill command, 426
slabtop command, 426
slattach command, 427
sleep command, 427
      ksh93, 686
      usleep, 496
SLIP (Serial Line IP), 26
slocate command, 428
SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol), 21
snext command (ex), 748
snice command, 429
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), 21
sockets
      gawk, for coproceses, 778
soft (symbolic) links, 249
sort command, 429
sound cards
      advanced configuration with alsactl, 38
      command-line ALSA mixer, 39
      raw MIDI files, reading/writing, 39
sound, Enlightened Sound Daemon, 139-142
sound files
      CDDA, converting to WAV, 70-73
      Compact Disc audio files, recording in different formats, 73-75
      MIDI, playing with aplaymidi, 42
      playing with aplay, 41
      recording MIDI files, using ALSA, 46
      recording using ALSA, 46
Source Code Control System (SCCS), 795
source code for Linux, 6
source code management systems, 792-797
      Arch, 796
      CSSC, 796
      CVS, 795
      monotone, 797
      RCS, 795
      SCSS, 795
      Subversion, 796
      terminology, 792-794
      usage models, 794
source command (bash), 686
source command (ex), 748
source files
      examining with ctags, 106
SourceForge web site, 2
space character class, 699
spacing and syntax, xv
spec file, RPM packages, 573
special files (capable of sending or receiving data), 305
spellchecking, ispell command, 225
splashimage command (GRUB), 556
split command (ex), 749
split function (awk), 787
sprevious command (ex), 749
sprintf function (awk), 787
      format specifiers, 789
sqrt function (awk), 787
srand function (awk), 787
ssh command, 431-435
      environment variables, 434
      escape characters, 433
      files, 434
      options, 431
ssh-add command, 435
ssh-agent command, 436
sshd command, 438
ssh-keygen command, 436
ssh-keyscan command, 437
stable releases (Subversion), 844
Stallman, Richard, 7
stat command, 439-442
statd command, 442
status command
      CVS, 834
      ftp, 169
      svn, 872-874
status-line commands, vi editor, 726
stickiness, 799
stop command
      ex, 749
      ksh (Korn shell), 686
storage commands, 11
strace command, 442
stream editor (see sed editor)
strfile command, 444
strftime function (gawk), 787
string searches with apropos, 45
strings command, 445
strings, printing using specified formats (printf), 355
strip command, 446
strtonum( ) function, 777
strtonum function (gawk), 787
struct command (ftp), 169
stty command (bash and ksh), 447-451
stty tostop command, 649
su command, 451
sub function (awk), 788
subdomains, 24
substitute command (ex), 749
substr function (awk), 788
Subversion, 4, 6, 796, 839-887
      conceptual overview, 839
      converting CVS repository to, 842
      copy, modify, merge model, 794
      features, 840
      future releases, 845
      obtaining, 844
      other components, 886-887
      releases, 844
      source code, 845
      special file properties, 842-844
      svn command-line client, 848-876
            options, 848-851
            svn subcommands, 852-876
      svnadmin, repository administration with, 876-880
      svnlook, examining repository with, 881-885
      svnserve, providing remote access, 885
      using for version control, 846-848
sudo command, 452
sunique command (ftp), 169
support, 3
suspend command, 649
      bash and ksh, 687
suspend command (ex), 749
sview command (ex), 749
svn, 848-876
      options, 848-851
      subcommands, 852-876
svnadmin, 876-880
      options, 876
      subcommands, 877-880
svndumpfilter command, 886
svnlook, 881-885
svnserve, 885
svnversion command, 887
swapoff command, 454
swapon command, 454
swapspace, creating, 306
switch command (svn), 874
symbolic links, 249
      printing contents of symbolic link file, 375
symbols, removing from object files, 446
synaptic command, 621
sync command, 454
sysctl command, 454
sysklogd command, 455
syslogd command, 455
system
      information, displaying (uname), 491
      initializing, 214
      logged-in users, displaying (who), 511
system administration commands, 13-19
      agetty, 37
      filesystem, managing, 15
      kernel, managing, 17
      miscellaneous, 19
      networking, 17
      printing, 17
      security and system integrity, 18
      system activity and process management, 18
      users, 18
system command (ftp), 170
system control messages, displaying, 124
system function (awk), 788
system ID, setting, 419
system status commands, 11
      displaying uptime, 493
      load average, displaying (tload), 476
      top, 477-481
      usage information, displaying (w), 501
system tools, 4
System V
      killall5 command, 229
      ptx -G command, 362
systime function (gawk), 788

