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Symbols[ Top ]
& (ampersand)
      &= (bitwise AND assignment) operator, 29, 39
      & (bitwise AND) operator, 29, 37
      & (boolean AND) operator, 29, 36
      && (conditional AND) operator, 29, 35
< > (angle brackets)
      < and > relational operators, string comparison and, 208
      < and > separator characters (tokens), 21
      > (greater than) operator, 14, 29, 35
      >= (greater than or equal) operator, 29, 35
      <<= (left shift assignment) operator, 29
      << (left shift) operator, 29, 38
      < (less than) operator, 29, 35
      <= (less than or equal) operator, 29, 35
      <<= (signed left shift assignment) operator, 39
      >>= (signed right shift assignment) operator, 29, 39
      >> (signed right shift) operator, 29, 38
      >>>= (unsigned right shift assignment) operator, 29, 39
      >>> (unsigned right shift) operator, 29, 38
      generics, use in, 159
* (asterisk)
      *= (multiplication assignment) operator, 29, 39
      dereference operator (C/C++), 82
      in doc comments, 313
      multiplication operator, 14, 29, 33
@ (at sign)
      filenames beginning with, Java compiler and, 338
      filenames preceded by
            javadoc program, 342
      in doc comments, 313
      separator character (tokens), 21
\ (backslash)
      character escapes in regular expressions, 213
      escaping in char literals, 23
[ ] (brackets)
      array access operator, 29, 31, 41
      index operator, 75, 78
            in multidimensional arrays, 80
      separator characters (tokens), 21
^ (caret)
      ^= (bitwise XOR assignment) operator, 29, 39
      bitwise XOR operator, 29, 38
      boolean XOR operator, 29, 37
: (colon)
      assertion expressions, separating, 60
      conditional operands, separating, 31, 40
      in statement labels, 43
      separator character (tokens), 21
      superclass, indicating in C++, 115
, (comma)
      separating list of expressions, 76
      separating variable names and initializers, 44
      separator character (tokens), 21
{ } (curly braces)
      anonymous class formatting, 154
      enclosing body of loop, 14
      enclosing statement blocks, 44
      in classes, 9
      inline doc comment tags, 316
      method body, enclosing, 11, 12
      nested if statements, use with, 45
      nesting arrays within arrays, 81
      separator characters (tokens), 21
-> (dereference) operator, C/C++, 82
$ (dollar sign)
      in identifiers, 20, 309
      in regular expressions, 213
. (dot)
      dot operator in Java and C/C++, 82
      object member access operator, 29, 41, 73
      separator character (tokens), 21
... (ellipsis) in variable-length argument lists, 69
= (equal sign)
      = (assignment) operator, 11, 29, 39
            combining with arithmetic, bitwise, and shift operators, 39
      = = (equals) operator, 29, 35, 132
            comparing enum values, 180
            comparing hashtable key objects, 225
            comparing objects, 85
            string comparisons, 208, 493
! (exclamation point)
      ! (boolean NOT) operator, 29, 36
      !! (jdb shorthand) command, 354
      != (not equals) operator, 29, 35
      jar: URL syntax, 564
- (minus sign)
      -- (decrement) operator, 29, 34
      -= (subtract assignment) operator, 29, 39
      - (subtraction) operator, 14, 29, 31, 33
      - (unary negation) operator, 29, 31, 33
      integer literals and, 24
( ) (parentheses)
      cast operator, 29
      conditional operands, using with, 40
      in expressions, order of evaluation and, 32
      in method names, 10
      in method parameters, 10
      method invocation operator, 29, 41
            side effects, 32
      operator precedence, overriding with, 30
      separator characters (tokens), 21
      subexpressions within regular expressions, 213
% (percent sign)
      %= (modulo assignment) operator, 29, 39
      % (modulo) operator, 29, 33
      in format specifiers, 780
+ (plus sign)
      += (add assignment) operator, 29, 39
            concatenating strings with, 33
      + (addition) operator, 29, 32
      ++ (increment) operator, 29, 34
            side effects, 32
      + (string concatenation) operator, 29, 33
      + (unary plus) operator, 29
      string concatenation operator, 208
      URL encoding, 585
? (question mark)
      ?: (conditional) operator, 29, 39
            operand number and type, 31
            return type, 31
      jdb help command, 354
      wildcards
            type parameters, 167
" (quotes, double)
      escaping in char literals, 23
      in string literals, 73
      string literals, 24
' (quotes, single)
      escape characters in char literals, 23, 73
; (semicolon), 8
      ending do loops, 49
      ending Java statements, 11
            compound statements and, 14
      for empty statements, 43
      separator character (tokens), 21
/ (slash)
      /** */, in doc comments, 20, 312
      /* */, in multiline comments, 9, 19
      / (division) operator, 29, 33
            /= (divide assignment) operator, 29, 39
      //, in single line comments, 8, 19
~ (tilde), bitwise complement operator, 29, 37
_ (underscore), identifier names and, 20
| (vertical bar)
      |= (bitwise OR assignment) operator, 29, 39
      | (bitwise OR) operator, 29, 37
      | (boolean OR) operator, 29, 37
      || (conditional OR) operator, 29, 36

Numbers[ Top ]
0- and 1-based arrays, 78
0 (zero)
      division by, 33
      negative and positive zero, 26
      represented by float and double types, 26

A[ Top ]
<A> (hyperlink) tag, avoiding in doc comments, 313
AbortPolicy class, 853
absolute filenames, 397
abstract classes, 128-130
      collections, 238
      InstantiationError, 471
      InstantiationException, 471
      interfaces vs., 135, 138
abstract methods, 128-130
      AbstractMethodError, 443
      dynamic method lookup, 130
      interfaces, 135
abstract modifier, 156
      in class definitions, 100
      enumerated types and, 190
      methods, 67
AbstractCollection class, 753
AbstractExecutorService class, 828
AbstractInterruptibleChannel class, 625
AbstractList class, 238, 754
AbstractMap class, 755
AbstractPreferences class, 893
AbstractQueuedSynchronizer class, 863
AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject, 864
AbstractSelectableChannel class, 626
AbstractSelectionKey class, 626
AbstractSelector class, 627
AbstractSequentialList class, 756
AbstractSet class, 757
AbstractStringBuilder class, 443
accept( )
      FileFilter interface, 400
      FilenameFilter interface, 401
      ServerSocket class, 570
      ServerSocketChannel class, 272, 621
access control, 124-127, 299, 301-304
      class members, 125
      classes, 125, 638
      digitally signed classes, 302
      to files, 402
      for packages, 124
      IllegalAccessError, 468
      inheritance and, 126
      java.security package, 288
      packages for, 204
      permissions and policies, 303
      policies described in system, user, and java.security.policy policy files, 306
      sandbox, 301
      trusted vs. untrusted code, changes in Java 1.2, 303
access modifiers, 124
      class members, 99
      (see also private modifier; protected modifier; public modifier)
AccessControlContext class, 641
AccessControlException, 642
AccessController class, 303, 639, 642
      checkPermission( ), 304
AccessibleObject class, 530
      setAccessible( ), 540
accessor methods, 127-128
      bean properties, 321, 322-323
AccountException class, 987
AccountExpiredException, 987
AccountLockedException, 987
AccountNotFoundException, 987
acquire( ) (Semaphore), 249
action names, permissions, 306
activeCount( ) (ThreadGroup), 506
activeGroupCount( ), 506
adapter classes, 152
add( ), 757
      AbstractCollection class, 753
      AbstractList class, 754
      BigDecimal class, 543
      Collection interface, 227, 766
      HashSet class, 787
      LinkedList class, 795
      List interface, 229, 797
      ListIterator interface, 798
      Permissions class, 667
      Queue interface, 234
      Set interface, 227, 813
      TreeSet class, 821
      Vector class, 824
add and remove methods for event listeners, 321
addAll( )
      Collection interface, 766
      List interface, 229, 797
      Map interface, 233
      Set interface, 227
addAllAbsent( )
      CopyOnWriteArrayList, 835
addAttribute( ) (AttributedString), 727
addAttributes( ) (AttributedString), 727
addCertPathChecker( ), 699
addCertStore( ), 700
addIfAbsent( )
      CopyOnWriteArrayList, 835
addition operator (+), 32
additive operators, associativity of, 30
addObserver( ) (Observable), 805
addPreferenceChangeListener( ), 295
addPropertyChangeListener( ), 323
addProvider( ) (Security), 672, 676
addShutdownHook( ) (Runtime), 114, 297
addVetoableChangeListener, 323
Adler32 class, 910
after( ), 222
agents, 203, 296, 336
      instrumentation, 517
      support for, in java.lang.instrument, 439
AlgorithmParameterGenerator class, 643
AlgorithmParameterGeneratorSpi class, 643
AlgorithmParameters class, 644
AlgorithmParameterSpec interface, 713
AlgorithmParametersSpi class, 644
algorithms, cryptographic
      digital signature algorithm for certificate, 365
      RC2 encryption algorithm, 944
      RC5 encryption algorithm, 945
      specifying for keys, 365
aliases( ) (Charset), 629
aliases for certificates and keys, 362
allAll( ) (Set), 813
allocate( )
      ByteBuffer class, 589
      CharBuffer class, 593
      DoubleBuffer class, 595
      FloatBuffer class, 596
      IntBuffer class, 597
      ShortBuffer class, 600
allocateDirect( ) (ByteBuffer), 589
allocating/deallocating memory (see garbage collection; memory)
AllPermission class, 645
AlreadyConnectedException, 602
AND operator (see &, under Symbols)
animation, threads for, 241
annotations, xviii, 159, 191-202, 511-515
      AnnotatedElement interface, 198, 456, 531
      Annotation class, 725
      Annotation interface, 199, 511
      annotation types, 159, 440, 441, 511
            defined, 192
            defining, 199
            Deprecated, 194, 462
            Documented, 513
            Inherited, 514
            local scope and, 148
            nonstatic member classes and, 145
            Override, 194, 481
            Retention, 514
annotations, annotation types (continued)
            SuppressWarnings, 195, 499
            Target, 515
      AnnotationFormatError, 512
      AnnotationTypeMismatchException, 512
      apt processing tool, 326
      Class class methods, 456
      concepts and terminology, 192
      Constructor class support for, 533
      ElementType, 513
      Field class support of, 534
      IncompleteAnnotationException, 513
      java.lang.annotation package, 203, 439
      meta-annotations, 201
      Method class, support for, 538
      @Override, 71, 131
      reflection on, 198, 529
      RetentionPolicy, 514
      standard, 194-196
            @Deprecated, 194
            @Override, 194
            @SuppressWarnings, 195
      @SuppressWarnings, 164
      syntax, 196-198
            defaults and, 198
            member types and values, 197
            targets, 197
      treated as modifiers, 66
annotationType( ), 512
anonymous array literals, 77
anonymous classes, 141, 151-154
      features of, 153
      implementation of, 155
      implementing adapter classes with, 152
      indentation and formatting, 154
      restrictions on, 153
      subclasses of enumerated types, 187
      syntax for defining and instantiating, 153
      when to use, 153
APIs (application programming interfaces), 135
      core Java APIs, 1
      extensions, 1
      platforms and operating systems, 2
apostrophe (see ', under Symbols)
AppConfigurationEntry class, 988
      LoginModuleControlFlag, 988
append( ) (StringBuffer), 496
Appendable interface, 207, 386, 440, 444
      formatting text for, 211
      implemented by PrintStream, 424
applets, 10
      access control restrictions, 303
      java.applet package, 204
      security and, 299
      security restrictions on, 301
application classes, default search path for, 351
application programmers, security for, 304
applyPattern( )
      ChoiceFormat class, 731
      DecimalFormat class, 737
      MessageFormat class, 743
      SimpleDateFormat class, 748
apt (annotation processing) tool, 326
Arabic text, 728
arbitrary-precision integers, 204
arguments, method, 12, 64
      IllegalArgumentsException, 468
      testing for legal values with assert statement, 63
      variable-length argument lists, 69, 97
      (see also variable-length argument lists)
arithmetic
      BigDecimal class, 543
            precision, 547
      integer arithmetic in Java, 25
      java.math package, 204
arithmetic operators, 32
      combining with assignment (=) operator, 39
      listed, 29
      return type, 31
ArithmeticException, 445
array access operator ([ ]), 29, 31, 41
ArrayBlockingQueue, 251, 829
arraycopy( ) (System), 79, 224, 500
ArrayList class, 231, 758
arrays, 12, 74-81, 224
      accessing array elements, 78
      Array class, 529, 531
      array types, 75
            widening conversions, 75
arrays (continued )
      ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, 57, 78, 322, 445
      Arrays class, 224, 759
            equals( ), 85
      ArrayStoreException, 76, 445
      as operand type, 31
      AtomicIntegerArray, 857
      bounds, 78
      of bytes, 255
            ByteArrayInputStream class, 390
            ByteArrayOutputStream class, 391
            reading from and writing to, 385
      of characters, 391
      comparing for equality, 85
      conversion rules, 87
      converting collections to and from, 237
      converting to strings, 34
      copying, 79
      creating and initializing, 76
            initializers, 76
      creating with new operator, 41
      generic methods and, 175
      GenericArrayType, 535
      indexed properties, JavaBeans, 322
      instanceof operator, using with, 40
      iterating, 78
      locks on, 56
      multidimensional, 80
            rectangular arrays, 81
      NegativeArraySizeException, 477
      as objects, 225
      ObjectStreamField objects, 316
      of parameterized type, 166
      streaming data to and from, 257
      of strings, 10
      utility methods, 79
asCharBuffer( ) (ByteBuffer), 593
ASCII
      7-bit character set, 18
      native2ascii tool, 366
asDoubleBuffer( ) (ByteBuffer), 595
asFloatBuffer( ) (ByteBuffer), 596
asIntBuffer( ) (ByteBuffer), 597
asList( ) (Arrays), 759
asLongBuffer( ) (ByteBuffer), 598
assertions, 60-64
      AssertionError class, 60, 445
      classes loaded through ClassLoader, 459
      compiling, 61
      disabling, 61
      enabling, 61
      errors in, 64
      options for Java interpreter, 334
      side effects, 63
      using, 62
asShortBuffer( ) (ByteBuffer), 600
assignment in expression statements, 42
assignment operators, 11, 29, 39
      combining with arithmetic, bitwise, and shift operators, 39
      return type, 31
      right-to-left associativity, 30
      side effects, 32
associativity, operator, 28, 30
      order of evaluation and, 32
asterisk (*) (see *, under Symbols)
AsynchronousCloseException, 602
atomic operations, 252, 750, 855-862
      createNewFile( ) (File), 398
AtomicBoolean class, 856
AtomicInteger class, 252, 856
AtomicIntegerArray class, 857
AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater class, 857
AtomicLong class, 858
AtomicLongArray class, 859
AtomicLongFieldUpdater class, 859
AtomicMarkableReference class, 860
AtomicReference class, 860
AtomicReferenceArray class, 861
AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater class, 861
AtomicStampedReference class, 862
Attr interface (DOM), 1033
Attribute class, 726
AttributedCharacterIterator interface, 725
AttributedString class, 726, 727
AttributeList interface (SAX), 1052
AttributeListImpl class (SAX), 1069
Attributes class, 870
      Name class, 871
attributes (DOM Element node), 1033
Attributes interface (SAX), 1052
Attributes2 interface (SAX), 1065
Attributes2Impl interface (SAX), 1065
AttributesImpl class (SAX), 1070
authentication, 301, 970-993
      Authenticator.RequestorType, 552
      classes, 288
            implementing with, 638
      MAC (message authentication code), 921, 933, 934
      messages transmitted with secret key, 933
      packages for, 204
      PasswordAuthentication class, 567
      SSL client, 965
Authenticator class, 551
@author javadoc tag, 314
AuthPermission class, 971
AuthProvider class, 645
autoboxing and unboxing conversions, xvii, 69, 88, 89, 159
automatic imports, 91
available( ) (InputStream), 407
availableCharsets( ) (Charset), 629
await( )
      Condition class, 248
      CountDownLatch class, 249
      CyclicBarrier class, 250
AWT programming (java.awt.peer), 310

B[ Top ]
\b (escape sequence for backspace), 23
BackingStoreException, 894
BadPaddingException, 922
bag (unordered collection), 754
BasicPermission class, 646
before( ), 222
Bidi class, 728
Bidirectional Algorithm (Unicode), 728
BigDecimal class, 218, 543-546
BIG_ENDIAN byte order, 592
BigInteger class, 219, 546
      implementing Callable, 243
binary data in files, reading from arbitrary locations, 253
binary files, reading, 255
binary numbers, 37
      Integer type conversions, 472
      Long type conversions, 474
binary operators, 31, 33
binarySearch( )
      Arrays class, 79, 224, 759
      Collections class, 237, 767
bind( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 572
BindException, 552
bitCount( ) (Integer), 472
bitfields (C language), 96
BitSet class, 761
bitwise operators, 29, 37
      boolean operators as, 36
      combining with assignment operator, 39
      return type, 31
blank lines in Java programs, 13
Bloch, Joshua, 133, 190
BLOCKED thread, 239, 504
blocking queues
      ArrayBlockingQueue, 829
      defined, 234
      LinkedBlockingQueue, 844
      PriorityBlockingQueue, 845
blocking threads, waking, 250
BlockingQueue interface, 225, 248, 830
body (class definitions), 99
boolean operators, 35
      listed, 29
      return type, 31
boolean type, 14, 22
      Boolean class, 439, 446
      conversion to other primitive types, 28
      get methods and, 128
      operator return values, 31, 34
bound properties, 321, 322
bounded wildcards, 168, 178, 542
      in generic methods, 172
      in generic types, 171
bounds for type variables, 170
boxing and unboxing conversions, xvii, 69, 88, 159
break statements, 54
      labels, use of, 43
      switch statements, stopping, 47
BreakIterator class, 729
breakpoints for jdb debugger, 354, 356
BrokenBarrierException, 831
BufferedInputStream class, 386, 388
BufferedOutputStream class, 386, 388
BufferedReader class, 386, 389
BufferedWriter class, 390
BufferOverflowException, 588
buffers, 386, 586
      basic operations, 264
      Buffer class, 587
      byte order, 592
      byte, views as other primitive types, 590
      ByteBuffer class, 264, 267, 589-592
      channels, using with, 265
      CharBuffer, 207, 267, 593-594
      DoubleBuffer, 595
      FloatBuffer, 595
      IntBuffer class, 596
      InvalidMarkException, 597
      LongBuffer, 598
      MappedByteBuffer, 599
      networking, size of, 556
      pushback, 427, 428
      ReadOnlyBufferException, 599
      ShortBuffer, 600
      size, setting for sockets, 570, 572
      StringBuffer class, 495-497
            using with StringWriter, 435
BufferUnderflowException, 589
bugs
      implementation-specific, portability and, 311
      security-related, 5
build( ) (CertPathBuilder), 689, 698
by reference, 158
byte code, 6
      displaying for methods with javap tool, 350
      verification of, 300
byte streams, 254
      ByteArrayInputStream class class, 390
      ByteArrayOutputStream class, 391
      CharConversionException, 393
      FileInputStream class, 400
      FileOutputStream class, 401
      InputStream class, 407
      java.io classes, 385
      PrintStream class, 424
            implementing Appendable, 386
      reading, 255, 394
      (see also input/output)
byte type, 22, 24
      Byte class, 217, 439, 447
      conversion to other primitive types, 28
      unsigned values, 394
ByteArrayInputStream class, 257, 385, 390
ByteArrayOutputStream class, 257, 385, 391
ByteBuffer class, 264, 267, 589-592
ByteChannel interface, 266, 603
byte-code verification, 510
byte-code-to-native code JIT compilers, 462
ByteOrder class, 592
bytes
      buffers of, converting to buffers of characters, 263
      CharConversionException, 393
      converting characters to, 421
      converting objects to, 286
      converting to characters, 403
      input/output, filtering, 385
      raw, reading from a stream, 386
      transferring from FileChannel to another channel, 269

C[ Top ]
C and C++
      array bounds, 78
      boolean type, Java differences, 22
      C++ features not found in Java, 157
      comments, recognition by StreamTokenizer, 433
      differences between C and Java, 95-97
      extends keyword (Java) vs. :, 115
      finalization methods in Java vs. C++, 113
      Java native methods, implementing in C, 348
      memory allocation, 86
            reclaiming, 111
      multiple inheritance, interfaces as alternative to, 135
      object-oriented programming in C++, 98
      performance, Java vs., 6
      reference types, 82
      unsigned keyword, 24
      variable declarations, 76
      virtual functions in C++, 122, 129
      void methods, 66
CA (certificate authority), 683
CacheRequest class, 553
CacheResponse class, 553
caching
      ResponseCache class, 569
      SecureCacheResponse class, 570
      SSL sessions, 964
      URLs, 583
Calendar class, 221, 222, 763
      GregorianCalendar class, 785
calendar (XMLGregorianCalendar class), 999
call( ), 243
Callable interface, 243, 831
      scheduling Callable objects, 244
CallbackHandlerProtection (KeyStore), 660
callbacks, 976-982
      Callback interface, 977
      CallbackHandler class, 991
      CallbackHandler interface, 977
      ChoiceCallback class, 978
      ConfirmationCallback class, 978
      javax.security.auth.callback, 970
      LanguageCallback class, 980
      NameCallback class, 980
      PasswordCallback class, 980
      TextInputCallback class, 981
      TextOutputCallback class, 981
      UnsupportedCallbackException, 982
CallerRunsPolicy class, 853
calling methods, 10
cancel( )
      Timer class, 818
      TimerTask class, 819
CanceledKeyException, 603
CancellationException, 832
canonical filenames, 397
canRead( ) (File), 397
canWrite( ) (File), 397
capacity( )
      ArrayList class, 758
      Vector class, 824
capacity (buffers), 587
carriage return (\r), 23
case
      capitalization, Java naming conventions, 308
      case-insensitive pattern matching, 214
      characters, 448
      charset names, 629
      conversions in strings, 492
      ignoring in string comparisons, 208, 492
case labels (switch statements), 47
      for enumerated types, 181
      restrictions on, 48
case-sensitivity in Java, 8, 19
casts, 27
      ( ) (cast) operator, 29, 41
      ClassCastException, 457
      hidden superclass field, accessing, 119
      narrowing conversions, reference types, 87
      objects to Object instance, 158
      super and this, using, 123
      (see also type conversions)
catch clause, 59
      annotations on parameters, 198
catching errors in assertions, 64
catching exceptions, 56
      jdb debugger, 354
      try/catch/finally statement, 58-60
cbrt( ) (Math), 476
CDATASection interface (DOM), 1034
certificate authority (CA), 683
certificate revocation lists (see CRLs)
Certificate.CertificateRep class, 684
CertificateException, 685
CertificateExpiredException, 685
CertificateFactory class, 686
CertificateFactorySpi class, 687
CertificateNotYetValidException, 687
CertificateParsingException, 687
certificates
      Certificate class, 683
      Certificate interface, 639, 646, 651, 680
      CertPathTrustManagerParameters class, 949
      creating self-signed for public key associated with alias, 364
      displaying contents with keytool, 364
      in keystore file, 329
      java.security.cert package, 682-707
      management by keytool, 362-366
      public key, associated with JAR file, 328
      storing in keystore, 362
certificates (continued )
      TrustedCertificateEntry (KeyStore), 662
      X.500, distinguished name, 364
      X509Certificate, private key for, 993
CertPath class, 688
CertPathBuilder, 689
CertPathBuilderException, 690
CertPathBuilderResult, 690
CertPathBuilderSpi, 691
CertPath.CertPathRep, 689
CertPathParameters, 691
CertPathValidator, 691
CertPathValidatorException, 692
CertPathValidatorResult, 693
CertPathValidatorSpi, 693
CertSelector, 693
CertStore class, 694
CertStoreException, 695
CertStoreParameters interface, 695
CertStoreSpi class, 695
chaining
      certificates, 688
      constructors, 117
      finalizers, 118
      methods
            buffers, 265
            overridden methods, 123
channel( ) (FileLock), 610
channels, 204, 263
      avoiding explicit character encoding/decoding, 628
      basic operations, 265
      ByteChannel interface, 266
      Channel interface, 601, 603
      Channels class, 604
            charset encoder/decoder, 630
      DatagramChannel, 272, 556
      FileChannel object, obtaining, 400, 401, 429
      files, reading and writing, 268-270, 607
      inheritedChannel( ), 501
      interrupted threads and, 250
      java.nio.channels package, 600-625
      nonblocking, 273-276
      ReadableByteChannel and WritableByteChannel, 266
      server-side networking, 272
      ServerSocketChannel, 272, 571
      service provider interface, 625-628
      SocketChannel, 573
            client-side networking with, 271
      streams and, 601
char literals, quoting in Java code, 73
char type, 22
      char values vs., 71
      Character class, 21, 448-451
            new methods in Java 5.0, 448
            static methods for working with characters, 23
      conversion to other primitive types, 28
      escape characters in char literals, 23
      surrogate pair, Unicode supplementary characters, 448
character encoding
      internationalization features, 6
      locale- and platform-dependent, 407
      native2ascii tool, 366
      OutputStreamWriter class, 421
      Unicode (see Unicode)
      UnsupportedEncoding-Exception, 436
      (see also charsets)
character sets (see charsets)
character streams, 254
      CharConversionException, 393
      filtering input streams, 405
      input and output, 386
      InputStreamReader class, 407
      LineNumberReader class, 410
      output, implementing Appendable interface, 386, 440
      OutputStreamWriter class, 421
      PipedReader class, 423
      PipedWriter class, 424
      PrintWriter class, 426
      PushbackReader class, 428
      Readable interface, implementing, 386
      Reader (input stream superclass), 430
      reading with BufferedReader, 389
      streaming data to and from arrays, 257
      StringReader class, 435
      superclass of output streams (Writer), 437
      writing with BufferedWriter, 390
      (see also input/output; streams)
CharacterCodingException, 629
CharacterData interface (DOM), 1034
characters, 205-217
      char data type, 22
      Character class, 206, 439, 448-451
            new methods in Java 5.0, 448
            Subset class, 451
            UnicodeBlock class, 452-454
      CharacterIterator interface, 730
      conventions for Java names, 309
      converting between byte buffers and character buffers, 263
      converting to bytes, 403
      encoding into and decoding from bytes, 586
      handling by StreamTokenizer, 433
      in identifiers, 20
      pattern matching with regular expressions, 212
      reading and writing streams of, 254
      string, CharSequence and CharBuffer interfaces, 207
      testing for different categories of, 448
      translating to bytes, 421
CharArrayReader class, 257, 391
CharArrayWriter class, 257, 392
charAt( )
      CharSequence interface, 455
      String class, 491
      StringBuffer class, 496
CharBuffer class, 265, 267, 593-594
CharSequence interface, 207, 265, 455, 492
      contentEquals( ), 208
charsets, 267, 586, 628-637
      Charset class, 267, 629
      CharsetDecoder class, 267
      CharsetEncoder class, 267
      CharsetProvider, 637
      conversions, 421
      decoding engine, 631
      encoding and decoding text with
            EUC-JP (for Japanese text), 267
      encoding engine, 633
      java.nio.charset package, 204
      required support by Java implementations, 629
      Unicode, 18
charValue( ) (Character), 448
checkAccess( )
      Thread class, 502
      ThreadGroup class, 506
checked exceptions, 68
      methods throwing, 66
CheckedInputStream class, 910
checkedList( ) and checkedMap( ) (Collections), 165
CheckedOutputStream class, 911
checkError( ), 426
checkGuard( ) (Guard), 650
checkPermission( )
      AccessControlContext class, 641
      AccessController class, 304, 642
      SecurityManager class, 487
checkRead( ) (SecurityManager), 302, 303
Checksum interface, 911
checksums, 255
      (see also message digests)
checkValidity( ) (X509Certificate), 702
Chinese ideographs, 23
ChoiceCallback class, 978
ChoiceFormat class, 730
Cipher class, 291, 921, 923-925
      NullCipher class, 935
cipher suites, SSL connections, 950
      client/server disagreement on, 959
      obtaining name of, 962
      setting, 961
      supported, getting full set of, 965
CipherInputStream class, 292, 925
CipherOutputStream class, 292, 926
CipherSpi class, 926
circular dependency, 458
class body, 99
      access to members, 125, 126
      anonymous classes, 152, 154
      enumerated types, 185
            value-specific, 186-189
Class class, 74, 283-285, 455-457
      dynamic class loading, 285
      dynamic instantiation with newInstance( ), 72
      getMethod( ), 537
      new methods, Java 5.0, 456
class fields, 102
      default initialization, 109
      initializing, 109
            static initializers, using, 110
class fields (continued )
      superclass, hiding, 119
      System.out.println( ), 106
class files, 94
      verification of, 300
class hierarchy, 87, 116
      containment hierarchy vs., 147
      omitting tree diagram in javadoc documentation, 346
class loading statistics (jstat), 361
class members
      access control, 124-127
      access rules, 126
      constructors and initializers, 106-111
      hiding fields and methods, 124
class methods, 102
      choosing between class and instance methods, 105
      example of, 103
      interfaces and, 135
      listing all for specified class with jdb debugger, 355
      overriding not allowed, 120
      static modifier, 67
      synchronized, 56
      System.out.println( ) ), 106
ClassCastException, 87
ClassDefinition class, 516
classes, 2, 5, 17, 71, 203
      abstract, 128-130, 156
            collections, 238
            rules for, 129
      access to, 125
      anonymous, 141, 151-154
      assertions, 61, 459
      bean (JavaBeans), 321
      byte-code verification, error, 510
      Class (see Class class)
      ClassCastException, 457, 770
      ClassCircularityError, 458
      ClassDefinition, 516
      ClassFormatError, 458
      ClassLoader class, 458
            enabling/disabling assertions, 62
      ClassNotFoundException, 460
      code source, 647
      constructors, fields, and methods, 529
      converting to strings, 34
      core, Java language, 203
      creating dynamically, with Proxy, 286
      defined, 98
      defining, 9, 72, 99
            modifiers, 99
            NoClassDefFoundError, 477
            static initializers, 110
      defining object types, 98
      deprecated (@deprecated javadoc tag), 315
      digital signatures for, 302
      disassembler tool (javap), 349-351
      documentation by javadoc, display of, 346
      dynamic loading, 285
      enumerated types, 179
      extending, 114-116
      final, 116
      garbage collection, disabling for, 336
      hiding (and encapsulating) data in, 124
      IllegalAccessError, 468
      IllegalAccessException, 468
      IllegalClassFormatException, 516
      implementing interfaces, 136
      IncompatibleClassChangeError, 470
      inner (see nested types)
      InvalidClassException, 408
      Java platform, 1
      javap display, including or excluding from, 350
      LinkageError, 474
      loading, 338
            dynamically, with Class, 285
            SecureClassLoader, 674
            URLClassLoader, 582
      local, 141, 147-151
      members of, 9
            class fields, 102
            static and instance, 100
      modifiers, 156
      names, simple and fully qualified, 89
      naming and capitalization conventions, 308
      online documentation, 20
      package, specifying for, 90
      permission, summary of, 306
      proxy, 540
      public
            in Java files, 94
            preventing insertion of public constructor, 118
      reference index, 1077-1146
      references to, in @see javadoc tag, 318
      reflection and dynamic loading, 283-286
      structs vs., 96
      system, code portability and, 311
      undocumented, portability and, 310
      UnsatisfiedLinkError, 509
      UnsupportedClassVersionError, 509
      version number, 370
ClassFileTransformer interface, 516
"Classic VM", 333
ClassLoadingMXBean interface, 518
classpaths
      application classes, specifying for javap, 351
      java, 333, 338
      javac compiler, 342
      javadoc program, 348
      javah tool, 348
      javap, for classes named on command line, 350
      jdb debugger, 357
      serialver tool, 370
clear( )
      Buffer class, 588
      Collection interface, 227, 766
      List interface, 797
      Map interface, 801
      PhantomReference class, 526
      Reference class, 527
clearAssertionStatus( ), 459
clearProperty( ) (System), 500
client applications, 261
      -client option (HotSpot VM), 332
client-side networking, nonblocking I/O, 275
Clock class, 241
clone( ), 75, 79, 460, 464, 691
      Mac class, 934
      MessageDigest class, 663
      Object class, 84, 134
Cloneable interface, 79, 134, 460
      arrays, 75
      implemented by collections and maps, 227
CloneNotSupportedException, 79, 84, 461, 464
close( )
      OutputStream class, 420
      Channel interface, 603
      CharArrayWriter class, 392
      Closeable interface, 386, 393
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      FileInputStream class, 400
      FileOutputStream class, 401
      InputStream class, 407
      JarOutputStream class, 874
      PrintWriter class, 426
      Reader class, 430
      Selector class, 605
      ServerSocket class, 571
      Socket class, 572
      SocketChannel class, 623
      StringWriter class, 435
      Writer class, 437
Closeable interface, 386, 393
ClosedByInterruptException, 604
ClosedByInterruptException class, 250
ClosedChannelException, 604
ClosedSelectorException, 605
closeEntry( ) (ZipInputStream), 919
closeInbound( ), 956
closeOutbound( ), 956
code
      critical sections, 56
      formatting and indenting, 19
code blocks, synchronized, 245
code libraries, reading into the system, 501
codePointAt( )
      Character class, 448
      String class, 493
codePointBefore( ) (Character), 448
codePointCount( )
      Character class, 448
      String class, 493
codepoints, 23
      illegal format exception, 790
CoderMalfunctionError, 633
CoderResult class, 634
CodeSigner class, 647
CodeSource class, 639, 647
CodingErrorAction class, 635
CollationElementIterator class, 731
CollationKey class, 732
Collator class, 209, 733
      RuleBasedCollator class, 747
CollectionCertStoreParameters, 696
collections, 225-238
      abstract classes to implement common collections, 238
      AbstractCollection class, 753
      AbstractList class, 754
      AbstractMap class, 755
      of certificates, 694
      CertStoreParameters, 696
      changes in Java 5.0, 751
      classes in java.util package, 751, 752
      Collection interface, 225, 766, 795
            add( ) and addAll( ), 227
      Collections class, 767
            special-case collections, 236
            utility methods, 237
            wrapper methods, 236
      Collections Framework, 225
            generics in Java 5.0, 225
      converting to and from arrays, 237
      for/in loop, 52
      Hashtables class, 293
      immutable or unmodifiable, error, 510
      implementing Cloneable or Serializable, 227
      List interface, 229
      Map interface, 231-234
      packages for, 204
      Permission objects, 667
      primitive values, boxing and unboxing conversions, 88
      queues, 234-235
      RandomAccess interface, 225
      runtime type safety, 165
      Set interface, 227
      typesafe (see generic types)
combination assignment operators, 39
combine( ) (DomainCombiner), 649
command( ) (ProcessBuilder), 482
command-line tools
      enabling assertions, 61
      Java interpreter, -classpath option, 94
      javac compiler, 8
Comment interface (DOM), 1035
commentChar( ), 433
comments, 9, 19
      doc, 312-320
      single-line, enclosed with //, 8
      StreamTokenizer and, 433
compact( ), 266
      ByteBuffer class, 590
Comparable interface, 133, 176-178, 461
      implementation by enumerated types, 180
Comparator interface, 770
compare( )
      Collator class, 733
      Comparator interface, 770
      Double class, 463
compareTo( )
      BigDecimal class, 543
      BigInteger class, 546
      ByteBuffer class, 591
      Character class, 448
      Charset class, 630
      CollationKey class, 732
      Comparable interface, 133, 461
      Date class, 222
      Double class, 463
      Enum class, 464
      enumerated types, 180
      String class, 209, 492
compareToIgnoreCase( ), 208, 492
comparing
      hashtable key objects, 225
      strings, 208
comparison operators, 34
      listed, 29
      precedence, boolean vs., 36
      return type, 31
compilation units, 18
compile( )
      Pattern class, 214
      XPath class, 1026
compileClass( ), 462
compileClasses( ), 462
Compiler class, 462
compiler (javac), 8, 338-342
compiling
      assertions, 61
      Java program (example), 7
      varargs methods, 69
CompletionService interface, 832
compound statements, 14, 43
compression, 255
      JAR files, 330
      java.util.zip package, 909-920
      Pack200, 875-877
      pack200 tool, 366
      unpack200 tool, 371
      ZIP files and gzip format, 751
computed goto or jump table, 46
com.sun.javadoc package, 342
concat( ) (String), 493
concatenating data from multiple input streams, 431
concatenating strings, 208, 496
      + and += operators, 33
      string literals, 74
concrete subclass, 129
concurrency, 238-252
      atomic operations, 252, 750, 855-862
      blocking queues, 251
      BlockingQueue interface, 225, 234, 830
            implementations, 251
      ConcurrentHashMap class, 233
      CopyOnWriteArrayList, 231
      CopyOnWriteArraySet, 228
      exclusion and locks, 245-247
            deadlock, 247
            Lock objects, 246
      java.util.concurrent package, xviii, 204, 750, 827-855
      locks, 750, 862-869
            Condition objects, 248
      running and scheduling tasks, 241-245
            ExecutionException, 244
            Executor interface, 242
            ExecutorService, 243
            Future object, 244
            ScheduledExecutorService, 244
            ThreadPoolExecutor, 243
            Timer and TimerTask, 242
      synchronizer utilities, 249
      TimeUnit class, 241
ConcurrentHashMap class, 233, 832
ConcurrentLinkedQueue class, 235, 833
ConcurrentMap interface, 233, 834
ConcurrentModificationException, 771, 793, 798
Condition interface, 864
Condition objects, 248
conditional AND operator (&&), 29, 35
conditional operator (?:), 29, 31, 39
      return type, 31
conditional OR operator (||), 29, 36
ConditionObject class, 864
Configuration class, 989
configuration files
      logging, 212
      Properties class, using for, 293
configureBlocking( )
      SelectableChannel class, 617
      SocketChannel class, 622
ConfirmationCallback class, 978
connect( )
      DatagramChannel class, 606
      DatagramSocket class, 556, 567
      PipedInputStream class, 422
      PipedOutputStream class, 422
      PipedReader class, 423
      Socket class, 572
      SocketChannel class, 602, 622
ConnectException, 553
ConnectionPendingException, 605
console
      displaying text on, 255
      input, reading, 254
ConsoleHandler class, 878
constants
      defined by an enumerated type, 456
      ElementType, 513
      enum, 179
      EnumConstantNotPresentException, 465
      HttpURLConnection, 559
      in interface definitions, 135
            inheritance of, 139
      Java object serialization, 418
      Modifier class, 539
      naming conventions, 102, 309
      RetentionPolicy, 514
      RoundingMode, 548
      separator characters defined by File class, 397
      static and final
            in anonymous classes, 153
            in local classes, 148
      static member import declarations, 93
      Thread.State, 239
      TimeUnit class, 241
      XML, 995
            DatatypeConstants, 996
      (see also enumerated types)
constrained properties, 321, 323
Constructor class, 72
constructors, 66, 106-111
      anonymous classes and, 152
      chaining, default constructor and, 117
      class, 529
      Constructor class, 533
            changes in Java 5.0, 533
      defined, 107
      defining, 107
            multiple, 108
            naming, declaring, and writing, 107
      enumerated types, 180, 185, 190
      field initialization code in, 109
      how they work, 107
      interfaces and, 135
      invoking from another constructor, 108
      local classes, enclosing instance passed to, 149
      member classes, 146
      references to, in @see javadoc tag, 319
      subclass, 116
      superclass, 116
containing classes
      associating instance with local class, 148
      instance, specifying for member class, 146
containment hierarchy, 147
contains( )
      HashSet class, 787
      Collection interface, 766
      CopyOnWriteArraySet, 836
      Set interface, 227
      TreeSet class, 821
containsAll( ) (Collection), 766
containsKey( )
      Map interface, 232, 801
      TreeMap class, 820
containsValue( ) (Map), 801
contentEquals( )
      CharSequence interface, 208
      String class, 492
ContentHandler interface, 277, 554, 1053-1055
ContentHandlerFactory interface, 554
continue statements, 54
      for and while loops, 60
      labels, use of, 43
control flags (login module), 988
conversion types, Formatter, 779-782
conversions, type (see type conversions)
CookieHandler class, 554
copy( ) (Collections), 768
copy constructor, 134
CopyOnWriteArrayList class, 231, 834
CopyOnWriteArraySet class, 836
core Java APIs, 1
corrupted streams, 433
cosh( ) (Math), 476
CountDownLatch class, 249, 836
counters for loops, incrementing, 34, 48
covariant returns, xvii, 120, 159
      AbstractStringBuilder class, 443
CRC32 class, 912
create( ) (URI), 579
createNewFile( ) (File), 398
createServerSocket( ), 962
createSocket( )
      SocketFactory class, 947
      SSLSocketFactory class, 966
createSSLEngine( ) (SSLContext), 955
createTempFile( ) (File), 398
CredentialException, 989
CredentialExpiredException, 990
CredentialNotFoundException, 990
credentials
      destroying or erasing, 972
      KerberosKey, 983
      KerberosTicket, 984
      PrivateCredentialPermission, 973
      refreshing, 974
critical sections, 56
CRLs (certificate revocation lists), 682, 686
      CRL class, 696
      CRLException, 696
      CRLSelector, 697
      X509CRL class, 705
      X509CRLEntry, 706
      X509CRLSelector, 706
cross-references in doc comments, 318
cryptographic checksums (see message digests)
cryptographic-strength random numbers, 218
cryptography, 290-292, 301, 921-945
      algorithms, parameters for, 644
      arbitrary-precision integers, using, 543
      BigInteger methods used for algorithms, 546
      DSA, RSA, and EC public and private keys, 707-723
      encrypted objects, 292
      encrypting/decrypting streams, 292
      encryption and decryption with Cipher, 291
      Java Cryptography Extension (JCE), 639
      javax.crypto package, 921-938
      javax.crypto.interfaces package, 938-939
      javax.crypto.spec package, 939-945
      keys, invalid, 653
      keytool program, 362-366
      private key, 669
      PublicKey interface, 673
      public/private key, 639
            in digital signatures, 289
            key management, 362-366
            keystore file for certificates, 329
      resources for further reading, 922
      secret keys, 290
      service provider, not available, 665
      symmetric-key, 290
cube root of a number, 476
currency formats, 744
currency symbols (Unicode), in identifiers, 20
currentThread( ) (Thread), 502
currentTimeMillis( ) (System), 221, 500
CyclicBarrier class, 250, 837