T[ Top ]
T command (sed), 768
t command (sed), 767
t command (ex), 750
tabs, converting whitespace to, 492
tac command, 456
tag, 793, 840
tag command (CVS), 834
tag command (ex), 750
tags command (ex), 750
tags, efficient tagging with Subversion, 841
tail command, 456
tailf command, 457
talk command, 457
tar command, 458-463
taskset command, 463
tbl program, output, handling, 90
tcpd command, 464
tcpdump command, 27, 464-466
TCP/IP, 19, 21-27
      administrative commands, 20
      arp command, 47
      configuring, 26
      dnsdomainname command, 124
      fingerd command, 159
      ftpd command, 170
      gateways and routing, 23
      ifconfig command, 210-212
      imapd command, 212
      included protocols, 21
      inetd command, 213
      IP addresses, 21
      logger command, 253
      name service, 24
      named command, 325
      netstat command, 327
      rdate command, 369
      rexecd command, 381
      rlogind command, 382
      rmail command, 383
      rndc command, 385
      route command, 386
      routed command, 388
      rup command, 397
      ruptime command, 397
      rusers command, 397
      rwall command, 398
      rwhod command, 398
      slattach command, 427
      talkd command, 457
      tcpd command, 464
      telnetd command, 468
      tftpd command, 473-475
      tracepath command, 484
      traceroute command, 484
      troubleshooting, 26
      xinetd command, 515-518
tcpslice command, 466
tcsh (enhanced C shell), 6
tee command, 466
telinit command, 467
telnet command, 467
telnetd command, 468
template file of C #define statements, 53
temporary filenames, generating unique (mktemp), 307
tenex command (ftp), 170
terminal
      clearing display, 90
      setting with agetty, 37
      switching to virtual terminal N, 90
terminal emulators, ANSI/VT100 emulation, enabling (screen), 402-407
terminal sessions, recording (script), 407
terminals
      deallocating virtual console, 112
      displaying name of (tty), 486
      GRUB, 557
      initializing (tset), 485
      I/O options, setting (stty), 447-451
      resetting, 377
      setting attributes, 419-421
      stopping background jobs attempting to send output, 649
      TERM shell variable, 640
test command, 470, 687
testload command (GRUB), 563
testvbe command (GRUB), 563
text
      editing with vi, 730
      formatting with fmt, 161
      pattern matching, 697-703
      vi editor movement commands, 726
text editors, 5, 6
      dual mode vs. modeless editing, 721
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
text files, connverting to paginated or columned version, 352
text manipulation, 5
text statement (bc), 62
text-based files, merging data in, 227
text-processing commands, 11
tftp command, 471
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), 471
      GRUB, 557
tftpd command, 473-475
Third Extended (ext3) filesystem, 15
~ (tilde), ex command, 753
time command, 475, 690
time (see dates and times)
time zones, displaying data about, 527
times command, 690
tload command, 476
tmpwatch command, 477
tolower function (awk), 788
top command, 477-481
top-level domains, 25
topological sort on partially ordered strings, 486
Torvalds, Linus, 1
touch command, 481
toupper function (awk), 789
tr (translate) command, 482-484
trace command (ftp), 170
tracepath command, 484
traceroute command, 27, 484
tracing system calls (strace), 442
Transaction Signatures (TSIG) keys for domain name, 125
translations with gettext tools, 779
Transmission Control Protocol (see TCP/IP)
transposing words, using pattern matching, 703
transposition commands, Emacs, 708
trap command, 690
tree command (svnlook), 884
trigger scriptlets, RPM package spec file, 573
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP), 471
      tftpd command, 473-475
troff command, 485
true command, 485
      bash and ksh, 691
true version history (Subversion), 840
trunk, 793
tset command, 485
tty command, 486
tune2fs command, 487-489
tunelp command, 489
type command
      bash, 691
      ftp, 170
      ksh, 692
typeset command, 692-693

U[ Top ]
\U (uppercase), all characters in replacement pattern, 700
\u (uppercase), first character in replacement pattern, 700
UID shell variable, 638
ul command, 490
ulimit command, 694
umask command
      bash and ksh, 694
      ftp, 170
umount command, 29, 490
unabbreviate command (ex), 750
unalias command, 695
uname command, 491
unary operators
      bash and ksh shells, 643
      bc program, 62
uncompress command, 492
underscores, translating to underlining, 490
undo command (ex), 750
undoing commands, Emacs, 708
unedit command (CVS), 835
unexpand command, 492
unhide command (ex), 750
unicode_start command, 492
unicode_stop command, 492
uniq command, 492
Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices, listing, 264
Universal Unique Identifier (UUID), 497
Unix, compared to Linux, 1
Unix shell command (sh), 422
unmap command (ex), 750
unset command, 695
until shell keyword, 695
up2date, 590-593
      command-line and a graphical interfaces, 591
      commands, 591
      options, 591-593
up2date-config command, 591
up2date-nox command, 591
update command
      cvs, 836
      svn, 875
      yum, 590
upgrade command (yum), 590
upper character class, 699
uppermem command (GRUB), 563
uptime command, 493
USB (Universal Serial Bus) devices, listing, 264
USB (Universal Serial Bus), locating scanners, 398
Usenet newsgroups, xii
user accounts, NIS, 31
user command (ftp), 170
user ID, printing current, 512
USER internal variable, 812
useradd command, 493
userdel command, 495
usermod command, 495
users
      creating or updating system users, 329
      enabling mounting/unmounting of filesystems, 29
      information about, finger command, 159
      logged-in, showing for system, 511
      login name, finding, 254
      management commands, 18
      printing message to all logged into a host (rwall), 398
      reporting on with rusers and rusersd, 397
      reporting those logged onto machines on local network, 398
users command, 496
usleep command, 496
uudecode command, 497
uuencode command, 497
uuid command, svnlook, 885
uuidgen command, 497