D[ Top ]
daemon, specifying thread as, 502
data
      accessor methods, 127-128
      compressing and writing to file, 255
      encapsulation of, 99
      hiding and encapsulating, 123-128
            access control, 124-127
      streaming (see input/output; streams)
data types, 11
      array, 75
      buffer classes for, 264
      classes as, 71
      conditional operands, 40
      conversions (see type conversions)
      declaring for variables, 43
      element type (arrays), 74
      equality, testing, 35
      fields, initializing, 109
      getSimpleName( ), 456
      interfaces as, 137
      literals (Class class), 74
      method returns, 65
      nested, 140-156
      operand, 31
      parameterized, 52
      primitive, 21-27
            floating-point, 25
            integer types, 24
            wrapper classes for, 217
            (see also primitive data types)
      reference, 22, 81-89
      reflection and dynamic loading, 283-286
      return, for operators, 31
      specifying when added to API (@since doc comment), 315
      strings, 73, 205
            escape sequences, string literals, 24
      in switch statements, 46
      switch statement with case labels, 48
      Type interface, 541
      vs. values represented by, 71
      XML, 994, 995-1000
DataFormatException, 912
DatagramChannel class, 272, 605
DatagramPacket class, 262, 555
datagrams, 262
      defined, 555
DatagramSocket class, 262, 555
      channel associated with, 556
DatagramSocketImpl class, 557
DatagramSocketImplFactory interface, 558
DataInput interface, 393
DataInputStream class, 386, 394
DataOutput interface, 395
DataOutputStream class, 386, 395
DatatypeConfigurationException, 996
DatatypeConstants class, 996
DatatypeConstants.Field class, 997
DatatypeFactory class, 997
      newInstance( ), 996
Date class, 772
DateFormatSymbols class, 737
dates and times, 221-223
      Calendar class, 222
      certificate validity checks, 700
      classes in java.util package, 751
      Date class, 221, 222, 772
      Duration class, 998
      formatting, 223, 741
            DateFormat class, 223
            DateFormat.Field, 736
            locale-specific, 737
      formatting and parsing, 747
      locale-specific formats, 734
      milliseconds and nanoseconds, 221
      period of validity (in days) for certificates, 366
      System class, 500
      Timestamp class, 680
      TimeZone class, 819
      XMLGregorianCalendar class, 999
deadlock (thread synchronization), 247, 525
debugger for Java classes (jdb), 353-357
debugging
      assertions, enabling for, 60
      HTTP clients, 261
      Java interpreter options for, 336
      java_g (debugging version of Java interpreter), 333
      logging, using for, 211
      remote (jsadebugd tool), 359
decimal numbers
      BigDecimal class, 543-546
      floating-point modes defined by IEEE 754R standard, 547
      fractions, representing, 219
      Short type conversions, 488
      specifying decimal places, 544
DecimalFormat class, 737-739
DecimalFormatSymbols class, 739
declarations
      class fields, 102
      constructors, 107
      exceptions, 68
      field, 101
            variable vs., 109
      for/in loop variables, 51
      GenericDeclaration interface, 535
      methods, 10
      package, 90
      variables, 11, 76
            local variables, 43
            placement of, 14
DeclHandler interface (SAX), 1066
decode( )
      Charset class, 629, 630
      CharsetDecoder class, 629, 631, 634
      CoderMalfunctionError, 633
      Integer class, 472
      Short class, 488
      URLDecoder class, 585
decodeLoop( ), 633
decoding byte sequences into character strings, 267
decrement expression statements, 42
decrement operator (--), 29, 34
      return type, 31
decryption (see cryptography)
deep copy, 85
deepEquals( ) (Arrays), 79
deepHashCode( ) (Arrays), 79
deepToString( ) (Arrays), 79
default constructor, 118
default: label, 47
      enumerated types, 182
defaultCharset( ), 629
defaulted( ) (GetField), 414
DefaultHandler class (SAX), 277, 1071
DefaultHandler2 interface (SAX), 1066
defineClass( ) (SecureClassLoader), 674
definePackage( ) (ClassLoader), 459
defining
      classes, 9, 72
            simple (Circle class example), 100
            static initializers, 110
      constructors, multiple, 108
      interfaces, 135
      Java programs, 94
      local classes, 147
      methods, 10
      packages, 90
      system classes, portability and, 311
deflate( ) (Deflater), 912
Deflater class, 912
DeflaterOutputStream class, 913
Delay interface, 244
Delayed interface, 837
DelayQueue class, 251, 838
DelegationPermission class, 982
delete( )
      File class, 398, 402
      StringBuffer class, 496
delete permission, 402
deleteCharAt( ) (StringBuffer), 496
deleteEntry( ) (KeyStore), 658
deleteOnExit( ) (File), 398
deleting temporary files, 113
@Deprecated annotations, 194, 440, 462
deprecated features, omitting from javadoc documentation, 345
@deprecated javadoc tags, 194, 315
      package.html file, 319
dereference operators (* and ->), C and C++, 82
DESedeKeySpec class, 940
deserializing objects (see serialization)
DESKeySpec class, 940
destroy( )
      Destroyable interface, 972
      KeyStore.PasswordProtection, 661
      Process class, 482
Destroyable interface, 972, 993
DestroyFailedException, 972
destroying objects, 111-114
DHGenParameterSpec class, 941
DHKey interface, 938
DHParameterSpec class, 941
DHPrivateKey interface, 938
DHPrivateKeySpec class, 941
DHPublicKey interface, 939
DHPublicKeySpec class, 942
Dictionary class, 773
Diffie-Hellman key-agreement algorithm, 930
      public/private key pairs, 938, 939
      three-party agreement, 930
digest( ) (MessageDigest), 648, 664
DigestException, 648
DigestInputStream class, 256, 639, 648
DigestOutputStream class, 639, 649
digit( ) (Character), 448
digital signatures, 289, 301, 302
      algorithm that signs a certificate, 365
      jarsigner tool, 328
      Signature class, 677
      SignatureException, 678
      SignatureSpi class, 679
      SignedObject class, 290, 679
      Signer class, 680
direct buffers, 589, 591
      MappedByteBuffer, 599
directionality of a character, 448
directories, 252
      creating, renaming, and deleting, 398
      listing contents of, 397, 400
      names of, platform-independent, 397
      naming, portability and, 311
      (see also files)
directory( ) (ProcessBuilder), 483
DiscardOldestPolicy class, 854
DiscardPolicy class, 854
disconnect( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      HttpURLConnection class, 559
displaying output, 12
displaying text on the console, 255
distinguished name
      CRL issuer, 706
      X.500 certificate, 364
distributed computing packages, 204
divide( ) (BigDecimal), 543
division by zero, 25, 33
division operator (/), 33
do statements, 49
      continue, using, 55
doAs( ) (Subject), 975
doAsPrivileged( ) (Subject), 975
doc comments, 20, 312-320
      cross-references, 318
      defined, 312
      images in, 313
      in javadoc program output, 342
      overview, use by javadoc, 346
      for packages, 319
      spaces in, 313
      structure of, 313
      tags
            custom, 347
            inline, within HTML text, 316
            listing of, 314-318
doclet API (javadoc), 342
{@docRoot} javadoc tag, 317
Document interface (DOM), 1035
Document Type Definition (DTD), 1037
documentation
      doc comments, 312-320
            cross references, 318
            doc-comment tags, 314-318
            structure of, 313
documentation (continued )
      javadoc program, 342-348
            locale, 345
      undocumented classes, portability and, 310
DocumentBuilder class, 1002
DocumentBuilderFactory class, 1003
@Documented annotations, 202, 462, 513
DocumentFragment interface, 1036
DocumentHandler interface (SAX), 1055
DocumentType interface (DOM), 1037
DOM (Document Object Model), 276
      documentation, 1032
      DocumentBuilder class, 1002
      javax.xml.transform.dom package, 994, 1015-1016
      org.w3c.dom package, 1032-1050
      parser for XML, 204, 278
      tree representation of XML documents, 280
      validation of source documents, 1024
domain names, using in package naming, 90
DomainCombiner interface, 649, 975
DOMConfiguration interface, 1037
DOMError interface, 1038
DOMErrorHandler interface, 1038
DOMException class, 1038
DOMImplementation interface, 1040
DOMImplementationList interface, 1041
DOMImplementationSource interface, 1041
DOMLocator interface, 1015, 1041
DOMResult class, 1015
DOMSource class, 282, 1016
DOMStringList interface, 1042
double type, 12, 14, 22, 25, 462
      conversion to other primitive types, 28
      Double class, 26, 217
DoubleBuffer class, 595
doubleToLongBits( ), 463
doubleToRawBits( ), 463
do/while statements, 49
drainTo( ) (Queue), 235
DSA encryption algorithm, 365
DSA, RSA and EC public and private keys, 707, 712
DSAKey interface, 708
DSAKeyPairGenerator interface, 708
DSAParameterSpec interface, 714
DSAParams interface, 709
DSAPrivateKey interface, 709
DSAPrivateKeySpec interface, 714
DSAPublicKey interface, 709
DSAPublicKeySpec interface, 714
DTD (Document Type Definition), 1037
DTDHandler interface (SAX), 277, 1055
duplicate( ) (ByteBuffer), 590
Duration class, 998
dynamic class creation, 286
dynamic class instantiation, 72
dynamic class loading, 285
      security risks, 299
dynamic method lookup, 121, 122
      abstract methods, 130

E[ Top ]
ECPublicKey interface, 710
ECPublicKeySpec class, 717
editors, text, 8
Effective Java Programming Language Guide, 133, 190
element( ) (Queue), 235
Element interface (DOM), 279, 1042
element type, 74
elementAt( ) (Vector), 824
elements( )
      Hashtable class, 788
      Permissions class, 667
      Vector class, 824
elements of an array, 12, 74
      accessing, 78
ellipsis (...), in variable-length argument lists, 69
elliptic curve public keys, 710
EllipticCurve class, 717
else clause (if/else statements), 45
else if clause, 45
emacs text editor, 8
empty collections, 237, 768
empty interfaces, 139
empty statements, 43
emptyMap( ), 231
EmptyStackException, 774
encapsulation of data, 99, 123-128
      access control, 124-127
            inheritance and, 126
enclosing classes (see containing classes)
encode( )
      Charset class, 629, 630
      CharsetDecoder class, 634
      CharsetEncoder class, 267, 633
      CoderMalfunctionError, 633
EncodedKeySpec interface, 718
encodeLoop( ), 633
encoding and decoding text, 267
encoding/decoding data
      CertPath encodings, 688
      charsets, 586, 628-637
            Unicode, 18
      encoding of a certificate chain, 686
      javadoc output, 343
      tool for, 366
      Unicode strings to/from bytes, 204
      URLDecoder class, 585
      URLEncoder class, 585
      (see also charsets)
EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo class, 927
encryption/decryption of data (see cryptography; SSL)
end users, security for, 305
endorsed standards, 89
endsWith( ) (String), 492
enforcing method preconditions, 63
engineSetMode( ) (CipherSpi), 926
engineSetPadding( ) (CipherSpi), 926
enhanced for statement (see for/in statements)
enqueue( ) (Reference), 527
ensureCapacity( )
      ArrayList class, 758
      Vector class, 825
enterprise packages of Java, 204
Entity interface (DOM), 1043
EntityReference interface (DOM), 1044
EntityResolver interface (SAX), 277, 1056
EntityResolver2 interface (SAX), 1067
entries( ), 918
      JarFile class, 872
entry in a keystore, 660
      private key, 661
Entry interface (Map), 231, 232, 802
entrySet( )
      AbstractMap class, 755
      Map interface, 801, 802
      SortedMap interface, 815
Enum class, 178
enum constants, 179
enum keyword, 179
EnumConstantNotPresentException, 465
enumerate( ) (ThreadGroup), 505
enumerated types, 159, 178-191, 225
      annotations and, 198, 511
      as classes, 179
      Class methods supporting, 456
      DatatypeConstants.Field, 997
      DateFormat.Field, 736
      defined, 179
      ElementType, 513
      Enum class, 181, 440, 464
      enum syntax, advanced, 185-190
            class body, 185
            implementing an interface, 186
            restrictions on enum types, 189
            value-specific class bodies, 186-189
      EnumMap, 182, 751
      EnumSet, 183-185, 751
      features of, 179
      fields of, 534
      Formatter.BigDecimalLayoutForm, 785
      java.net package, 550
      KeyRep.Type, 657
      local scope and, 148
      MemoryType, 522
      nonstatic member classes and, 145
      NumberFormat.Field, 745
      Proxy.Type class, 568
      RetentionPolicy, 514
      RoundingMode class, 548
      SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus, 957
      SSLEngineResult.Status, 958
      static member import declarations, 93
      switch statement and, 181
      Thread.State, 239, 504
      TimeUnit, 221, 241, 854
      typesafe enum pattern, 190
enumerated values, 179
enumeration implemented with anonymous class, 151
Enumeration interface, 774
      Iterator interface vs., 793
EnumMap class, 182, 225, 233, 751
enums (see enumerated types)
EnumSet class, 183-185, 225, 228, 751
      factory methods for initializing enumerated values, 184
      restrictions on, 227
environment( ) (ProcessBuilder), 483
environment variables
      CLASSPATH, 94
            java, 338
            javac compiler, 342
            javadoc, 348
      platform-dependent, 501
EOFException, 57, 396
eolIsSignificant( ), 433
epoch, 221
equality operators, 29, 35
      comparing objects with = =, 85
      return type, 31
equals( ), 85, 821, 822, 826
      Annotation interface, 512
      Arrays class, 79, 224, 759
      ByteBuffer class, 591
      Charset class, 630
      Collection interface, 226
      Comparator class, 461
      Date class, 222
      Enum class, 464
      enumerated types, 180
      Hashtable class, 788
      Object class, 132, 480
      String class, 209, 492, 493
      string comparison, 208
equalsIgnoreCase( ) (String), 492
error( ) (Validator), 1024
Error class, 57, 465
      unchecked exceptions, 68
error messages, 58
error streams, system, 399, 500
ErrorHandler interface (SAX), 277, 1056
ErrorListener interface, 1008
ErrorManager class, 878
errors, 15
      assertion, 60
      in assertions, 64
      DOMErrorHandler, 1038
      java.lang.annotation package, 511
      PrintWriter class, 426
      (see also exceptions)
escape sequences
      in char literals, 23
      in regular expressions, 213
      in string and char literals, 73
      in string literals, 24
      for Unicode characters, 19
EUC-JP charset (Japanese text), 267
evaluate( ) (XPath), 1026
evaluating expressions, 28
      operator associativity and, 30
      order of, 32
EventListener interface, 321
EventObject class, 321
events
      Event class, 324
      EventListener interface, 324, 776
      EventObject class, 324, 777
      JavaBeans model, 321
            conventions for, 324
      listeners for, registering, 323
      PropertyChangeEvent class, 321
@exception javadoc tag, 315
exceptions, 15
      bean property accessor methods, 322
      catching and handling with jdb debugger, 354
      causing run( ) method of a thread to exit, 502
      checked, declaring, 68
      classes, 57
      Exception class, 57, 466
      ExceptionInInitializerError, 466
      finalizer methods, 113
      handlers for, 57
      handling with try/catch/finally statement, 58-60
      indexed property accessor methods, 322
      parameterized, 175
      subclasses of Error, 57
      subclasses of Exception, 57
      subclasses of RuntimeException, 68
      thread, 240
      Throwable interface, 440, 507
      throwing, 56, 66
      uncaught, in threads, 505
      unchecked, 68
Exchanger class, 249, 839
exclamation point (see !, under Symbols)
exclusive locks, 270, 608
Exclusive OR (see XOR operator)
exec( ) (Runtime), 310, 402, 484
executable JAR files, running programs from, 332
execute permission, 402
ExecutionException, 244, 839
Executor interface, 242, 839
ExecutorCompletionService class, 840
Executors class, 244, 840
ExecutorService interface, 243, 841
ExemptionMechanism class, 928
ExemptionMechanismException, 929
ExemptionMechanismSpi class, 929
exists( ) (File), 397
exit( )
      Runtime class, 484
      System class, 59, 500
exitValue( ) (Process), 482
exponential notation, 25
exponentiation functions, 217
expression statements, 42
expressions, 13, 14, 18
      addition, combining with string concatenation, 33
      anonymous class definitions as, 151
      assertion, 60, 61
            side effects of, 63
      comma-separated list, 76
      evaluating in loops, 14, 48
            continue statement and, 55
            initializing and updating loop variables, 50
      jdb syntax, 353
      operators and, 28-41
            ( ) (parentheses), use of, 30
            operator precedence, 30
            order of evaluation, 32
            summary of Java operators, 28-29
            (see also operators)
extcheck utility, 327
extending a class, 99, 114-116
      enumerated types and, 181
      top-level class extending member class, 146
extending interfaces, 136
extensions, 1
      standard, portability and, 311
external processes, communicating with, 295
Externalizable interface, 316, 397

F[ Top ]
\f (form feed), 23
factorials, computing (example program), 7-16
FactoryConfigurationError, 1004
FailedLoginException, 990
false values (boolean), 22
fatalError( ) (Validator), 1024
feature (doc comment cross-references), 318
fields
      accessible to local classes, 149
      atomic operations on (without locking), 252
      class, 100, 529
            hiding, 124
            initializing, 106
      DateFormat.Field class, 736
      declaration syntax, 101
      defaults and initializers, 109-111
      deprecated (@deprecated javadoc tag), 315
      deserializing, 412
      enumerated types, 185
            initializers, 190
      Field class, 534
            getGenericType( ), 529
            DatatypeConstants, 997
      FieldPosition class, 740
      Format.Field class, 742
      inheritance in subclassing, 115
      inherited, initializing, 116
      instance, 100, 103
            inheritance of, 126
      MessageFormat.Field, 743
      named fields read by ObjectInputStream, 413
      naming and capitalization conventions, 309
      NoSuchFieldError, 477
      NoSuchFieldException, 478
      NumberFormat.Field, 745
      ObjectStreamField class, 419
      PutField class, 416
      reference index, 1077-1146
      references to, in @see javadoc tag, 319
fields (continued )
      serialPersistentFields, 316
      static, final, in interfaces, 135
      static modifier, 157
      superclass, hiding, 119
            method overriding vs., 121
      System.out.println( ), 106
      transient, 157
      volatile, 157
File class, 252, 397-399
      enhancement in Java 1.2, 253
      list( ), 152
file compression (see compression)
file pointer, 270
file: protocol, 258
file separators, 326
file structure, 93
FileChannel class, 268-270, 607
      file locks, exclusive and shared, 270
      MapMode class, 610
      memory mapping a file, 269
      random access to file contents, 270
FileDescriptor class, 399
      sync( ), 436
FileFilter interface, 400
FileHandler class, 879
FileInputStream class, 252, 385, 400
      SecurityManager and, 302
FileLock class, 610
      OverlappingFileLockException, 614
FileLockInterruptedException, 611
FilenameFilter interface, 152, 385, 401
filenames, 9
      hardcoded, portability and, 311
FileNotFoundException, 401
FileOutputStream class, 385, 401
FilePermission class, 402
FileReader class, 403
files, 252
      associated with unused objects, closing or deleting, 113
      binary, reading, 255
      class, 94
      compressed, reading, 256
      compressing data, 255
      FileNameMap interface, 558
      FileNotFoundException, 68
      filtering a list of, 400
      filtering filenames, 401
      handle to open file, 399
      I/O, 268-270
      nonstream classes, java.io, 385
      not found, 401
      permission to access, 402
      RandomAccessFile class, 429
      reading binary data from arbitrary locations in, 253
      reading bytes from specified file, 400
      reading text from, 403
      reading to and writing from, 385
      text, reading, 254
      transforming to URIs, 397
      writing data to specified file, 401
      writing text to, using FileWriter, 403
      ZipFile class, 918
FileWriter class, 403
fill( )
      Arrays class, 224, 759
      Collections class, 768
Filter interface, 880
filtering
      character input streams, 405
      input and output streams, 386
FilterInputStream class, 385, 404
      CheckedInputStream class, 910
FilterOutputStream class, 385, 404
FilterReader class, 254, 405
FilterWriter class, 406
final modifier, 156
      abstract modifier and, 129
      class fields, 102
      classes, 100, 116
      enumerated types and, 181, 190
      fields, 101
      for/in loop variables, 51
      in variable declarations, 44
      in local method definitions, 148
      local classes and, 149
      method lookup, 122
      methods, 67
finalize( ), 113, 480
finalizing objects, 111-114
      finalizers, 113
            chaining, 118
finally clause, 59
findClass( ) (ClassLoader), 459
findMonitorDeadlockedThreads( ), 525
first( )
      CharacterIterator interface, 730
      SortedSet interface, 816
first-in, first-out (FIFO) queues, 234
firstKey( )
      SortedMap interface, 815
      TreeMap class, 233
flags
      format, illegal combination of, 791
      format, mismatch with conversion specifier, 777
      format specifier, 783
      FormattableFlags class, 778
      login module, 988
flip( ), 266
      Buffer class, 588
FloatBuffer class, 595
floating-point types, 25, 204
      arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic, 218, 543
      BigDecimal class, 218
      comparing two operands of different types, 35
      conversions, 27
      decimal precision, IEEE 754R standard, 547
      division, 33
      double, 12, 22
      Double class, 26, 439, 462
      float, 22, 25
            conversions, 28
      Float class, 26, 217, 439, 467
      formatting numbers, 220
      Math class methods, 476
      modulo (%) operator and, 33
      strictfp methods, 67
      strictfp modifier, 157
      wrapper classes, 26
floatValue( ), 467
flow control statements, 13, 42
      return statement, 13, 15
flush( )
      BufferedOutputStream class, 388
      CharArrayWriter class, 392
      CipherOutputStream class, 926
      DataOutputStream class, 396
      Flushable interface, 386, 406
      OutputStream class, 420
      PrintWriter class, 426
      StringWriter class, 435
      Writer class, 437
Flushable interface, 386, 406
for each statement (see for/in statements)
for statements
      continue statement, starting new iteration, 55
      continue statement used in, 60
      empty loop body, 43
      initializing, testing, and updating variables, 49
      iterating arrays, 78
force( ) (FileChannel), 608
forClass( ) (ObjectStreamClass), 417
forDigit( ) (Character), 448
for/in statements, xvii, 50-54, 159
      example, 52
      Iterable and Iterator interfaces, 52
      Iterable interface, 225, 473
            iterator( ), 440
      iterating arrays, 79
      limitations of, 53
      syntax of, 51
form feed (\f), 23
format( ), 69, 386, 424, 426
      Format class, 741
      Formatter class, xviii, 211
      formatting numbers, 220
      MissingFormatArgumentException, 803
      NumberFormat class, 744
      PrintStream and PrintWriter classes, 211
      String class, 211, 223
Format class, 741
format specifiers, 780
Format.Field class, 742
FormatFlagsConversionMismatch-Exception, 777
Formattable interface, 211, 778
FormattableFlags class, 778
Formatter class, xviii, 69, 211, 223, 386, 440, 751, 779-785
      argument specifier, 782
      conversion exception, 790
      flags, 783
            illegal combination, 791
      format string and format specifiers, 779-782
      IllegalFormatException, 791
      logging, 881
      missing format arguments, 803
      precision, format specifier, 784
            exception, 791
      printf( ) and format( ), 312
Formatter class (continued )
      SimpleFormatter, 890
      unknown conversion specifier, 822
      unknown format flags, 823
      width, format specifier, 783
            illegal, 792
            missing, 803
      XMLFormatter, 891
Formatter.BigDecimalLayoutForm, 785
FormatterClosedException, 785
formatToCharacterIterator( ), 741, 743
forName( )
      Charset class, 636
      Class class, 455, 458
      UnicodeBlock class, 452
forward references, 96
fractions, decimal representation of, 219
freeMemory( ), 484
from( ) (MemoryNotificationInfo), 521
ftp: protocol, 258
fully qualified class names, 89, 332
      importing types, 90
functions, 17
      mathematical, 217
      XPath, 1030
Future interface, 244, 843
      CancellationException, 832
      ScheduledFuture, 848
FutureTask class, 844

G[ Top ]
garbage collection, 86, 96, 111
      disabling for classes, 336
      finalize( ) method, 480
      incremental, interpreter option for, 336
      jdb debugger, 355
      OutOfMemoryError, 480
      printing message upon occurrence, 337
      statistics on (jstat), 361
      system, 500
      WeakHashMap class, 826
      (see also references)
GarbageCollectorMXBean interface, 519
GatheringByteChannel, 266, 611, 615
gc( ), 484
gcd( ) (BigInteger), 546
GeneralSecurityException, 650
generateCertificate( ), 686, 702
generateCertificates( ), 686
generateCertPath( ), 686
generateCRL( ), 686, 705
generateKey( ) (KeyGenerator), 932
generateKeyPair( ), 708
generateParameters( ), 643
generatePrivate( ), 654
generatePublic( ), 654
generateSecret( )
      KeyAgreement class, 930
      SecretKeyFactory class, 937
generateSeed( ) (SecureRandom), 675
generic types, xviii, 160-178, 526-529
      annotation types and, 200
      arrays of parameterized type, 166
      bounded wildcards in parameterized types, 168
      case study, Comparable and Enum, 176-178
      Class class, 455
      collection interfaces and classes, 751
      compile-time type safety, 165
      Constructor class, 533
      covariant returns, 70
      Enum class, 464
      Exchanger, 249, 839
      Field class, support of, 534
      FutureTask, 844
      generic methods, 65
      GenericDeclaration, 535
      generics, defined, 159
      GenericSignatureFormatError, 535
      InheritableThreadLocal class, 471
      interfaces extending Type, 541
      MalformedParameterizedType-Exception, 537
      Method class, support for, 538
      parameterized type hierarchy, 164
      parameterized types vs., 160
      PhantomReference class, 526
      PrivilegedAction, 669
      raw types and unchecked warnings, 163
      Reference class, 527
      ReferenceQueue class, 527
      Reflection API, changes in, 529
      runtime type safety, 165
      SoftReference class, 528
      ThreadLocal class, 507
      type parameter wildcards, 166-169
      typesafe collections, 160-163
      TypeVariable interface, 541
      understanding, 163
      WeakReference class, 528
      writing, 169-172
            type variable bounds, 170
            wildcards, 171
      writing generic methods, 172-176
            arrays and, 175
            invoking methods, 173
            parameterized exceptions, 175
GenericArrayType interface, 535
GenericDeclaration interface, 529, 535
generics (see generic types)
genKeyPair( ) (KeyPairGenerator), 656
get( ), 252
      AbstractList class, 754
      Array class, 531
      ArrayList class, 758
      Buffer class, 587
      ByteBuffer class, 589
      Calendar class, 763
      Future class, 244
      GetField class, 414
      HashMap class, 786
      Hashtable class, 788
      LinkedList class, 795
      List interface, 229, 797
      Map interface, 231, 801
      PhantomReference class, 526
      Reference class, 527
      ReferenceQueue class, 528
      ThreadLocal class, 507
      TreeMap class, 820
      WeakHashMap class, 826
get and set accessor methods
      data accessor methods, 128
      JavaBean properties, 321-323
getAbsoluteFile( ) (File), 397
getAbsolutePath( ) (File), 397
getActualTypeArguments( ), 539
getAddress( ) (InetAddress), 562
getAlgorithm( ) (Key), 653
getAllAttributeKeys( ), 725
getAllByName( ) (InetAddress), 562
getAllLoadedClasses( ) (Instrumentation), 517
getAllStackTraces( ), 503
getAllThreadIds( ), 525
getAnnotation( ), 199, 456
getAnnotations( ), 531
getAttribute( )
      AttributedCharacterIterator, 725
      TransformerFactory class, 1013
getAttributes( )
      AttributedCharacterIterator interface, 725
      JarEntry class, 871
      Manifest class, 874
getBeginIndex( ) (FieldPosition), 740
getBlockedCount( ) (ThreadInfo), 524
getBlockedTime( ) (ThreadInfo), 524
getBody( )
      CacheRequest class, 553
      CacheResponse class, 553
getBounds( ) (TypeVariable), 541
getBuffer( ) (StringWriter), 435
getByAddress( ) (Inet6Address), 561
getByName( ) (InetAdress), 562
getCanonicalFile( ) (File), 397
getCanonicalPath( ) (File), 397
getCause( ) (Throwable), 437, 466
getCertificate( ) (KeyStore), 658
getCertificateChain( ) (KeyStore), 658
getCertificates( )
      CertPath class, 688
      JarEntry class, 871
getCertPathEncoding( ), 686
getChannel( ), 268, 400, 401, 429, 556
      ServerSocket class, 571
      Socket class, 573
getChars( ), 493
      StringBuffer class, 496
getCipherSuite( ) (SSLSession), 962
getClass( )
      Class class, 455
      Object class, 479
getClassName( ), 489
getClientSessionContext( ), 964
getCollationElementIterator( ), 731
getCollationKey( ), 732
getColumnNumber( ), 1010
getCommitted( ) (MemoryUsage), 523
getConstructor( ) (Class), 533
getContent( )
      URL class, 554, 581
      URLConnection class, 554
getContentEncoding( ), 583
getContentLength( ), 583
getContentType( ), 583
getContext( ) (AccessController), 641, 642
getDate( ) (URLConnection), 583
getDateInstance( ) (DateFormat), 734
getDeclaredAnnotations( ), 531
getDeclaringClass( )
      Enum class, 464
      Field class, 534
      Member interface, 537
      Method class, 536
getDefault( )
      CookieHandler class, 554
      ResponseCache class, 569
      ServerSocketFactory class, 946
      SocketFactory class, 947
      SSLServerSocketFactory class, 962
getDefaultPort( ) (URL), 581
getDefaultText( ), 981
getDelay( ) (ScheduledFuture), 244
getDelegatedTask( ) (Runnable), 956
getDirectionality( ) (Character), 448
getDisplayName( ), 566
getEnclosingClass( ), 456
getEnclosingConstructor( ), 456
getEnclosingMethod( ), 456
getEncoded( )
      AlgorithmParameters class, 644
      Certificate class, 683
      CertPath, 688
      Key interface, 653
getEncoding( ), 407, 421
getEncodings( ) (CertPath), 688
getEndIndex( ) (FieldPosition), 740
getEntries( ) (Manifest), 874
getEntry( )
      KeyStore class, 658
      ZipFile class, 918
getEnumConstants( ), 456
getenv( ) (System), 310, 501
getErrorStream( ) (Process), 482
getException( ), 466
      PrivilegedActionException, 670
getExceptionTypes( ) (Method), 537
getExpiration( ), 583
getFD( ), 399
getField( )
      Class class, 534
      ObjectStreamClass, 417
GetField class, 413
getFields( ) (ObjectStreamClass), 417
getFile( ) (URL), 580
getFormat( )
      Key interface, 653
      SecretKey interface, 936
getGenericComponentType( ), 535
getGenericDeclaration( ), 541
getGenericExceptionTypes( ), 538
getGenericParameterTypes( ), 538
getGenericReturnType( ), 538
getGenericType( ) (Field), 534
getHeaderField( ), 583
getHeaderFieldDate( ), 583
getHeaderFieldInt( ), 583
getHeaderFields( ), 583
getHeaders( ), 553
getHost( ) (URL), 580
getHostAddress( ) (InetAddress), 562
getHostName( ) (InetAddress), 562
getId( ) (Thread), 502
getID( ) (TimeZone), 819
getIds( ), 964
getInetAddress( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 572
getInetAddresses( ), 566
getInfo( ) (Provider), 671
getInit( ) (MemoryUsage), 523
getInitiatedClasses( ) (Instrumentation), 517
getInputStream( )
      JarFile class, 872
      Process class, 482
      Socket class, 572
      ZipFile class, 918
getInstance( )
      AlgorithmParameterGenerator, 643
      Calendar class, 785
      CertificateFactory class, 686
      CertStore class, 694
      Cipher class, 923
      Collator class, 733, 747
      KeyAgreement class, 930
      KeyGenerator class, 932
      KeyManagerFactory class, 952
      KeyPairGenerator class, 656, 708
      KeyStore class, 658
      Mac class, 933
      MessageDigest class, 663
      NumberFormat class, 744
      SecretKeyFactory class, 936
      SecureRandom class, 675
      Signature class, 677
getInt( ) (Array), 531
getInteger( ) (Integer), 472
getInterfaces( ) (Class), 455
getInvocationHandler( ) (Proxy), 540
getIterator( ) (AttributedString), 727
getIV( ) (Cipher), 923
getJarEntry( ) (JarFile), 872
getKey( )
      Entry interface, 802
      KeyStore class, 658
getKeyManagers( ), 952
getKeySpec( )
      KeyFactory class, 654
      SecretKeyFactory class, 937
getLineNumber( )
      LineNumberReader class, 410
      SourceLocator, 1010
getLocalAddress( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      Socket class, 572
getLocalHost( ) (InetAddress), 562
getLocalPart( ) (QName), 1001
getLocalPort( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 572
getLocalSocketAddress( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 572
getLocation( ), 71
getLogger( ) (Logger), 212
getLong( ) (Long), 474
getLowerBounds( ) (WildcardType), 542
getMacLength( ) (Mac), 933
getMainAttributes( ) (Manifest), 874
getManifest( )
      JarFile class, 872
      JarInputStream class, 873
getMax( ) (MemoryUsage), 523
getMaxAllowedKeyLength( ), 923
getMemoryPoolNames( ), 521
getMessage( ), 58, 408
      TextOutputCallback, 981
      Throwable interface, 507
      WriteAbortedException, 437
getMessageType( ) (CallbackHandler), 978
getMethod( ) (Class), 537
getMethodName( ), 489
getModifiers( ), 539
      Field class, 534
      Member interface, 537
getModulus( ) (RSAKey), 710
getName( )
      Class class, 455
      CompilationMXBean interface, 519
      Field class, 534
      File class, 397
      Member interface, 537
      MemoryPoolMXBean, 522
      NetworkInterface class, 566
      Provider class, 671
      TypeVariable interface, 541
getNamespaceURI( ) (QName), 1001
getNetworkInterfaces( ), 566
getNextEntry( ), 873
getNextJarEntry( ), 873
getNextUpdate( ) (X509CRL), 705
getNumericValue( ) (Character), 448
getObject( )
      GuardedObject class, 650
      SealedObject class, 935
      SignedObject class, 679
getObjectSize( ) (Instrumentation), 517
getObjectStreamClass( ) (GetField), 414
getOffset( ) (TimeZone), 819
getOption( ) (SocketOptions), 576
getOutputProperties( ), 1010
getOutputSize( ) (Cipher), 924
getOutputStream( ), 559
      Process class, 482
      Socket class, 572
getOwnerType( ) (ParameterizedType), 539
getPackage( )
      ClassLoader class, 459
      Package class, 481
getPackages( ) (Package), 481
getParameterAnnotations( ), 198, 538
getParameters( ) (Cipher), 923
getParameterTypes( ) (Method), 537
getParams( ) (DHKey), 938
getParent( )
      File class, 397
      ThreadGroup class, 506
getParentFile( ) (File), 397
getPassword( )
      KeyStore.PasswordProtection, 661
      PasswordAuthentication, 567
getPasswordAuthentication( ), 551, 567
getPath( ) (File), 397
getPeakUsage( ), 522
getPeerCertificateChain( ), 950
getPeerCertificates( ), 950, 962
getPeerHost( ), 951, 962
getPermissions( )
      Policy class, 668
      SecureClassLoader class, 674
getPolicy( ) (Policy), 668, 677
getPort( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      Socket class, 572
      URL class, 581
getPrefix( ) (QName), 1001
getPrivateKey( ), 661
getPrompt( )
      CallbackHandler class, 978
      NameCallback class, 980
      TextInputCallback class, 981
getProperties( ) (System), 500
getProperty( )
      Properties class, 806
      System class, 293, 500, 807
getProtectionDomain( ) (Class), 671
getProtocol( )
      SSLSession class, 962
      URL class, 580
getProvider( ) (Security), 676
getProviders( ) (Security), 676
getProxyClass( ) (Proxy), 540
getPublicId( ) (SourceLocator), 1010
getPublicKey( )
      Certificate class, 683
      X509Certificate class, 702
getRaw( ) (URI), 579
getRawType( ) (ParameterizedType), 539
getRemoteSocketAddress( ), 572
getRequesting( ), 551
getResource( ) (ClassLoader), 458
getResourceAsStream( ), 458
getResources( ) (ClassLoader), 458
getResponseCode( ), 559
getResponseMessage( ), 559
getReturnType( ) (Method), 537
getRevokedCertificate( ), 705
getRunLimit( ), 726
getRunStart( ), 726
getRuntime( ), 484
getSecretKey( ), 662
getSecurityManager( ) (System), 501
getSerialVersionUID( ), 417
getServerSessionContext( ), 964
getServerSocket( ), 961
getServerSocketFactory( ), 954
getSimpleName( ) (Class), 456
getSocketFactory( ), 954
getSource( ) (EventObject), 777
getSpecificationVersion( ), 481
getStackTrace( )
      Thread class, 503
      Throwable interface, 489
getState( ) (Thread), 502, 504
getSubject( ) (LoginContext), 974, 985, 991
getSubjectDN( ) (X509Certificate), 683, 702
getSuperclass( ) (Class), 455
getSupportedCipherSuite( ), 965
getSupportedProtocols( ), 965
getSystemId( ) (SourceLocator), 1010
getTargetException( ), 536
getThisUpdate( ) (X509CRL), 705
getThreadCPUTime( ), 525
getThreadGroup( ) (Thread), 502
getThreadInfo( ), 525
getThreadUserTime( ), 525
getTime( ), 222
getTimestamp( ) (Timestamp), 680
getTrustAnchor( ), 699
getTrustedCertificate( ), 662
getType( )
      CertPath class, 688
      Character class, 448
      Field class, 534
      MemoryPoolMXBean, 522
getTypeParameters( ), 535
getUndeclaredThrowable( ), 542
getUpperBounds( ) (WildcardType), 542
getUptime( ) (RuntimeMXBean), 524
getUsage( ), 522
getUsed( ) (MemoryUsage), 523
getValue( )
      Entry interface, 802
      SSLSocket, 962
getVersion( ) (Provider), 671
getX( ) (DHPrivateKey), 938
getXMLReader( ) (SAXParser), 1005
getY( ) (DHPublicKey), 939
global method or function, class methods as, 103
global variables
      C language vs. Java, 96
      public class fields as, 102
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), 221
goto statement, 96
graphical Java process monitor, 352
graphics
      applet access control restrictions on facilities, 302
      packages for, 204
greater than operator (>), 14, 35
greater than or equal operator (>=), 35
green threads, 333, 335
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), 221
Gregorian calendar, 222
GregorianCalendar class, 785
group of threads (ThreadGroup class), 505
groups (multicast), joining and leaving, 565
Guard interface, 650
GuardedObject class, 639, 650
GUI (graphical user interface)
      applet access to, restrictions, 302
      packages for, 204
gzip compression, 751
      pack200 tool, 366
      unpacking files with unpack200, 371
GZIPInputStream class, 914
GZIPOutputStream class, 915

H[ Top ]
Han (Chinese) ideographs, 23
hand-held devices
      Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME), 4
      Java interpreter for, 2
handle( ) (CallbackHandler), 977, 982
handle to an open file or socket, 399
Handler class, 881
HandlerBase interface (SAX), 1057
handlers for exceptions, 56
      try/catch/finally statements, 58-60
handshake, SSL connections, 965
      status of the SSLEngine, 957
handshakeCompleted( ), 950
HandshakeCompletedEvent class, 950
HandshakeCompletedListener interface, 950
hardcoded filenames, code portability and, 311
hashCode( )
      Annotation interface, 512
      Enum class, 464
      enumerated types, 180
      Hashtable class, 788
      Object class, 133, 480
HashMap class, 225, 233, 786
HashSet class, 228, 787
hashtables
      causing memory leaks, 112
      Hashtable class, 233, 788
            Properties subclass, 293
      maps and sets based on, 225
      WeakHashMap class, 529
hasNext( ), 756
      Iterator class, 753
      Iterator interface, 52, 793
      ListIterator interface, 798
hasPrevious( ) (ListIterator), 756, 798
header and source files (C), 348
header files for use with JNI, 349
headMap( ) (SortedMap), 234, 815
headSet( ) (SortedSet), 816
heap
      memory allocation for, 336
      memory usage information, 521
Hebrew text, 728
help
      javadoc-generated documentation, 344
      javap tool, 350
hexadecimal numbers, 24
      Integer type conversions, 472
      Long type conversions, 474
      Short type conversions, 488
      URL encoding, 585
hiding data, 123-128
      access control, 124-127
            inheritance and, 126
      superclass fields, 119
            class fields, 119
            method overriding vs., 121
hierarchy, class, 87
      containment hierarchy vs., 147
      parameterized types, 164
      superclasses, Object class and, 116
highestOneBit( ) (Integer), 472
holdsLock( ) (Thread), 63, 502
HostnameVerifier class, 951
hosts
      IP addresses, 562
      NoRouteToHostException, 567
      reachability of, testing, 263, 562
      UnknownHostException, 578
HotSpot VM
      client and server versions, 332
      performance tuning options, 335
HTML tags in doc comments, 312, 313
      <A> (hyperlinks) tag, avoiding, 313
      <PRE> tag, 313
http: protocol, 258
HTTP server, 261
HttpRetryException, 559
https: protocol, 258
https: URLs, 948
HttpsURLConnection class, 948, 951
      hostname verifier, 951
HttpURLConnection class, 559
hyperbolic trigonometric functions, 476
hyperlinks or cross-references in doc comments, 313