V[ Top ]
v command (sed), 768
v command (ex), 750
variable substitution, 634
      PS1-PS4 variables, 643
variables
      awk, built-in, 774
      awk, value assignments, 775
      bash and korn shells
            exporting, 664
      bash and ksh shell, 634-643
            arrays, 640
            built-in, 636-638
            discipline functions (ksh93), 641
            other, 638
            special prompt strings, 642
      CVSROOT directory, 811-812
      declaring in bash, 660
vbeprobe command (GRUB), 563
vdir command, 497
vendor branch (CVS), 825
verbose command (ftp), 170
verify command (svnadmin), 880
verifying ISO9660 image, 225
version command
      CVS, 837
      ex, 750
version-control systems, 4
      CVS, 108
      (see also CVS; Subversion)
versioned metadata, 841
VFAT filesystem, 16
vi editor, 6, 497, 720-738
      command mode, 724
      command-line syntax, 721-724
            options, 721-724
      commands, 724-735
            accessing multiple files, 732
            edit commands, 730
            insert, 729
            interaction with system, 733
            macros, 734
            miscellaneous, 734
            movement, 726-729
            saving and exiting, 732
            status-line, 726
            syntax, 724
            user-defined, characters for, 734
            window, 732
vi editor (continued)
      configuration, 735-738
            example .exrc file, 738
            ~/.exrc file, 721
            :set command, 735-738
      ex commands in, 739
      ex editor, 721
      insert mode, 724
      metacharacters in replacement patterns, 701
      modes, 721
      operating modes, 721
      overview, 720
      pattern-matching metacharacters, 700
vidmode command, 498
view command (ex), 751
vile text editor, 720
vim, 6
vim command, 498
vim editor, 721
      visual mode, 725
      (see also vi editor)
virtual consoles
      number of, determining, 154
virtual memory statistics, displaying (vmstat), 498-500
virtual terminal N, switching to, 90
virtual terminals
      deallocating and destroying, 112
      LED flag settings, 417
      Meta-key handling, 418
      openvt command, 342
visual command (ex), 751
VISUAL internal variable (cvs), 812
visual mode (vim), 725
vmstat command, 498-500
volname command, 500
vsplit command (ex), 751
VT (see virtual terminals)

W[ Top ]
W command (sed), 768
w command (sed), 768
w command, 501
\W, matching any non-word character, 699
\w, matching any word character, 699
wait command, 649
      bash and ksh, 695
      lftp, 248
wall command, 501
      ex editor, 751
warnquota command, 501
watch command, 502
      CVS, 837
watchers command (CVS), 838
WAV format, converting CDDA to, 70-73
wc command, 502
whatis command, 509
whatis database, searching with apropos, 45
When, 705
whence command (ksh), 695
whereis command, 509
which command, 510
while command, awk, 789
while shell keyword, 696
whitespace, converting to tabs (unexpand), 492
who command, 511
whoami command, 512
whois command, 512
width format specifier (printf and sprintf), 790
Windows
      dual booting, NT/2000/XP and Linux, 563-566
      FAT and VFAT filesystems, 16
windows
      Emacs, 705
      Emacs buffer, 705
      Emacs commands for, 710
      vi commands for, 732
Windows-based networking, 3
wireless network interface, configuration commands, 27
wlancfg command, 27
wnext command (ex), 751
word character class, bash and ksh shells, 628
word-abbreviation commands, Emacs, 709
wq command (ex), 752
wqall command (ex), 752
write command, 513
      ex, 751
write messages sent to your terminal by others, 288

X[ Top ]
x command (sed), 768
X command (ex), 752
X Window System (XFree86), ix, 4
xargs command, 513
xdigit character class, 699
XDR (eXternal Data Representation), 31
XFS (Extensible Filesystem), 15
xinetd command, 515-518
xit command (ex), 752
xor function (gawk), 789

Y[ Top ]
y command (sed), 768
yacc command, 518
yank command
      Emacs, 705
      ex, 752
yanking and putting commands (sed), 759
yanking (pasting) text in Emacs, 705
Yellow Dog updater modified (see Yum)
yes command, 519
yet another compiler-compiler (yacc), 518
youngest command (svnlook), 885
ypbind command, 31, 519
ypcat command, 520
ypinit command, 30, 520
ypmatch command, 521
yppasswd command, 521
yppasswdd command, 521
yppoll command, 522
yppush command, 30, 523
ypserv command, 30, 524
ypset command, 524
yptest command, 525
ypwhich command, 525
ypxfr command, 526
yum command, 586-587
Yum (Yellow Dog updater modified), 585-590
      yum command, 586-587
      yum commands, summary of, 587-590

Z[ Top ]
z command (ex), 752
zcat command, 526
zcmp command, 526
zdiff command, 527
zdump command, 527
zforce command, 527
zgrep command, 527
zic command, 527-530
ZIP drives, 325
zless command, 530
zmore command, 530
znew command, 531
zonefile (secure DNS), 127
zsh, 6