I[ Top ]
IANA charset registry, 630
identical objects, 85
identifiers
      assert, 61
      class version, 417
      defined, 20
      method names, 66
      SSLSession, 964
      thread, 502
      TimeZone, 819
      UUID (Universal Unique Identifier), 823
identity certificates (see certificates)
Identity class, 651
identityHashCode( ) (System), 464, 501
IdentityHashMap class, 225, 233, 789
IdentityScope class, 652
IEEE 754-1985 standard for floating-point types, 25
if statements, 13
      assertions in, 62
if/else statements, 44-46
      else if clause, 45
      nested, 45
IllegalAccessError, 468
IllegalAccessException, 468
IllegalArgumentException, 468
IllegalBlockingModeException, 611
IllegalBlockSizeException, 929
IllegalCharsetNameException, 635
IllegalClassFormatException, 516
IllegalFormatCodePointException, 790
IllegalFormatConversionException, 790
IllegalFormatException, 791
IllegalFormatFlagsException, 791
IllegalMonitorStateException, 469
IllegalSelectorException, 612
IllegalStateException, 469
IllegalThreadStateException, 470
images in doc comments, 313
immutability of String objects, 205
implementation
      behavior specific to, portability and, 311
      bugs specific to, portability and, 311
      local and anonymous class, 155
      member class, 155
      of methods, 65
      portable Java code, conventions/rules for, 310
      static member types, 154
implements (keyword), 99, 136
implies( ), 304
      AllPermission class, 645
      BasicPermission class, 646
      CodeSource class, 647
      Permission class, 666
      PermissionCollection class, 667
      Permissions class, 667
      ProtectionDomain class, 671
import declarations, 18, 91
      naming conflicts and shadowing, 91
      static members, 92
import static declaration, xvii, 143, 184
importPreferences( ), 295
in, out, and err variables, 399, 500
IncompatibleClassChangeError, 470
increment expression statements, 42
increment operator (++), 29, 34
      return type, 31
      side effects, 32
incrementing loop counter variable, 48
inDaylightTime( ) (TimeZone), 819
indentation, 19
      anonymous class definitions, 154
      in doc comments, code examples and, 313
      nested statements, 13, 45
index( ), 756
index operator ([ ]), 75
indexed properties, 321
      conventions for, 322
indexes
      array, 41, 74
            too small or too large, 78
      generating multiple index files, javadoc, 347
      javadoc, not generating, 345
      list, 229
indexOf( )
      CopyOnWriteArrayList, 835
      List interface, 229, 797
      String class, 492
      StringBuffer class, 496
indexOfSubList( ) (Collections), 768
IndexOutOfBoundsException, 470
Inet4Address class, 561
Inet6Address class, 561
InetAddress class, 562
      isReachable( ), 263, 562
InetSocketAddress class, 271, 563
infinite loops, 48
      for(;;), 50
infinity
      % (modulo) operator and, 33
      Double, testing for, 462
      positive and negative, 26
Inflater class, 915
InflaterInputStream class, 916
info( ) (Logger), 212
InheritableThreadLocal class, 470
inheritance
      access control and, 126
      {@inheritDoc} javadoc tag, 317
      @Inherited meta-annotation, 202
      interfaces
            as alternative to multiple inheritance, 135
            constants in definitions, 139
            extending interfaces, 136
      scope vs., for member classes, 147
      subclass from superclass, 99
      subclasses and, 114-123
            class hierarchy, 116
            constructor chaining and the default constructor, 117
            fields and methods, 115
            hiding superclass fields, 119
            overriding superclass methods, 120-123
            subclass constructors, 116
@Inherited meta-annotation, 202, 514
inheritedChannel( ), 501
init( )
      Cipher class, 923
      KeyAgreement class, 930
      KeyGenerator class, 932
      KeyManagerFactory class, 953
      Mac class, 933
      PKIXCertPathChecker class, 699
initialization vectors (Cipher), 923, 942
initialize( ) (KeyPairGenerator), 656, 708
initializers, 106-111
      array, 76
            multidimensional arrays, 81
      defining a constructor, 107
      defining multiple constructors, 108
      enumerated types, 190
      ExceptionInInitializerError, 466
      field, 109-111
      IllegalAccessException, 468
      in variable declarations, 43
      inherited fields, 116
      instance, 111
      invoking one constructor from another, 108
      static, 110, 157
initializing loop variables, 49
initialValue( ) (ThreadLocal), 507
initSign( ) (Signature), 677
initVerify( ) (Signature), 677
inline tags (doc comment), 316
inner classes (see nested types)
InputMismatchException, 792
input/output, 203
      appendability of text buffers and output streams, 207
      binary file, reading, 255
      character stream classes, 386
      checksums for streams, 910
      Closeable interface, 386, 393
      compressed files, reading, 256
      compressing data, 255
      console input, reading, 254
      displaying output, 12
      encrypting and decrypting streams, 292
      files and directories, 252-254
      files, working with, 268
      filtering bytes, 385
      Flushable interface, 386, 406
      GZIPInputStream class, 914
      GZIPOutputStream class, 915
input/output (continued )
      in, out, and err streams, system, 500
      InflaterInputStream class, 916
      input values, checking validity of, 13
      JAR files, reading and writing, 330, 873
      Java program communicating with external process, 295
      java.io package, 203, 254-258, 385-438
      keytool program, 365
      message digests, 639, 648
      message digests, computing, 256
      New I/O API (see New I/O API
      nonstream classes, 385
      processes, 482
      profiling output, printing to standard output, 337
      reading lines from a text file, 254
      serializing/deserializing objects, 286
      streaming data to and from arrays, 257
      text file, reading lines from, 254
      thread blocking during I/O operations, 250
      thread communication with pipes, 257
      writing text to a file, 255
      XML, transformation classes for, 280
      ZipInputStream class, 919
      ZipOutputStream class, 919
InputSource class (SAX), 1058
InputStream class, 385, 407
      read( ), 385
InputStreamReader class, 407
insert( ) (StringBuffer), 496
insertProviderAt( ) (Security), 672, 676
instance fields, 103
      default initialization of, 109
      interfaces and, 135
      superclass, hiding, 119
instance initializers, 111
      substituting for constructors, 153
instance members, 100
      enumerated types, ordinal( ), 180
      inheritance of, 126
instance methods, 100, 104-106
      choosing between class and instance methods, 105
      how they work, 104
      interfaces, 135
      overriding superclass methods, 120-123
      synchronized, 56
      System.out.println( ), 106
instanceof operator, 29, 40, 133
      marker interfaces, identifying with, 139
instances, class
      comparing with Comparable.compareTo( ), 133
      creating dynamically, 72
      enumerated types, 180
instantiating a class, 98
InstantiationError, 471
InstantiationException, 471
instrumentation, xviii, 203, 296-298, 515-518
      ClassDefinition class, 516
      ClassFileTransformer interface, 516
      IllegalClassFormatException, 516
      Instrumentation interface, 517
      Java interpreter options, 336
      java.lang.instrument package, 439
      UnmodifiableClassException, 517
int type, 22, 24
      32-bit int values, 25
      bitwise and shift operator results, 37
      conversion to other primitive types, 28
      Integer class, 472
            new methods in Java 5.0, 472
IntBuffer class, 596
integers
      % (modulo) operator and, 33
      arbitrary-precision arithmetic, 204, 543
      BigInteger class, 218, 546
      converting floating-point values to, using casts, 27
      converting strings to, 25
      int data type, 11
      Integer class, 11, 25, 217, 439, 472
            new methods, Java 5.0, 472
      integer literals, 24
      integer types, 24
            array access ([ ]) operator and, 31
            wrapper classes, 25
interest set of channel operations, 618
interestOps( ) (SelectionKey), 619
@interface annotation, 199
interfaces, 135-140
      abstract classes vs., 138
      abstract modifier in declarations, 156
      as static member types, 140
      classes implementing, definitions of, 99
      as data types, 137
      defined, 99
      defining, 135
      defining object types, 98
      deprecated (@deprecated javadoc tag), 315
      dynamic proxies, implementing with, 286
      extending, 136
      implemented by enumerated types, 181, 186
      implementing, 136-138
            multiple, 137
      InstantiationError, 471
      InstantiationException, 471
      local scope and, 148
      marker, 139
      member classes, inability to define as, 145
      modifiers, 156
      naming and capitalization conventions, 309
      network, 566
      references to, in @see javadoc tag, 318
intern( ) (String), 209, 493
InternalError, 473
internationalization, 6, 751
      applications, package for, 204
      comparing strings, 209
      date and time formatting, 223
      InputStreamReader, byte-to-character conversions, 407
      java.text package, 724-749
      LanguageCallback class, 980
      Locale class, 799
      locale, specifying for documentation, 345
      OutputStreamWriter class, 421
Internet domain names, using in package naming, 90
interpreted mode (JVM), 336
interpreter (see Java interpreter; JVM)
interrupt( )
      Thread class, 241, 250, 502
      ThreadGroup class, 506
interrupted( ) (Thread), 250, 502
InterruptedException, 250, 473
InterruptedIOException, 408, 556, 572
InterruptibleChannel interface, 250, 612
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, 652
invalidate( ) (SSLSession), 962
InvalidClassException, 408
InvalidKeyException, 653
InvalidKeySpecException, 718
InvalidMarkException, 597
InvalidObjectException, 409, 414
InvalidParameterException, 653
InvalidParameterSpecException, 718
InvalidPreferencesFormat-Exception, 894
InvalidPropertiesFormatException, 792
InvocationHandler interface, 286, 529, 536
      proxy class instances and, 540
InvocationTargetException, 536
invoke( )
      InvocationHandler, 536, 540, 542
      Method class, 538
invoking methods, 10, 11
      class methods, 102
      constructors, from another constructor, 108
      in expression statements, 42
      instance methods, 105
      overridden, 122
IOException, 409
IP (Internet Protocol) addresses, 562
      combined with a port number, 563
      enumerating for network interface, 566
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) addresses, 561
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) addresses, 561
is prefix, data accessor methods, 128
isAbsolute( ) (File), 397
isAbstract( ) (Modifier), 539
isAlive( ) (Thread), 502
isAnnotation( ) (Class), 456
isAnnotationPresent( ) (AnnotatedElement), 198
isAnonymousClass( ), 456
isBound( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 572
isCancelled( ) (Future), 244
isCompatibleWith( ) (Package), 481
isConnected( ) (Socket), 572
isCurrent( ) (Refreshable), 974
isDestroyed( ) (Destroyable), 972
isDigit( ) (Character), 23, 448
isDirect( ) (ByteBuffer), 591
isDirectory( ) (File), 397
isDone( ) (Future), 244
isEchoOn( ) (Password Callback), 980
isEmpty( )
      Collection interface, 766
      Map interface, 801
isEnqueued( ) (Reference), 527
isEnum( ) (Class), 456
isEnumConstant( ) (Field), 534
isError( ) (CoderResult), 634
isFile( ) (File), 397
isHidden( ) (File), 397
isInfinite( ) (Double), 462
isInputShutdown( ) (Socket), 572
isInterrupted( ) (Thread), 250, 502
isJavaIdentifierPart( ) (Character), 21
isJavaIdentifierStart( ) (Character), 21
isJavaLetter( ) (Character), 23
isLetter( ) (Character), 448
isLocalClass( ), 456
isLowerCase( ) (Character), 23, 448
isMalformed( ) (CoderResult), 634
isMemberClass( ), 456
isNaN( )
      Double class, 26, 35, 462
      Float class, 26, 35
isNativeMethod( ) (StackTraceElement), 490
ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) charset, 18, 267
isOpen( ) (Channel), 603
isOutputShutdown( ) (Socket), 572
isProbablePrime( ) (BigInteger), 546
isProxyClass( ) (Proxy), 540
isPublic( ) (Modifier), 539
isReadOnly( ) (Buffer), 588
isRedefineClassesSupported( ) (Instrumentation), 517
isRegistered( )
      Charset class, 630
      SelectableChannel interface, 617
isRevoked( ) (CRL), 696, 705
isSealed( ) (Package), 481
isShared( ) (FileLock), 610
isSupported( ) (Charset), 629
isSynthetic( ) (Member), 537
isThreadCPUTimeSupported( ), 525
isUpperCase( ) (Character), 448
isUsageThresholdSupported( ), 522
isValid( )
      FileLock class, 610
      SSLSession class, 962
isVarArgs( ) (Method), 538
isWhitespace( ), 448
Iterable interface, 51, 52, 225, 440, 473
iterations, 15
      arrays, 78
      for/in statement, 50-54
      in loops, starting new with continue statement, 54
      lists, 230
      (see also statements)
iterator( ), 440, 816
      AbstractCollection class, 753
      Iterable interface, 53
      List interface, 230, 797
      Set interface, 802
Iterator interface, 52, 143, 225, 793
      getting Iterator objects, 473
      implemented as an anonymous class, 151
IvParameterSpec class, 942

J[ Top ]
J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition), 4
JAAS (Java Authentication and Authorization Service), 204, 970-993
Japanese text (EUC-JP charset), 268
JAR (Java Archive) files
      classes for reading and writing, 869-877
      compressed, unpacking with unpack200, 371
      compression, pack200 tool, 366
      digital signatures, 302
      extcheck utility, 327
      extension, checking whether installed, 327
      java.util.jar package, 750
      manifest, format of, 870
      package for, 204
      retrieving, 564
      running programs, 95, 332
jar tool, 329-331
      command options, 330
      command syntax, 330
      examples, 331
      files, 331
      modifier options, 330
JarEntry class, 869, 871
JarException, 872
JarFile class, 869, 872
JarInputStream class, 869, 873
JarOutputStream class, 869, 874
jarsigner tool, 328
JarURLConnection class, 564, 869
Java, 1-7
      benefits of, 4-6
      performance, 6
      strong typing in, 11
      versions, 3
            1.1, security and, 300
Java 2 Platform
      Enterprise Edition, 4
      Micro Edition, 4
Java 5.0, xvii, 159-202, 561
      annotation types
            Deprecated, 462
            Override, 481
            SuppressWarnings, 499
      annotations, 191-202, 203, 511-515
      Appendable interface, 207, 386, 424, 440, 444
      asList( ) (Arrays), 237
      atomic operations, 855-862
      BigDecimal class, changes to, 219
      boxing and unboxing conversions, 88
      changes to the Java platform, xviii
      CharSequence, 496
      Class class, 456
      Closeable interface, 386, 393
      collections wrapper methods, 236
      ConcurrentHashMap class, 233
      Condition object, 248
      contentEquals( ), 208
      CopyOnWriteArrayList class, 231
      CountDownLatch class, 249
      cross-references in doc comments, 318
      cryptography
            algorithms supported, SunJCE, 923
            Cipher class, 923
            KeyGenerator algorithms, 932
            MAC algorithms, 933
            OAEPParameterSpec, 942
            PSource, 943
            PSource.PSpecified, 944
            SecretKeyFactory, 937
      CyclicBarrier class, 250
      debugger to VM connections, 353
      DOM
            bootstrap, events, and ls subpackages, 1032
            Level 3, 1032
            NameList interface, 1045
            TypeInfo interface, 1050
            UserDataHandler interface, 1050
      DOMConfiguration interface, 1037
      DOMError interface, 1038
      DOMErrorHandler interface, 1038
      DOMImplementationList interface, 1041
      DOMLocator interface, 1041
      DOMStringList interface, 1042
      enumerated types, 178-191
            Enum class, 181, 440, 464
            SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus, 957
            SSLEngineResult.Status, 958
      executors framework, 242-244
            Executor interface, 242
            ExecutorService interface, 243
            Future interface, 244
            ScheduledExecutorService class, 244
            ThreadPoolExecutor class, 243
      Flushable interface, 386, 406
      format( ), creating String objects, 491
      Formattable interface, 778
      FormattableFlags class, 778
      Formatter class, 223, 386, 440, 779-785
      generic types, 160-178, 225
            Class class, 455
            Exchanger, 249
            java.lang.ref, 526-529
            PrivilegedAction, 669
      inheritedChannel( ), 501
Java 5.0 (continued )
      instrumentation, 203, 296, 336, 515-518
      Integer class, methods added, 472
      Iterable interface, 225, 440, 473
      java.util package, 751
      java.util.concurrent package, 204, 827-855
      jinfo, 357
      jmap, 358
      jsadebugd tool (remote debugging), 359
      jstack tool, 360
      jstat tool, 360-362
      jstatd daemon, 362
      locks, 246
      Long class, additional methods, 474
      management package, 203, 518-526
            JMX API, 296
      Matcher class, enchancements, 215
      Math class, new methods, 218, 476
      math package, changes to
            BigDecimal class, 543
            MathContext class, 547
            rounding mode, 544
            RoundingMode type, 548
      MissingFormatArgumentException, 803
      nanoTime( ) (System), 500
      networking
            Authenticator.Requestor-Type, 552
            CacheRequest, 553
            CacheResponse class, 553
            CookieHandler class, 554
            HttpRetryException, 559
            isReachable( ), InetAddress, 263, 562
            ProxySelector class, 569
            Proxy.Type class, 568
            ResponseCache class, 569
            SecureCacheResponse, 570
            URLConnection, changes to, 583
      printf( ) and format( ), 210, 312, 424
            formatting numbers, 220
      PrintStream class, 386, 424
      PrintWriter class, 386, 426
      PriorityQueue class, 805
      ProcessBuilder class, 295, 440, 482
      Queue and BlockingQueue interfaces, 234, 251
      Queue interface, 225, 808
      Readable interface, 215, 440, 483
      Reflection API, changes to, 529
            AnnotatedElement, 531
            Constructor class, 533
            Field class, 534
            generic type malformed, 537
            GenericArrayType, 535
            GenericDeclaration, 535
            GenericSignatureFormat-Error, 535
            Method class, 538
            ParameterizedType, 539
            Type interface, 541
            TypeVariable interface, 541
            WildcardType, 542
      replace( ), generalized versions, 492
      SAX2 extensions, 1064
            Attributes2, 1065
            Attributes2Impl, 1065
            DefaultHandler2, 1066
            EntityResolver2, 1067
            Locator2, 1068
            Locator2Impl interface, 1068
      Scanner class, 215, 440, 811-813
            input mismatch, 792
      security
            CodeSigner class, 647
            KeyRep class, 657
            KeyRep.Type, 657
            KeyStore class, 658
            KeyStore nested classes, 660-662
            Provider.Service class, 673
            Timestamp class, 680
            UnrecoverableEntryException, 681
      Semaphore class, 249
      SSLEngine class, 948, 955
      StringBuilder class, 498
      System class, clearProperty( ), 500
      System.getenv( ), 310
      Thread class, 502
            UncaughtExceptionHandler, 505
      Thread.State enumerated type, 239
      time in nanoseconds (System.nanoTime( )), 221
      TimeUnit class, 221, 241
      Unicode supplementary characters, 209
            Character class methods, 448
            String methods for, 493
Java 5.0 (continued )
      UnicodeBlock class, 452
      UUID class, 823
      Writer class, changes to, 437
      XML packages, 994-1001, 1022-1031
            javax.xml, 995
            javax.xml.datatype, 995-1000
            javax.xml.namespace, 1000
            javax.xml.validation, 277, 281
            javax.xml.xpath, 277
            validation, 1022-1026
            XPath, 1026-1031
      XPathEvaluator class, 283
Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS), 204, 970-993
java command, 95
      -javaagent argument, 517
      running a Java program, 95
      (see also Java interpreter)
Java Cryptography Extension (JCE), 301, 639, 922
Java Development Kit (see JDK)
Java Documentation Generator (see javadoc program)
.java file extension, 94
Java interpreter, 2, 332-338
      advanced options, 337
      annotations, handling of, 191
      assertion options, 334
      assertions, enabling, 61
      break statements, 54
      classpaths, specifying for, 94
      common options, 333
      evaluating expressions, 14, 28
      evaluation of operands, 32
      garbage collection, 111
      instrumentation options, 336
      InternalError, 473
      iterating through loops, 15
      java command-line program, 8
      jdb debugger, 353
            connection options, 353
      just-in-time (JIT) compiler, specifying, 333
      loading classes, 338
      main( ) method, 10, 95
      OutOfMemoryError, 480
      performance tuning options, 335
      remote monitoring and management, 439
      running programs, 94
      StackOverflowError, 489
      threading system, specifying, 333
      versions, 332, 334
java, javax, and sun, package names beginning with, 90
Java Keystore (JKS) type, 329, 365
Java language, 1
      case sensitivity, 8
      java.lang and subpackages, 439-542
      modifiers, summary of, 156
      new features, Java 5.0, 159-202
      pass by value, 86
      syntax, 17-97
            arrays, 74-81
            case-sensitivity and whitespace, 19
            classes and objects, 71-74
            comments, 19
            differences from C and C++, 95-97
            expressions and operators, 28-41
            file structure, 93
            identifiers, 20
            literals, 21
            methods, 64-71
            packages and namespaces, 89-93
            programs, defining and running, 94
            primitive data types, 21-27
            punctuation characters (tokens), 21
            reference types, 81-89
            reserved words, 20
            statements, 42-64
            Unicode character set, 18
Java Native Interface (JNI), 349
Java platform, 1, 2, 203-298
      arrays, 224
      collections, 225-238
      cryptography, 290-292
      dates and times, 221-223
            (see also dates and times)
      extensions to, package names, 89
      files and directories, 252
      input/output, 254-257
            (see also input/output)
      I/O and networking withjava.nio, 263-276
      management and instrumentation, 296-298
Java platform (continued )
      Microsoft proprietary extension of, 310
      networking with java.net, 258-263
      numbers and math, 217-221
            (see also math; numbers)
      object persistence, 286
      packages (key), summary of, 203
      Preferences API, 294
      processes, 295
      properties, 293
      security, 288-290
      Standard Edition, 4
      text, 205-217
      threads and concurrency, 238-252
            (see also threads)
      types, reflection, and dynamic loading, 283-286
      "Write once, run anywhere", 4
      XML processing, 276-283
Java programming
      conventions, 308-325
            naming and capitalization, 308
      conventions for JavaBeans, 320-325
      example program, 7-16
            analysis of, 9-16
            compiling and running, 7
      network-centric, 5
      online tutorial, 15
      portability conventions, 310-312
      related book, xx
Java Runtime Environment (see JRE)
Java Secure Sockets Extension (JSSE), 259
java.awt package, 204
java.awt.peer package, portability and, 310
JavaBeans, xviii, 320-325
      bean basics, 320
      bean classes, 321
      events, 324
      MXBean interfaces (see management package)
      properties, 322
            bound, 322
            constrained, 323
            indexed, 322
      serialization mechanism for components, 287
javac compiler, 8, 338-342
      apt (annotation processing tool), 327
      assert statements, handling, 61
      classpath, 342
      common options, 339
      cross-compilation options, 341
      javadoc and, 342
      @SuppressWarnings annotation, 499
      warning options, 340
      -xlint option, 195
javadoc program, 20, 342-348
      classpath, 348
      customizing documentation format, 342
      @deprecated tag, 194
      HTML documentation, creating, 312-320
      options, 342
javah program, 348
java.io package, 203, 254-258, 385-438
      (see also input/output)
javakey program, 302
java.lang package, 203, 439-542
      annotation types (standard), 194-196
      primitive type wrapper classes, 217
      subpackages, 439
            new in Java 5.0, xviii
java.lang.annotation package (see annotations)
java.lang.instrument package (see instrumentation)
java.lang.management package, 439, 518-526
java.lang.ref package, 204, 526-529
java.lang.reflect package, 204, 283-286, 529-542
      annotation support, 198
java.math package, 204, 218, 543-548
java.net package, 204, 258-263, 549-585
      (see also networking)
java.nio package, 204, 263-276, 586-600
java.nio.channels package, 263, 265, 586, 600-625
      server-side networking, 272
java.nio.channels.spi package, 586, 625-628
java.nio.charset package, 263, 267, 586, 628-637
java.nio.charset.spi package, 586
javap tool, 349-351
java.policy file, 305
java.security package, 204, 288-290, 638-682
java.security.auth package, 204
java.security.cert package, 638, 682-707
java.security.interfaces package, 638, 707-712
java.security.manager system property, 306
java.security.spec package, 638, 712-723
java.text package, 204, 724-749
java.util package, 204, 750, 751-827
      additions in Java 5.0, 751
      collections classes, 225
            converted to generic types, xviii
            use of type parameters, 160
      Formatter class, xviii
      (see also collections; generic types)
java.util.concurrent package, 827-855
      (see also concurrency)
java.util.concurrent.atomic package, 252, 855-862
java.util.concurrent.locks package, 246, 862-869
      Condition object, 248
java.util.jar package, 204, 564, 869-877
      (see also JAR files)
java.util.logging package, 204, 211, 877-892
java.util.prefs package, 204, 294, 892-899
java.util.regex package, 899-909
java.util.zip package, 204, 255, 909-920
javaw interpreter, 332
javaw_g interpreter, 333
javax (package names), 90
javax.crypto package, 204, 290-292, 301, 921-938
javax.crypto.interfaces package, 938-939
javax.crypto.spec package, 939-945
javax.net package, 204, 946-947
      JSSE (Java Secure Sockets Extension), 259
javax.net.ssl package, 204, 947-969
      JSSE (Java Secure Sockets Extension), 259
javax.security.auth package, 970-976
javax.security.auth.callback package, 970, 976-982
javax.security.auth.kerberos package, 970, 982-985
javax.security.auth.login package, 970, 985-992
javax.security.auth.spi package, 970, 992
javax.security.auth.x500 package, 970, 992
javax.swing package, 204
javax.xml package, 995
      new packages, xviii
javax.xml.datatype package, 994, 995-1000
javax.xml.namespace package, 994, 1000
javax.xml.parsers package, 204, 277, 994, 1001-1007
javax.xml.transform package, 277, 280, 994, 1007-1015
javax.xml.transform.dom package, 994, 1015-1016
javax.xml.transform.sax package, 994
javax.xml.transform.stream package, 995, 1020-1022
javax.xml.validation package, 277, 281, 995, 1022-1026
javax.xml.xpath package, 277, 995, 1026-1031
JAXP (Java API for XML Processing)
      SAX parser, 277
      transforming XML documents, 280
JCE (Java Cryptography Extension), 301, 639, 922
      JCEKS keystore, 329
JCEKS (Java Cryptography Extension Key Store), 658
jconsole tool, 352
jdb debugger, 353-357
      commands, 354-357
      expression syntax, 353
      interpreter-to-debugger connection options, 353
      options, 353
JDK (Java Development Kit), 4, 326
      javac compiler, 8
      Sun Microsystems, download site, 7
      (see also tools)
jinfo tool, 357
JIT (just-in-time) compilers, 2, 462
      performance improvements with, 6
      querying with CompilationMXBean, 519
      specifying for Java interpreter, 333
      using on frequently used methods, 336
JKS (Java Keystore) type, 329, 365, 658
jmap tool, 358
JMX API (see management package)
join( ) (Thread), 239, 249, 250, 502
joinGroup( ) (MulticastSocket), 565
jps tool, 358
JRE (Java Runtime Environment), 4
      JDK vs., 7
jsadebugd tool, 359
JSSE (Java Secure Sockets Extension), 259
jstack tool, 360
jstat tool, 360-362
      options, 360
jstatd tool, 362
jump table, 46
just-in-time compilers (see JIT compilers)
JVM (Java Virtual Machine), 1, 2
      annotations and, 191
      array initialization, 77
      class loaded, statistics on, 518
      debugger connection options (Java 5.0), 353
      deleting files on exit, 398
      instrument package (see instrumentation)
      instrumentation options, 336
      jdb debugger, connecting to, 353
      JIT compiler (see JIT compilers)
      memory manager, monitoring, 520
      monitoring and management of, 296-298
      monitoring garbage collections, 519
      MXBean interfaces, obtaining, 519
      performance tuning, 6, 335
      permission to monitor and manage, 520
      process monitoring tool (jconsole), 352
      runtime configuration, 524
      security, 300
      statistics on (jstat tool), 360-362
      thread type, specifying for Classic VM, 333
      thread usage, monitoring, 525
      UnknownError, 509
      UnsupportedEncodingException, 436
      versions, 332, 333
      VirtualMachineError, 510
JVMTI (Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface), 336

K[ Top ]
keepalive, setting for sockets, 573
Kerberos authentication, 970, 982-985
      DelegationPermission, 982
      KerberosKey class, 983
      KerberosPrincipal class, 983
      KerberosTicket class, 984
      ServicePermission class, 985
Key interface, 653
key-agreement algorithms, 930
KeyAgreement class, 930
KeyAgreementSpi class, 931
KeyException, 654
KeyFactory class, 654
KeyFactorySpi class, 655
KeyGenerator class, 921, 932
KeyGeneratorSpi class, 933
KeyManagementException, 655
KeyManager interface, 952
KeyManagerFactory class, 952
KeyManagerFactorySpi class, 953
KeyPair class, 656
KeyPairGenerator class, 639, 656
KeyPairGeneratorSpi class, 657
KeyRep class, 657
KeyRep.Type class, 657
keys( )
      Hashtable class, 788
      Selector class, 620
keys, cryptographic
      DES key, 940
      KerberosKey, 983
      Key interface, 653
      management by keytool, 362-366
      secret keys (symmetric), generating, 932
      SecretKey interface, 936
      SSLKeyException, 959
      triple-DES key (DESede), 940
      (see also cryptography)
keySet( )
      Map interface, 233, 801
      SortedMap interface, 234, 815
KeySpec interface, 719
KeyStore class, 639, 651, 658, 680
KeyStore.Builder class, 660
KeyStoreBuilderParameters class, 953
KeyStore.CallbackHandler-Protection, 660
KeyStore.Entry interface, 660
      UnrecoverableEntryException, 681
KeyStoreException, 662
KeyStore.LoadStoreParameter, 660
KeyStore.PaswordProtection, 661
KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry, 661
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter, 661
keystores, 329, 362
      management with keytool, 362
      password, changing, 364
      for policy files, 369
      type, specifying, 365
      (see also keytool program)
KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry, 662
KeyStoreSpi class, 663
KeyStore.TrustedCertificateEntry, 662
keytool program, 290, 362-366
      commands, 363
      options, 364-366
key/value objects (Map), 231
keywords, 18
      abstract, 129
      access control, 124
      assert, 60, 61
      break, 54
      case, 47
      class, 99
      enum, 179
      extends, 115
      final, 44
      if, 13
      implements, 99, 136
      interface, 135
      lines, 339
      listing of, 20
      lowercase used for, 19
      modifier summary, 156
      new, 72
      null, 74
      package, 90
      private, 118
      public, 118
      source, 339
      static, 104, 110, 140
      super, 116, 119, 122, 145
      switch, 47
      synchronized, 56
      throws, 66
      vars, 339
      void, 55, 65
      (see also modifiers)

L[ Top ]
labeled statements, 43
      break statements, using with, 54
      continue statement, 54
LanguageCallback class, 980
languages
      international, representing with Unicode, 6
      pass-by-reference, 86
      pass-by-value, 86
last( )
      CharacterIterator interface, 730
      SortedSet interface, 816
last in, first-out (LIFO) queues, 234
last modified date (URLs), 583
lastIndexOf( )
      CharBuffer class, 496
      CopyOnWriteArrayList, 835
      List interface, 797
      String class, 492
lastIndexOfSubList( ) (Collections), 768
last-in-first-out (LIFO) stacks, 816
lastKey( ) (SortedMap), 233, 815
lastModified( ) (File), 397
latch, 249
Latin-1 character set, 18, 267
      encoding changed to UTF-8, 269
      escaping in char literals, 23
LDAPCertStoreParameters, 697
leaveGroup( ) (MulticastSocket), 565
left shift assignment operator (<<=), 29
left shift operator (<<), 29, 38
left-to-right associativity, 30
length
      of arrays, 75, 76
      readable sequence of characters, 207
length( )
      CharSequence interface, 455
      CoderResult class, 634
      File class, 397
length( ) (continued )
      String class, 491
      StringBuffer, 496
less than operator (<), 35
less than or equal operator (<=), 35
Level class, 882
levels of severity, log messages, 212
lexical scope, 44, 150
LexicalHandler interface (SAX), 1067
libraries, reading into the system, 501
lib/security/java.policy file, 305
lifecycle of a thread, 239
LIFO (last-in-first-out) stacks, 816
limit (buffers), 587, 590
line breaks in text, 729
line separators, code portability and, 311
LineNumberInputStream class (deprecated), 410
LineNumberReader class, 410
lines, blank, 13
lines keyword, 339
@link javadoc tag, 319
{@link} javadoc tag, 313, 316, 318
LinkageError, 474
LinkedBlockingQueue class, 251, 844
LinkedHashMap class, 225, 233, 793
LinkedHashSet class, 225, 228, 795
LinkedIterator class, implemented as anonymous class, 151
LinkedList class, 231, 795
      implementing Queue, 235
{@linkplain} javadoc tag, 317, 318
links, UnsatisfiedLinkError, 509
"lint" in Java programs, 195, 340
Linux platforms
      Java interpreter, 2
      JDK, downloading from Sun Microsystems, 7
list( ) (File), 152, 397
List class
      Collection interface methods, 226
      java.util.List and java.awt.List, 91
      methods, generic vs. nongeneric, 166
      redefined as generic, 160, 161
      storing primitive values, 88
Listener interface, 324
listeners
      EventListener, 776
      registering
            for constrained properties, 323
            methods for, 323
      TooManyListenersException, 820
      for unicast events, 321
listFiles( ) (File), 397, 400
listIterator( ), 230
      AbstractSequentialList class, 756
      List interface, 797
ListIterator interface, 225, 230, 798
ListResourceBundle class, 799
listRoots( ) (File), 397
lists, 225
      AbstractList class, 754
      AbstractSequentialList, 756
      element or attribute names (DOM), 1045
      immutable List objects, 237
      LinkedList class, 795
      List interface, 225, 229, 796
            implementations, general-purpose, 231
      random access to, 225
literals, 21, 28
      null reference, 74
      string, 73
      type, 74
literals values, 18
LITTLE_ENDIAN byte order, 592
load( )
      KeyStore class, 658
      MappedByteBuffer class, 599
      Properties class, 806
      Runtime class, 484
      System class, 501
loadClass( )
      ClassLoader class, 458
      URLClassLoader class, 582
loadLibrary( )
      Runtime class, 484
      System class, 501
LoadStoreParameter (KeyStore), 660
local classes, 141, 147-151
      defining and using (example), 147
      features of, 148
      implementation of, 155
      local variables, lexical scoping, and closures, 150
      restrictions on, 148
      scope of, 149
      syntax, 149
local variables, 11
      annotations, 198
      declaration statements, 43
      naming and capitalization conventions, 309
      scope of, 44, 150
Locale class, 799
Locator interface (SAX), 1059
Locator2 interface (SAX), 1068
Locator2Impl interface (SAX), 1068
LocatorImpl class (SAX), 1072
locks, 245-247, 862-869
      Condition objects, 248
      deadlock, 247
      file, 270
            FileChannel methods, 608
            FileLock class, 610
      file locks, overlapping, 614
      interrupted file locks, 611
      java.util.concurrent.locks package, 246, 750
      listing waiting threads, 248
      Lock interface, 865
      synchronized methods, 56, 67
      verifying for current thread, 63, 502
LockSupport class, 866
log10( ) (Math), 476
logarithmic functions, 217
Logger objects, 212, 883-885
logging, 211
      garbage collection events, 337
      java.util.logging package, 204, 750, 877-892
LoggingMXBean interface, 885
LoggingPermission class, 886
login( )
      AuthProvider class, 645
      LoginContext class, 974, 985, 991
LoginModuleControlFlag class, 988
logins, 985-992
      AccountException, 987
      AccountExpiredException, 987
      AccountLockedException, 987
      AccountNotFoundException, 987
      AppConfigurationEntry, 988
      AppConfigurationEntry.LoginModuleControlFlag, 988
      Configuration class, 989
      CredentialException, 989
      CredentialExpiredException, 990
      CredentialNotFoundException, 990
      FailedLoginException, 990
      javax.security.auth.login package, 970
      LoginContext class, 985, 991
      LoginException, 991
      LoginModule interface, 992
LogManager class, 886-888
logout( ) (LoginContext), 991
LogRecord class, 888
long type, 22, 24
      64-bit long values, 25
      bitwise and shift operator results, 37
      conversion to other primitive types, 28
      dates and times, 221
      Long class, 25, 217, 439, 474
      unique identifier for threads, 502
longBitsToDouble( ), 463
LongBuffer class, 598
lookup( ) (ObjectStreamClass), 417
loopback packets, 565
loops, 14
      comparison operators, use in, 34
      continue statement in, 54
            for and while loops, 60
      counter, incrementing, 34, 48
      do vs. while, 49
      empty loop body, 43
      exiting with break statements, 54
      infinite, 48
      iterating through, 15
      nested, creating and initializing multidimensional arrays, 81
      (see also statements)
lower-bounded wildcards, 178
lowerCaseMode( ), 433
lunar calendars, 222

M[ Top ]
Mac class, 921, 933
MAC (see message authentication code)
Macintosh platforms, 2
MacSpi class, 934
main( ), 10, 95, 517
      java interpreter and, 332
      running with jdb debugger, 356
MalformedInputException, 636
MalformedParameterizedType-Exception, 537
MalformedURLException, 564
management package, xviii, 203, 296-298, 439, 518-526
      ClassLoadingMXBean, 518
      CompilationMXBean interface, 519
management package (continued )
      jconsole tool, 352
      LoggingMXBean, 885
ManagementFactory class, 519
ManagementPermission class, 520
ManagerFactoryParameters interface, 954
Manifest class, 874
manifest files, JAR, 331
      creating with jar utility, 330
map( ) (FileChannel), 599, 608
Map interface, 162, 225, 801
      ConcurrentMap interface, 834
      Entry interface, 802
      SortedMap interface, 815
      TreeMap class, 820
      WeakHashMap class, 826
mapLibraryName( ) (System), 501
MapMode class (FileChannel), 610
MappedByteBuffer class, 599, 608
maps, 225
      defined, 231
      enumerated values, 225
      hashtable-based, 225
      immutable Map objects, 237
      implementing Cloneable or Serializable, 227
      Map interface, 231-234
            implementations, 233
            support for collection views, 231
      memory mapping a file with FileChannel, 269
mark( ), 686
      CharArrayReader class, 391
      InputStream class, 407
      Reader class, 430
      StringReader class, 435
mark (buffers), 588, 590
      InvalidMarkException, 597
marker annotations, 193
      isAnnotationPresent( ), using, 199
marker interfaces, 139
markSupported( )
      InputStream class, 407
      Reader class, 430
mask generation function, 719
match( )
      CertSelector interface, 693
      CRLSelector interface, 697
      X509CRLSelector class, 706
Matcher class, 212, 900-903
      enchancements in Java 5.0, 215
      multiple matches with a regular expression, 214
matches( ) (String), 213, 492, 493
MatchResult interface, 903
math, 217-221
      java.math package, 543-548
      mathematical functions, 217
Math class, 217, 440, 475
      new functions in Java 5.0, 218
      pseudo-random numbers, 218
      static member import, 92
      (see also StrictMath class)
MathContext class, 219, 547
max( ) (Collections), 768
MAX_VALUE constant
      Float and Double classes, 26
      integral type wrapper classes, 25
member classes, 143-147
      containing class instance, specifying for, 146
      features of, 144
      implementation, 155
      local classes vs., 147
      restrictions on, 145
      scope vs. inheritance, 147
      syntax for, 145
      top-level class that extends, 146
Member interface, 537
members
      annotation, 193, 197
      class, 9, 99, 100, 529
            access control, 124-127
            access rules, 126
            constructors and initializers, 106
            hiding fields and methods, 124
            Member interface, 537
            nonstatic member classes as, 140
      constructors and initializers, 106-111
      deprecated (@deprecated javadoc tag), 315
      importing static members, 92
      instance, 100
      modifiers, 156
      specifying when added to API (@since doc comment), 315
memory
      managing with Runtime, 484
      OutOfMemoryError, 480
      required by a specified object, 517
      usage information for Java process or core file, 358
memory allocation
      garbage collection and, 86, 96
      for the heap, 336
      for javadoc tool, 344
      reclaiming with garbage collection, 111
memory leaks, 112
memory mapping a file, 269
MemoryHandler class, 889
MemoryManagerMXBean interface, 520
MemoryMXBean interface, 521
MemoryNotificationInfo class, 521
MemoryPoolMXBean interface, 522
MemoryType class, 522
MemoryUsage class, 523
message authentication code (MAC), 921, 933
      MacSpi class, 934
message digests, 256, 288, 301
      DigestException, 648
      DigestInputStream class, 648
      DigestOutputStream class, 649
      in digital signatures, 289
      MessageDigest class, 639, 663
      MessageDigestSpi class, 664
MessageFormat class, 69, 742
MessageFormat.Field class, 743
messages, checking for tampering, 288
meta-annotations, 193, 201
      defining, 200
      Documented type, 513
      Inherited type, 514
      Retention type, 514
      Target type, 515
metadata, 193
      associating with program elements, 191
      (see also annotations)
Method class
      changes in Java 5.0, 538
      getGenericParameterTypes( ), 529
method invocation operator (( )), 29, 41
      side effects, 32
methods, 64-71
      abstract, 128-130, 156
            rules for, 129
      chaining, 265
      choosing between class and instance, 105
      class, 100, 102, 529
            hiding, 124
            listing with jdb debugger, 355
      Collections, 237
      covariant return types, 70
      data accessor, 127-128
      declaring checked exceptions, 68
      defining, 10, 64-66
            examples, 65
            modifiers, 65
            name, 66
            parameters, 66
            return type, 65
            throws clause, 66
      deprecated (@deprecated javadoc tag), 315
      displaying byte code for (javap tool), 350
      end of, 12
      enforcing preconditions for, 63
      enumerated types, 185
      event listener interface, 324
      generic, 172-176
            invoking, 173
      IllegalAccessError, 468
      IllegalArgumentException, 468
      IllegalStateException, 469
      inheritance through subclassing, 115
      instance, 100, 104-106
            inheritance of, 126
      interface, InvocationHandler, 286
      invoking, 11
            in expression statements, 42
            InvocationHandler, 536
      JavaBean, 321
      main( ), 10
      Method class, 529, 537
      modifiers, 66
      naming and capitalization conventions, 309
      native, 156
      NoSuchMethodError, 478
      NoSuchMethodException, 478
      Object class, 130-134
      overloaded
            references to, 319
            static member imports and, 93
methods (continued )
      overloading, 66, 96, 97
            defining multiple constructors for a class, 108
      @Override annotation, 481
      overriding, 120-123
            dynamic method lookup, 121
            final and static method lookup, 122
            invoking overridden methods, 122
            overloading vs., 120
      parameters, 10, 66
      reference index, 1077-1146
      references to, in @see javadoc tag, 319
      side effects, 32
      static, 157
      synchronized, 56, 157, 245
      System.out.println( ), 106
      in type definitions, 18
      unsupported, error, 510
      void, 55
      (see also variable-length argument lists)
MGF1ParameterSpec class, 719
Micro Edition, Java 2 Platform (J2ME), 4
Microsoft
      Java VM implementation, security flaws, 300
      proprietary extension of Java platform, 311
Microsoft Windows (see Windows platforms)
milliseconds, 221
MIME types, 554, 558
min( ) (Collections), 768
minus sign (-) (see -, under Symbols)
MIN_VALUE constant
      Float and Double classes, 26
      integral type wrapper classes, 25
MissingFormatArgumentException, 803
MissingFormatWidthException, 803
MissingResourceException, 803
mkdir( ) (File), 398
mkdirs( ) (File), 398
modification time of a file, 397
modifiers, 9
      access control, 124
      anonymous classes and, 153
      class, 99
      field, 101
      final, 116
      method, 65, 66
      Modifier class, 529, 539
      not allowed with local variable or class declarations, 148
      public, static and void, 10
      summary of, 156
      visibility, 126
modInverse( ) (BigInteger), 546
modPow( ) (BigInteger), 546
modulo by zero, 25
modulo operator (%), 29, 33
      %= (modulo assignment) operator, 29, 39
monitoring a running Java interpreter, xviii
MulticastSocket class, 565
multidimensional arrays, 80
      copying, shallow and deep copies, 84
multiline comments, 9, 19
multiple inheritance (C++), 135
multiple interfaces, implementing, 137
multiplication operator (*), 14, 33
multiplication table, representing with multidimensional array, 80
multiply( ) (BigDecimal), 543
multithreaded programming, 238-252
MXBean interfaces (see management package)

N[ Top ]
\n (newlines), escaping, 23
name( ), 464
      Charset class, 629
Name class, 871
NameCallback class, 980
NamedNodeMap interface (DOM), 1044
NameList interface (DOM), 1045
names
      anonymous classes, 156
      classes
            fully qualified, 332
            simple and fully qualified, 89
      file and directory, platform-independent, 397
      FilePermission, 402
      library, 501
      method, 66
      package, 90
            uniqueness of, 90
      signer (digital signatures), 328
namespaces, 89-93, 96
      importing types, 90
            naming conflicts and shadowing, 91
            static members, 92
      XML, xviii, 994, 1000
            NamespaceContext, 1000
            QName class, 1001
            URIs for, 995
NamespaceSupport class (SAX), 1072
naming conflicts, 91
      between superclass and containing class, 147
naming conventions, 308
      characters in names, 309
      classes, 308
      constants, 102
      constructors, 107
      fields and constants, 309
      generic type variables, 169
      images in doc comments, 313
      interfaces, 309
      local class and its enclosing classes, 149
      local variables, 309
      methods, 309
      packages, 308
      parameters, method, 309
      reference types, 308
NaN (not-a-number), 26
      % (modulo) operator, returning with, 33
      Double, testing for, 462
      floating point-values, testing for, 35
      floating-point calculations, division by zero, 33
      represented by float and double types, 26
nanoseconds, 221
nanoTime( ) (System), 221, 500
narrowing conversions, 27
      covariant returns, 159
      reference types, 86
native code, byte code vs., 6
native methods, 67, 156
      conventions/rules for, 310
      Java, implemented in C, 348
      javah tool for implementing in C, 348
      printing message when called, 337
      stack traces for errors or exceptions, 490
native OS threads, 333, 335
native2ascii program, 366
nativeOrder( ) (ByteOrder), 592
nCopies( ) (Collections), 237
negation, performing with - (unary minus) operator, 33
negative infinity, 26
      Double, testing for, 462
negative integers, representing, 37
negative zero, 26
NegativeArraySizeException, 477
nested types, 140-156
      anonymous classes, 141, 151-154
            defining and instantiating, 153
            features of, 153
            indentation and formatting, 154
            restrictions on, 153
            when to use, 153
      Class methods, Java 5.0, 456
      how they work, 154-156
      local classes, 141, 147-151
            features of, 148
            local variables, lexical scoping, and closures, 150
            restrictions on, 148
            scope of, 149
            syntax, 149
      nonstatic member classes, 140, 143-147
            features of, 144
            restrictions on, 145
            scope vs. inheritance, 147
            syntax for, 145
      static member types, 140, 141-143
NetPermission class, 566
network-centric programming, 5
networking
      closing connections for unused objects, 113
      datagrams, 262
      getByAddress( ), Inet6Address, 561
      host reachability, 263
      java.net package, 258-263, 549-585
            Proxy class, 568
      java.nio package (see New I/O API)
      javax.net package, 946-947
networking (continued )
      javax.net.ssl package, 947-969
      Kerberos authentication, 982-985
      packages for, 204
      secure sockets (SSL), 259
      servers, 261
      sockets, 258
            (see also sockets)
NetworkInterface class, 566
New I/O API, 204, 263-276, 586-637
      buffer operations, basic, 264
      channel operations, basic, 265
      client-side networking, 271
      encoding/decoding text with charsets, 267
      files, working with, 268-270
      java.nio.channels.spi package, 625-628
      java.nio.charset package, 628-637
      java.nio.charset.spi package, 637
      nonblocking I/O, 273-276
            SSL communication, 955
      server-side networking, 272
new operator, 29, 41, 107
      anonymous class formatting, 154
      creating arrays, 76
      creating objects, 72
      defining and implementing anonymous class, 152
      member class, explicitly referring to containing instance, 146
      multidimensional arrays, initializing, 80
NEW thread, 239, 504
newDecoder( ) (CharsetDecoder), 630
newEncoder( ) (CharsetEncoder), 630
newInstance( )
      Array class, 532
      Class class, 72, 455
      Constructor class, 72, 533
      DatatypeFactory class, 996
      SchemaFactory class, 1022
      URLClassLoader class, 582
newlines (\n), escaping, 23
newPermissionCollection( ), 667
newPlatformMXBeanProxy( ) (ManagementFactory), 519
newProxyInstance( ) (Proxy), 540
newReader( ) (Channels), 628
newSAXParser( ), 1006
newSchema( ) (SchemaFactory), 1023
newTemplates( ) (TransformerFactory), 1013
newTransformer( ) (TransformerFactory), 1013
newWriter( ) (Channels), 628
next( ), 756
      CharacterIterator interface, 730
      Iterator class, 753
      Iterator interface, 52
      ListIterator interface, 798
nextBytes( ) (SecureRandom), 675
nextDouble( ), 809
nextElement( ) (Enumeration), 774
nextFloat( ), 809
nextIndex( ) (ListIterator), 798
nextInt( ), 809
nextLong( ), 809
nextToken( ) (StreamTokenizer), 433
NoClassDefFoundError, 477
NoConnectionPendingException, 613
Node interface, 279
Node objects (DOM), 1015, 1016, 1045-1048
NodeChangeEvent class, 895
NodeChangeListener interface, 895
NodeList interface (DOM), 1048
nonblocking I/O, 204, 273-276
      client-side networking, 275
      socket connection (example), 275
      SocketChannel, 622
      SSL communication using, 955
nonheap memory, usage information, 521
nonnative (green) threads, 333, 335
NonReadableChannelException, 613
nonstatic member classes, 143-147
      features of, 144
      restrictions on, 145
      scope vs. inheritance, 147
      syntax for, 145
nonstatic members, 99
NonWritableChannelException, 613
normalize( ) (URI), 579
NoRouteToHostException, 567
NoSuchAlgorithmException, 665
NoSuchElementException, 798, 804
NoSuchFieldError, 477
NoSuchFieldException, 478
NoSuchMethodError, 478
NoSuchMethodException, 478
NoSuchPaddingException, 935
NoSuchProviderException, 665
not equals operator (!=), 29, 35
NOT operator
      ~ (bitwise NOT), 37
      ! (boolean NOT), 29, 36
NotActiveException, 411
not-a-number (see NaN)
Notation interface (DOM), 1048
Notepad, 8
notify( ) (Object), 248, 469, 479, 502
notifyAll( ) (Object), 248, 479
notifying event listeners of events, 321
      bound property changes, 323
      constrained property changes, 324
NotSerializableException, 411
NotYetBoundException, 613
NotYetConnectedException, 614
null values, 74
      case labels and, 182
      collections, 227
      default, reference fields, 109
      LinkedList, 235
NullCipher class, 935
NullPointerException, 68, 478
numberOfTrailingZeros( ) (Integer), 472
numbers, 217-221
      BigInteger and BigDecimal classes, 218
      comparing (Comparator class), 770
      converting from and to strings, 219
      DateFormat class, 734
      DecimalFormat class, 737
      Enumeration class, 774
      formatting, 220, 741
      mathematical functions, 217
      Number class, 217, 479
      number type (operands), 31
      NumberFormat class, 221, 724, 744-745
      NumberFormatException, 479
      parsing by StreamTokenizer, 433
      random, 218
      SimpleDateFormat class, 747

O[ Top ]
OAEP padding (PKCS#1 standard), 719, 943
OAEPParameterSpec class, 942
Object class, 479
      class hierarchy root, 87, 116
      important methods, 130-134
            clone( ), 84, 134
            compareTo( ), 133
            equals( ), 132
            hashCode), 133
            toString( ), 132
      notify( ), 248
      wait( ), 239, 248
object creation operator (see new operator)
object identifier (OID), 707
object literals, 73
object member access operator (.), 29, 41
object persistence, 286
      JavaBeans, 287
      serialization, 286
object serialization (see serialization)
Object... variable length argument list, 69
ObjectInput interface, 411
ObjectInputStream class, 386, 432
      enableResolveObject( ), 432
      readStreamHeader( ), 433
ObjectInputValidation class, 414, 432
object-oriented classes
      nested types
            local classes, 147-151
object-oriented programming, 98-158
      abstract classes and methods, 128-130
      anonymous classes, 151-154
      class definitions, 99
      classes, 5
      creating and initializing objects, 106-111
            defining a constructor, 107
            defining multiple constructors, 108
            field defaults and initializers, 109-111
            invoking one constructor from another, 108
      data hiding and encapsulation, 123-128
            access control, 124-127
            data accessor methods, 127-128
      definitions of terms, 98
object-oriented programming(continued )
      destroying and finalizing objects, 111-114
            finalizers, 113
            garbage collection, 111
            memory leaks, 112
      fields and methods, 100-106
            class fields, 102
            class methods, 102
            field declarations, 101
            instance fields, 103
            instance methods, 104-106
            System.out.println( ), 106
      interfaces, 135-140
            abstract classes vs., 138
            constants and, 139
            implementing, 136-138
            marker, 139
      Java vs. C/C++, 1
      modifiers, summary of, 156
      nested types, 140-156
            anonymous classes, 151-154
            how they work, 154-156
            nonstatic member classes, 143-147
      Object methods, 130-134
      subclasses and inheritance, 114-123
            constructor chaining and the default constructor, 117
            extending a class, 114-116
            hiding superclass fields, 119
            overriding superclass methods, 120-123
            subclass constructors, 116
            superclasses, Object and class hierarchy, 116
ObjectOutput interface, 415
ObjectOutputStream class, 386, 415, 432
      enableReplaceObject( ), 432
ObjectOutputStream.PutField class, 416
objects, 71-74
      AccessibleObject class, 530
      arrays as, 225
      as operand type, 31
      classes vs., 71
      collections of, 204
            converting to and from arrays, 237
      comparing, 85
      converting arrays to, 87
      converting to strings, 34
      copying, 83-85
      creating and initializing, 72, 106-111
            defining a constructor, 107
            expression statements, using, 42
            instance initializers, 111
            invoking one constructor from another, 108
            multiple constructors, 108
            new operator, using, 41
      defined, 98
      exception, 58
      information about, obtaining with instanceof, 139
      instanceof operator, using with, 40
      InvalidObjectException, 409, 414
      locking, 56, 245-247
      manipulating by reference, 158
      NullPointerException, 478
      Object class, 479
      serializing/deserializing (see serialization)
      SignedObject class, 290
      state of, in instance fields, 103
      strings as, 73
      type defined by class or interface, 98
      using, 73
      waiting threads, list of, 248
      (see also object-oriented programming)
ObjectStreamClass class, 417
ObjectStreamConstants interface, 418
ObjectStreamException, 419
ObjectStreamField class, 419
Observable class, 804
Observer interface, 805
octal numbers, 24
      Integer type conversions, 472
      Long type conversions, 474
      Short type conversions, 488
of( )
      EnumSet class, 184
      UnicodeBlock class, 452
offer( ) (Queue), 234
offsetByCodePoints( )
      Character class, 448
      String class, 493
OID (object identifier), 707
oldjava interpreter, 333
oldjavaw interpreter, 333
on( )
      DigestInputStream class, 648
      DigestOutputStream class, 649
on-demand type imports, 91
      naming conflicts and shadowing, 92
onMalformedInput( ), 635
onUnmappableCharacter( ), 635
OO (see object-oriented programming)
open( )
      connected SocketChannel, creating, 271
      DatagramChannel class, 605
      Pipe class, 614
      unconnected SocketChannel, creating, 271
openConnection( ) (URL), 581, 948, 951
openStream( ) (URL), 581
operands
      evaluation by Java interpreter, 32
      list of, 28
      number and type, 31
operating systems, 2
OperatingSystemMXBean interface, 523
operators, 14, 18, 28-41
      arithmetic, 32
      assignment, 39
      associativity, 30
      bitwise and shift, 37
      boolean, 35
      characters used as, 21
      comparison, 34
            relational operators, 35
      conditional, 39
      expressions, order of evaluation, 32
      increment and decrement, 34
      instanceof, 40
      listed, 28-29
      new, 72
      operand number and type, 31
      overloading, 158
      precedence of, 30
      return types, 31
      side effects of, 32
            combination assignment operators, 39
      special (language constructs), 40
      string concatenation, 33
      ternary, 31
OptionalDataException, 420
OR operator
      | (bitwise OR), 29, 37
      |= (bitwise OR assignment) operator, 29
      | (boolean OR), 29, 37
      || (conditional OR), 29, 36
order( ) (ByteBuffer), 590
order of evaluation, 32
ordinal( ), 180, 464
      enumerated types, 183
ordinaryChar( ) (StreamTokenizer), 433
ordinaryChars( ) (StreamTokenizer), 433
org.ietf.jgss package, 982
org.w3c.dom package, 276, 1032-1050
org.xml.sax package, 276, 1051-1064
org.xml.sax.ext package, 1064-1069
org.xml.sax.helpers package, 1069-1076
out of band data, receiving, 573
OutOfMemoryError, 68, 480
output (see input/output)
OutputKeys class, 1008
OutputStream class, 385, 420
      write( ), 386
OutputStreamWriter class, 421
OverlappingFileLockException, 614
overlaps( ) (FileLock), 610
overloaded methods, references to, 319
overloading
      methods, 66, 97
            defining multiple constructors for class, 108
            overriding vs., 120
      operators, 158
overridden methods
      chaining, 123
      superclass of a containing class, 145
@Override annotation, 131, 194, 440, 481
overriding methods, 71, 120-123
      abstract, 129
      dynamic method lookup, 121
      field hiding vs., 121
      final and static method lookup, 122
      inherited methods, 99
      invoking overridden methods, 122
      Object class methods, 131
overview page, javadoc documentation, 320, 344
      overview doc comment, using, 346

P[ Top ]
Pack200 class, 875
pack200 tool, 366
      advanced options, 368
      basic options, 367
Pack200.Packer interface, 875
Pack200.Unpacker interface, 876
package access, 125
      class member accessibility, 127
package annotations, 197
Package class, 481
package declarations, 18
package directive, 90
packages, 2, 17, 89-93
      access to, 124
      assertions enabling or disabling, 459
      associated with classes, 459
      declaring, 90
      defined, 89
      doc comments for, 319
      enabling assertions in all classes and its subpackages, 61
      globally unique names, 90
      importing types, 90
            naming conflicts and shadowing, 91
            static members, 92
      key, listing of, 203
      naming and capitalization conventions, 308
      not documented in this book, 204
      omitting names in javadoc documentation, 346
      references to, in @see javadoc tag, 318
      unnamed, 90
      visibility, 156
packets of data, 262
      loopback, 565
padding schemes (cryptography), 935
PalmOS, 2
@param javadoc tag, 314
parameterized types, 52, 160
      arrays, 166
      bounded wildcards in, 168
      conversion to nonparameterized, 165
      exceptions and, 175
      generic types vs., 160
      hierarchy, 164
      malformed, exception, 537
      Map, 231
ParameterizedType interface, 539
parameters, 10
      arguments, assigning to, 12
      certification path, 691
      listing for methods, 66
      naming and capitalization conventions, 309
      this (keyword), for instance methods, 104
      type parameters, 163
            annotation types and, 200
            specifying for generic methods, 173
            wildcards, 166-169
      as variables, 11
      <xsl:param> tags, 1011
parameters, method
      annotations, 198
parentheses (see ( ), under Symbols)
parse( ), 746
parseByte( ), 447
parseDouble( ), 463
ParseException, 746
parseInt( ) (Integer), 11, 472
parseLong( ) (Long), 474
parseNumbers( ) (StreamTokenizer), 433
parseObject( ), 741, 746
ParsePosition class, 746
Parser interface (SAX), 1059
ParserAdapter class (SAX), 1073
ParserFactory class (SAX), 1074
parsers, 204, 1001-1007
      DocumentBuilder class, 1002
      DocumentBuilderFactory class, 1003
      DOM (Document Object Model), 276, 278
      FactoryConfigurationError, 1004
      javax.xml.parsers package, 994
      ParserConfigurationError, 1004
      SAX (Simple API for XML), 276
      SAXParser class, 1005
      SAXParserFactory, 1006
parseShort( ), 488
pass by reference, 86
pass by value, 86
PasswordAuthentication class, 567
password-based encryption (PBE), 939, 943
PasswordCallback class, 980
passwords
      access control for /etc/passwd, 302, 303
      authenticating, Authenticator class, 551
      expired, 990
      incorrect, 990
      -keypass password option, jarsigner, 329
      keystore, changing, 364
      PasswordProtection (KeyStore), 661
      (see also logins)
path separators, 326
pathnames, JAR archive, 564
paths (CertPath), 688
Pattern class, 213, 214, 904-908
      multiple matches with a regular expression, 214
      regular expression syntax, 905-908
pattern matching with regular expressions (see regular expressions)
PatternSyntaxException, 214, 908
PBE (password-based encryption), 943
PBEKey interface, 939
PBEKeySpec class, 943
PBEParameterSpec class, 943
PBEWithMD5AndDES algorithm, 923
peek( )
      Queue interface, 234, 235
      Stack class, 816
percentages, 744
performance, 6
      dynamic vs. static method lookup, 122
      Java VM, 2
performance tuning options, Java interpreter, 335
Perl 5 programming language, 213
Perl regular expressions, 212
      matches, Java vs., 213
permissions, 303
      AllPermission class, 645
      AuthPermission class, 971
      BasicPermission class, 646
      checking with SecurityManager, 487
      defining in policy file, 369
      DelegationPermission, 982
      FilePermission class, 402
      guidelines for, web site information, 305
      how they work, 303
      jstatd daemon, 362
      LoggingPermission, 886
      ManagementPermission class, 520
      NetPermission class, 566
      Permission class, 304, 666
            subclasses for access control, 303
            subclasses, summary of, 306
      PermissionCollection class, 305, 667
      Permissions class, 639, 667
      PrivateCredentialPermission, 973
      PropertyPermission class, 807
      ReflectPermission class, 540
      restricted, 5
      RuntimePermission class, 486
      SecurityPermission class, 677
      SerializablePermission class, 432
      ServicePermission, 985
      SocketPermission class, 577
      SSLPermission class, 960
      UnresolvedPermission class, 681
      URLClassLoader class, 582
persistence, object, 286
      JavaBeans, 287
      serialization, 286
      serialPersistentFields, 316
PhantomReference class, 526
ping utility, 263
Pipe class, 614, 620
PipedInputStream class, 257, 385, 422
PipedOutputStream class, 257, 385, 422
PipedReader class, 257, 423
PipedWriter class, 257, 424
Pipe.SinkChannel class, 615
Pipe.SourceChannel class, 615
PKCS #1 standard, OAEP padding, 942, 943
PKCS#5 (password-based encryption algorithm), 943
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec interface, 719
PKIXBuilderParameters class, 698
PKIXCertPathBuilderResult class, 698
PKIXCertPathChecker class, 699
PKIXCertPathValidatorResult class, 699
PKIXParameters class, 700
platforms
      defined, 2
      directory separator characters, 311
      line separators, differences in, 311
pleaseStop( ) (example method), 241
plus sign (+) (see +, under Symbols)
Point class (example), defining, 72
pointers (C language), 82
      Java references vs., 96
      method, 97
policies (see security policies)
Policy class, 303, 639, 668, 972
      modifying permissions to untrusted code, 305
PolicyNode class, 701
PolicyQualifierInfo class, 701
policytool program, 303, 305, 369
      defining permissions, 369
poll( )
      Queue interface, 234, 235
      ReferenceQueue class, 527
pop( ), 816
portability
      conventions and rules, 310-312
      Java interpreter, 2
ports, access restrictions for applets, 301
PortUnreachableException, 567
position( ), 270
      FileChannel class, 607
      FileLock class, 610
position (buffers), 587, 590
positive zero, 26
post-decrement operator, 29, 34
post-increment expression statements, 42
post-increment operator, 29, 34
<PRE> tag in doc comments, 313
precedence, operator, 28, 30
      ! (boolean NOT) operator, 36
      boolean vs. comparison operators, 36
      conditional (?:) operator, 40
      order of evaluation and, 32
      overriding with parentheses, 30
precision (format specifier), 784
      illegal, 791
precision in BigDecimal arithmetic, 547
pre-decrement expression statements, 42
pre-decrement operator, 29, 34
predefined classes, 2
preferences, 892-899
      AbstractPreferences, 893
      BackingStoreException, 894
      InvalidPreferencesFormatException, 894
      java.util.prefs package, 204, 750
      NodeChangeEvent, 895
      NodeChangeListener, 895
      PreferenceChangeEvent class, 896
      PreferenceChangeListener, 295, 896
      Preferences class, 294, 896-899
      PreferencesFactory interface, 899
      user, Properties class and, 293
pre-increment operator, 29, 34
premain( ), 517
preprocessor (C language), 95
prev( ) (CharacterIterator), 730
previous( ) (ListIterator), 756, 798
previousIndex( ) (ListIterator), 798
primary expressions, 28
prime numbers
      large, randomly generated, 219
      RSA private key, 721
primitive data types, 18, 21-27
      array elements, returning as, 531
      arrays of, conversions, 88
      boolean, 22, 446
      buffers for, 587
      byte, 24
      byte buffers viewed as other types, 590
      char, 22
            Character class, 448
      conversions
            boxing and unboxing, 88
            listing of type conversions, 27
      differences between Java and C, 96
      double, 462
      encountered when object data is expected, 420
      equality, testing for, 35
      fields, 534
      float, 467
      floating-point types, 25
      int, 24
            Integer class, 472
      integer types, 24
      long, 22, 25
            Long class, 474
      operand, 31
      reading in binary format with DataInput, 393
      reading in binary format with DataInputStream, 386, 394
      reference types vs., 82
      short, 24
            Short class, 488
      textual representation of, 424
      wrapper classes, 217, 439
      writing in binary format with DataOutput, 395
      writing in binary format with DataOutputStream, 386, 395
      (see also listings under individual type names)
Principal interface, 369, 668
principals
      KerberosPrincipal, 983
      X.500, 970, 992
print( )
      PrintStream class, 424
      PrintWriter class, 426
printf( ), 69, 386, 426
      Formatter class, xviii, 211
      formatting numbers, 220
      formatting text, 210
      MissingFormatArgumentException, 803
printList( ), 166
println( ), 12
      PrintStream class, 424
      PrintStream or PrintWriter, 311
      PrintWriter class, 426
PrintStream class, 424
      format( ), 211
      implementing Appendable interface, 386
      Java 5.0 enhancements, 386
      printf( ), 210
      println( ), 311
PrintWriter class, 386, 426
      format( ), 211
      Java 5.0 enhancements, 386
      printf( ), 210
      println( ), 311
priority levels for threads, 240, 502
      maximum priority in a ThreadGroup, 506
priority queue, 234
PriorityBlockingQueue class, 251, 845
PriorityQueue class, 235, 251, 805
private keys, 289
      EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo class, 927
      -keypass password option, jarsigner, 329
private modifier, 124, 156
      anonymous classes and, 153
      class member visibility, 127
      class members, 99, 125
      constructors, 118
      fields, 101
      local classes and, 148
      member class, applying to, 144
      methods, 67
            abstract modifier and, 129
            inheritance and, 122
      static member types and, 142
PrivateCredentialPermission class, 973
private-key encryption, 639, 938
      Diffie-Hellman private key, 941
      DSA private key, 709
      RSA private key, 711
PrivateKey interface, 669
      DSA, casting to, 709
      RSAPrivateCrtKey, casting to, 711
PrivateKeyEntry class (KeyStore), 661
PrivilegedAction interface, 669
PrivilegedActionException, 670
PrivilegedExceptionAction, 670
probablePrime( ) (BigInteger), 219
procedures (see methods)
Process class, 295, 440, 482
ProcessBuilder class, 295, 440, 482
processes, 295
      graphical interface to monitoring tools (jconsole), 352
      information about (jinfo), 357
      jdb connections to, 354
      listing running Java processes, 358
      local, providing information about (jstatd tool), 362
      spawning and executing on native system, 310
      stack traces (jstack tool), 360
ProcessingInstruction interface (DOM), 1049
profiling
      Java interpreter options, 336
      printing output to standard output, 337
programmers
      application, security for, 304
      benefits of using Java, 6
      system, security for, 304
programming languages
      C and C++ (see C and C++)
      Java (see Java language)
      lexically scoped, 150
      Perl, regular expressions in, 212
      strongly typed, 11
programs, Java, 17
      classes as fundamental unit, 9
      compiling, 8
      complete, portability of, 311
      defining and running, 94
      dynamic, extensible, 5
      lexical structure, 18-21
            case sensitivity and whitespace, 19
            comments, 19
            identifiers, 20
            literals, 21
            punctuation, 21
            Unicode, 18
      main( ) method, 10
      overview, 18
      running, 8
propagating exceptions, 57
properties, 128
      JavaBean, 321
            bound properties, 322
            constrained properties, 323
            conventions for, 322
            indexed properties, 322
            specialized subtypes, 321
      Properties class, 233, 293, 806
            invalid properties exception, 792
      PropertyPermission class, 807
      PropertyResourceBundle class, 808
      system, listed, 500
      XML transformation output, 1010
PropertyChangeEvent class, 321
PropertyChangeListener interface, 321
      adding/removing listeners, 323
PropertyChangeSupport class, 323
propertyNames( ), 806
PropertyVetoException class, 321, 324
protected modifier, 124, 157
      anonymous classes and, 153
      class members, 99, 125, 126
      fields, 101
      finalizer methods, 113
      local classes and, 148
      member class, applying to, 144
      methods, 67
      Object.clone( ), 134
ProtectionDomain class, 639, 670
ProtectionParameter (KeyStore), 661
protocol, serialization, 418
ProtocolException, 568
provider( ) (SelectorProvider), 627
Provider class, 671
ProviderException class, 673
Provider.Service class, 673
Proxy class, 286, 529, 540, 568
ProxySelector class, 569
Proxy.Type class, 568
pseudo-random numbers, 218, 639, 809
      Cipher class, 923
      generating with Math class, 475
      SecureRandom class, 674
      SecureRandomSpi, 675
PSource class, 943
PSource.PSpecified class, 944
PSSParameterSpec class, 720
public modifier, 124, 157
      anonymous classes and, 153
      in class definitions, 99
      class fields, 102
      class members, 99, 125, 126
      classes, 9
            in Java files, 94
      constructors, 118
      fields, 101
      finalizer methods, 113
      local classes and, 148
      member class, applying to, 144
      methods, 67
            interface, 135
            JavaBeans, 321
public-key encryption, 939
      Diffie-Hellman public key, 942
      DSA public key, 709
      RSA public key, 712
      (see also cryptography)
PublicKey interface, 673
      RSA, setting to, 707
      RSAPublicKey, casting to, 712
punctuation characters
      escaping, 23
      identifier names and, 21
      representing operators, 18
      as tokens, 21
push( ), 816
PushbackInputStream class, 427
PushbackReader class, 428
put( ), 251
      AbstractMap class, 755
      Buffer class, 587
      ByteBuffer class, 589
      HashMap class, 786
      Hashtable class, 788
      Map interface, 231, 801
      Properties class, 806
      Queue interface, 234, 235
      TreeMap class, 820
putAll( ) (Map), 232, 801
PutField class, 416
putFields( ), 415
putIfAbsent( ) (ConcurrentMap), 233
putValue( ) (SSLSocket), 962

Q[ Top ]
QName class, 1001
QuadraticSequence class, 238
qualified names (QName class), 1001
queues
      BlockingQueue interface, 830
            example of use, 242
            implementations, 251
      ConcurrentLinkedQueue, 833
      DelayQueue class, 838
      FIFO and LIFO, 234
      insertion and removal operations, 234
      LinkedBlockingQueue, 844
      PriorityBlockingQueue, 845
      PriorityQueue class, 805
      Queue and BlockingQueue interfaces, 234-235
            BlockingQueue, 234
      Queue interface, 225, 751, 808
            Collection methods, 226
      ReferenceQueue, 527
      SynchronousQueue, 850
quick reference material, generation of, xxii
quoteChar( ) (StreamTokenizer), 433

R[ Top ]
\r (carriage return), 23
radians, 217
radiansToDegrees( ) (Circle), 103
random access to file contents, 270
Random class, 218, 809
random numbers
      SecureRandom class, 674
      SecureRandomSpi, 675
      (see also pseudo-random numbers)
RandomAccess interface, 139, 225, 810
RandomAccessFile class, 253, 268, 385, 429
raw types, 163
      using wildcard (?) instead of, for generics, 167
RC2ParameterSpec class, 944
RC5ParameterSpec class, 945
read( ), 873
      DataInputStream class, 394
      DigestInputStream class, 648
      FileChannel class, 268, 607
      FileInputStream class, 400
      FilterReader class, 405
      InputStream class, 385, 407
      Manifest class, 874
      PushbackInputStream class, 427
      ReadableByteChannel, 606, 616
      Reader class, 430
      SelectableChannel interface, 617
      Socket class, 572
      SocketChannel class, 622
read, write, delete, and execute permissions, 402
Readable interface, 215, 386, 440, 483
ReadableByteChannel interface, 266, 268, 616
Reader class, 254, 386, 430
      charset encoder/decoder, 630
readExternal( ) (Externalizable), 397
readFields( ) (ObjectInputStream), 414
readFully( ) (DataInputStream), 394
reading
      byte and character streams, 254
      file contents, 252
      (see also input/output)
readLine( )
      BufferedReader class, 386
      DataInputStream class (deprecated method), 389, 394
      LineNumberReader class, 410
ReadLock class, 868
readObject( ), 412, 415
      ObjectInputStream class, 413, 414, 420
      ObjectOutputStream class, 432
read-only buffers, 588, 590
read-only collections, 236
read-only files, 397
ReadOnlyBufferException, 599
readUnsignedByte( ), 394
readUnsignedShort( ), 394
ReadWriteLock interface, 866
ready( ) (Reader), 430
readyOps( ) (SelectionKey), 619
receive( )
      DatagramChannel class, 605
      DatagramSocket class, 556, 567
rectangular arrays, 81
red-black tree, 228, 233
redefineClasses( ) (Instrumentation), 517
redirectErrorStream( ) (ProcessBuilder), 483
redirection of system in, out, and err streams, 500
ReentrantLock interface, 866
ReentrantReadWriteLock class, 867
ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock class, 868
ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock class, 869
reference types, 81-89
      boxing and unboxing conversions, 88
      C language pointers vs., 96
      comparing objects, 85
      conversions, 86-89
      copying objects, 83-85
      defined by Java, 99
      definitions, in Java programs, 18
      enumerated (see enumerated types)
      equality, testing for, 35
      in operands, 31
      instance of operator, using with, 40
      interface (see interfaces)
      memory allocation and garbage collection, 86
      naming and capitalization conventions, 308
      pass by value, 86
      primitive types vs., 82
references, 526-529
      cross references in doc comments, 315
      cross-references in doc comments, 318
      java.lang.ref package, 439
      null, 74
      PhantomReference class, 526
      Reference class, 527
      ReferenceQueue class, 527
      SoftReference class, 528
      to objects
            object member access (.) operator, 41
            restoring with this pointer, 114
            unused, causing memory leaks, 112
            weak references, 204
      WeakReference class, 528
referent, 526
reflection, 283-286
Reflection API, 529-542
      annotation support, 198
      applets, security restrictions on, 302
      changes in Java 5.0, 529
      Class class, 529
            Java 5.0 methods, 456
      dynamic proxies, 286
      @Inherited annotation type, 202
      java.lang.reflect package, 204, 439
      (see also Class class)
ReflectPermission class, 540
refresh( )
      Policy class, 668
      Refreshable interface, 974
Refreshable interface, 974
RefreshFailedException, 974
regionMatches( ) (String), 492
register( ) (SelectableChannel), 617, 618
registering event listeners, 321, 325
      for constrained properties, 323
      methods, conventions for, 323
      unicast event, 325
registerValidation( ), 412, 414
regular expressions, 212-215, 899-909
      java.util.regex package, 204, 751
      Matcher class, 900-903
      matches, Java vs. Perl, 213
      MatchResult interface, 903
      multiple matches, 214
      Pattern class, 904-908
            regular expression syntax, 905-908
      PatternSyntaxException, 908
      search-and-replace operations, 213
      strings, using with, 493
RejectedExecutionException, 846
RejectedExecutionHandler interface, 846
relational operators, 34
relativize( ) (URI), 579
RELAX NG (XML schema), 281
release( ) (Semaphore), 249
release of Java, specified for source files, 346
remove( )
      AbstractList class, 754
      AbstractMap class, 755
      Collection interface, 227, 766
      HashSet class, 787
      Hashtable class, 788
      Iterator interface, 753, 793
      LinkedList class, 795
      List interface, 229, 797
      ListIterator interface, 798
      Map interface, 231, 232, 801
      Queue interface, 235
      ReferenceQueue class, 527
      Set interface, 228
      TreeMap class, 820
      TreeSet class, 821
remove methods, deregistering event listeners, 321
removeAll( )
      Collection class, 766
      List interface, 229
      Map interface, 232
removeElementAt( ) (Vector), 824
removePropertyChangeListener( ), 323
removeProvider( ) (Security), 676
removeValue( ) (SSLSocket), 962
removeVetoableChangeListener( ), 323
renameTo( ) (File), 398
repetitive tasks, threads for, 241
replace( )
      String class, 492
      StringBuffer class, 495
replaceAll( ) (String), 213, 493
replaceFirst( ) (String), 213, 493
requestPasswordAuthentication( ) (Authenticator), 551, 566
reserved words, 20
      (see also keywords), 116
reset( ), 686
      ByteArrayOutputStream class, 391
      CharArrayReader class, 391
      CharArrayWriter class, 392
      InputStream class, 407
      MessageDigest class, 664
      Reader class, 430
      SAXParser class, 1005
      StringReader class, 435
      Transformer class, 1011
resetSyntax( ) (StreamTokenizer), 433
resolve( ) (URI), 579
ResourceBundle class, 810
resources associated with a class, 458
resources for further information
      examples in this book, xxi
      quick reference material, generating, xxii
      related books, xx
ResponseCache class, 569
Result interface, 280, 1009
results, computing, 12
resume( ) (Thread), 502
retainAll( )
      Collection interface, 227, 766
      List interface, 229
      Map interface, 232
@Retention annotation, 200, 202, 514
retention (of an annotation), 193
RetentionPolicy class, 202
@return javadoc tag, 315
return statements, 13, 15, 55
      switch statements, stopping, 47
return types, 31
      covariant, 70
      method overriding and, 120
return values, 10
      comparison and relational operators, 34
      methods, data types for, 65
reverse( ) (Collections), 768
reverseOrder( ) (Collections), 767
rewind( ) (Buffer), 588
right shift operator (>>), signed, 29, 38
      >>= (signed right shift assignment) operator, 29
right shift operator (>>>), unsigned, 29
      >>>= (unsigned right shift assignment) operator, 29
right-to-left associativity, 30
root directories, listing, 397
root directory of generated documentation, 317
rotate( ) (Collections), 768
rotateLeft( ) (Integer), 472
rotateRight( ) (Integer), 472
rounding numbers
      BigDecimal class and, 543
      floating-point values when converting to integers, 27
      functions for, 217
RoundingMode class, 219, 548
RSA and DSA public and private keys, 707
RSA PSS encoding (PKCS#1 standard), 720
RSAKey interface, 710
RSAKeyGenParameterSpec, 720
RSAMultiPrimePrivateCrtKeySpec, 721
RSAOtherPrimeInfo class, 721
RSAPrivateCrtKey interface, 711
RSAPrivateCrtKeySpec interface, 722
RSAPrivateKey interface, 712
RSAPrivateKeySpec class, 722
RSA-PSS signature (PKCS#1 standard), 719
RSAPublicKey interface, 707, 712
RSAPublicKeySpec interface, 722
RuleBasedCollator class, 747
run( ), 238, 440
      call( ) vs., 243
      PrivilegedAction interface, 669
      PrivilegedExceptionAction, 670
      Runnable interface, 484
      Thread class, 238, 502
      TimerTask class, 818
runFinalization( ) (System), 500
Runnable interface, 238, 243, 250, 440, 484
      getDelegatedTask( ), 956
      scheduling Runnable objects, 244
RUNNABLE thread, 239, 504
running Java programs, 8, 94
Runtime class, 440, 484
      addShutdownHook( ), 114, 297
      exec( ), portability conventions and rules, 310
runtime environment, Java, 1, 4
RuntimeException, 68, 485
RuntimeMXBean interface, 524
RuntimePermission class, 486

S[ Top ]
sameFile( ) (URL), 581
sandbox, 301
SAX (Simple API for XML), 276, 1051-1076
      javax.xml.transform package, 994
      javax.xml.transform.sax package, 1017-1020
      org.xml.sax package, 1051-1064
      org.xml.sax.ext package, 1064-1069
      org.xml.sax.helpers package, 1069-1076
      parsing XML, 277
      representing XML documents as method call sequences, 280
      validation, source documents, 1024
      ValidatorHandler and, 1025
SAXException, 1060
SAXNotRecognizedException, 1060
SAXNotSupportedException, 1061
SAXParseException, 1061
SAXParser class, 277, 1005
SAXParserFactory class, 1006
SAXResult class, 1017
SAXSource class, 282, 1018
SAXTransformerFactory class, 1018
Scanner class, 215, 440, 751, 811-813
      InputMismatchException, 792
ScatteringByteChannel, 266, 616
schedule( ) (Timer), 818
scheduleAtFixedRate( ) (Timer), 818
scheduledExecutionTime( ) (TimerTask), 819
ScheduledExecutorService, 244, 847
ScheduledFuture interface, 244, 848
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor, 848
scheduling tasks, 751
schemas, XML, 281
      Schema class, 1022
      SchemaFactory class, 1022
      SchemaFactoryLoader class, 1023
      specifying for parser, 1006
scientific notation, 25
scope, 12, 44
      inheritance vs., for member classes, 147
      local classes, 149
      local variables, local classes and, 150
sealed packages, 481
SealedObject class, 292, 935
search-and-replace operations, using regular expressions, 213
searching
      arrays, 79, 224
      collections elements, 237
SecretKey interface, 290, 936
SecretKeyEntry (KeyStore), 662
SecretKeyFactory class, 936
SecretKeyFactorySpi class, 937
SecretKeySpec class, 945
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), 370
secure hash (see message digests)
SecureCacheResponse class, 570
SecureClassLoader class, 674
SecureRandom class, 218, 639, 674
SecureRandomSpi class, 675
security, 5, 288-292, 299-307, 638-723
      access control, 299, 301-304
            applets, restrictions on, 301
            file access, 402
            fine-tuning trust levels, policies, and permissions, 303
            sandbox, 301
      for application programmers, 304
      architecture, 300
      authentication and authorization, 204, 970-993
      authentication and cryptography, 301
      cryptography, 290-292
      digital signatures, 289
            SignedObject class, 290
      digitally signed classes, 302
      for end users, 305
      Java VM
            access restrictions, 300
            byte-code verification, 300
      java.security package, 204, 638-682
      java.security.cert package, 682-707
      java.security.interfaces package, 707-712
      java.security.spec package, 712-723
      message digests, 256, 288
      packets, sending/receiving, 556
      permissions and policies (see permissions; security policies)
      risks, 300
      secure HTTP (https: protocol), 258
      Secure Sockets Layer (see SSL)
      SecurityException, 486
      SecurityManager (see SecurityManager class)
      for system administrators, 305
      for system programmers, 304
      system properties, granting access to, 807
      URLClassLoader class, 582
Security class, 676
security policies, 303
      default, defined by system administrators, 305
      file permissions, 402
      how they work, 303
      implementation by SecurityManager, 487
      jstatd permissions, 362
      NetPermission class, 566
      Policy class, 668, 972
      policytool, 369
      ReflectPermission class, 541
      RuntimePermission names, 486
      system, user, and java.security.policy policy files, 306
      user-defined, augmenting or replacing system policy, 305
SecurityManager class, 301, 487
      default, automatically installing, 306
      delegation of access requests to AccessController, 303
      getting and setting system SecurityManager, 501
      installing, 305
      restrictions on applets, 302
      use by FileInputStream class, 302
SecurityPermission class, 677
@see javadoc tags, 315, 318
      package.html file, 319
seek( ) (RandomAccessFile), 429
select( )
      ProxySelector class, 569
      Selector class, 251, 618, 620
SelectableChannel interface, 617
selectedKeys( ) (Selector), 618
SelectionKey class, 618
Selector class, 273, 620
      IllegalSelectorException, 612
selector classes, 204
      AbstractSelectionKey class, 626
      AbstractSelector class, 627
SelectorProvider class, 627
self-reflection, 283
self-signed certificate authority certificates, 366
Semaphore class, 249, 849
semicolon (see ; under Symbols)
send( )
      DatagramChannel class, 605
      DatagramSocket class, 556, 567
sendUrgentData( ) (Socket), 573
separator characters, 326
      constants defined by File class, 397
      directory, 311
      line separators on different platforms, 311
separators (tokens), 21
SequenceInputStream class, 431
sequential data (see input/output; streams)
@serial javadoc tag, 316
@serialData javadoc tag, 316
@serialField javadoc tag, 316
Serializable interface, 139, 432
      arrays, 75
      implemented by collections and maps, 227
SerializablePermission class, 432
serialization, 286
      deserialization methods, ObjectInput interface, 411
      deserialization methods, ObjectInputStream, 412-413
      enumerated types, 191
      Externalizable interface, using, 397
      JavaBeans components, 287
      NotSerializableException, 411
      ObjectInputStream class, 386
      ObjectInputStream.GetField class, 413
      ObjectInputValidation class, 414
      ObjectOutput interface, 415
      ObjectOutputStream class, 386, 415
      ObjectOutputStream.PutField class, 416
      ObjectStreamClass class, 417
      ObjectStreamConstants interface, 418
      ObjectStreamException, 419
      ObjectStreamField class, 419
      OptionalDataException, 420
      SealedObject class, 292, 935
      @serial javadoc tag, 316
      SerializablePermission class, 432
      SignedObject class, 290, 679
      StreamCorruptedException, 433
      warnings about inadequate documentation, 346
      writing data in addition to default, 316
      (see also Serializable interface)
serialPersistentFields field, 316, 412, 415
serialver program, 370
serialVersionUID field, 417
server sockets, factory classes for, 204
server version of VM (Sun HotSpot), 332
servers, 261
      blocking I/O and, 273
      communicating directly with, using sockets, 258
      NonBlockingServer class (example), 273-276
server-side networking, 272
ServerSocket class, 261, 272, 570
ServerSocketChannel class, 621
ServerSocketFactory class, 946
Service class (Provider), 673
service provider interface, 639
      algorithm-parameter generation, 643
      AlgorithmParameters, 644
      CertificateFactory class, 687
      CertificateFactorySpi, 687
      CertPathBuilderSpi, 691
      CertPathValidatorSpi, 693
      CertStoreSpi, 695
      channel and selector implementations, 586
      channels and selectors, 625-628
      charset implementations, 586
      charsets, 637
      CipherSpi class, 926
      ExemptionMechanismSPI, 929
      for JAAS, 970
      javax.crypto package, 921
      KeyAgreementSpi class, 931
      KeyFactorySpi, 655
      KeyGeneratorSpi class, 933
      KeyManagerFactorySpi, 953
      KeyPairGeneratorSpi, 657
      KeyStoreSpi, 663
      KeyStoreSpi class, 663
      LoginModule, for JAAS, 992
      MacSpi class, 934
      message-digest algorithms, 664
      SecretKeyFactorySpi class, 937
      secure random number generation, 675
      SignatureSpi, 679
      SSLContextSpi, 955
      TrustManagerFactorySpi, 968
ServicePermission class, 985
servlets, 10
session IDs, SSL, 964
set( ), 252
      AbstractList class, 754
      ArrayList class, 758
      Calendar class, 763
      Field class, 534
      LinkedList class, 795
      List interface, 229
      ListIterator interface, 756, 798
      ThreadLocal class, 507
Set interface, 225, 813
      AbstractSet class, 757
      Collection interface methods, 226
      SortedSet interface, 816
set prefix, data accessor methods, 128
setAccessible( ) (AccessibleObject), 530, 540
setAllowUserInteraction( ), 583
setAttribute( ) (TransformerFactory), 1013
setBroadcast( ), 556
setCalendar( ) (DateFormat), 734
setCertificateEntry( ) (KeyStore), 658
setCertPathCheckers( ), 699
setCertStores( ), 700
setCharAt( ) (StringBuffer), 496
setClassAssertionStatus( ), 459
setConnectTimeout( ), 583
setContentHandler( ), 1020
setContentHandlerFactory( ), 554
setContextClassLoader( ) (Thread), 502
setDaemon( ) (Thread), 502
setDatagramSocketImplFactory( ), 558
setDefault( )
      Authenticator class, 551, 566
      CookieHandler class, 554
      ProxySelector class, 569
      ResponseCache class, 569
setDefaultAllowUserInteraction( ), 583
setDefaultAssertionStatus( ), 459
setDefaultUncaughtException-Handler( ), 503, 505
setDefaultUseCaches( ), 569, 583
setDoInput( ) (URLConnection), 583
setDoOutput( ) (URLConnection), 583
setDTDHandler( ), 1020
setElementAt( ) (Vector), 824
setEnabledProtocols( ) (SSLSocket), 965
setEndRule( ) (SimpleTimeZone), 814
setEntry( ) (KeyStore), 658
setErr( ) (System), 500
setErrorHandler( ), 1023
setErrorListener( )
      Transformer class, 1011
      TransformerFactory class, 1013
setFeature( )
      SAXParserFactory class, 1006
      SchemaFactory class, 1023
      Validator class, 1024
      XPathFactory class, 1029
setGroupingUsed( ), 744
setHostnameVerifier( ), 951
setIfModifiedSince( ), 583
setIn( ) (System), 500
setInput( ) (Deflater), 912
setInterface( ) (MulticastSocket), 565
setKeepAlive( ) (Socket), 573
setKeyEntry( ) (KeyStore), 658
setLastModified( ) (File), 397
setLevel( ) (ZipOutputStream), 874, 919
setLineNumber( ), 410
setLocale( ) (MessageFormat), 742
setLoopbackMode( ), 565
setMaxCRLNumber( ), 706
setMaximumFractionDigits( ), 744
setMaxPathLength( ), 698
setMaxPriority( ) (ThreadGroup), 506
setMethod( ), 874
      ZipOutputStream class, 919
setMinCRLNumber( ), 706
setName( )
      NameCallback class, 980
      Thread class, 502
setNeedClientAuth( ), 961, 965
setNetworkInterface( ), 565
setNode( ) (DOMResult), 1015
setOOBInline( ) (Socket), 573
setOption( ) (SocketOptions), 576
setOut( ) (System), 500
setOutputProperties( ) (Transformer), 1010
setOutputProperty( ) (Transformer), 1011
setPackageAssertionStatus( ), 459
setParameter( ) (Transformer), 1011
setPassword( ), 980
setPolicy( ) (Policy), 668, 677
setPriority( ) (Thread), 502
setProperties( )
      System class, 500
      TransformerHandler interface, 1020
setProperty( )
      Properties class, 806
      SAXParser class, 1005
      SchemaFactory class, 1023
      System class, 807
      System interface, 500
      TransformerHandler interface, 1020
      Validator class, 1024
setReadOnly( ) (File), 397
setReadTimeout( ), 583
setReceiveBufferSize( ), 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 572
setRequestMethod( ), 559
setResourceResolver( ), 1023
setReuseAddress( ), 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 573
sets, 225
      defined, 227
      enumerated values, 225
      hashtable-based, 225
      immutable Set objects, 237
      Set interface, 227
            implementations, listed, 228
setSchema( ), 1006
setSecurityManager( ) (System), 501
setSeed( ) (SecureRandom), 675
setSendBufferSize( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      Socket class, 572
setSessionCacheSize( ), 964
setSessionTimeout( ), 964
setSoLinger( ) (Socket), 573
setSoTimeout( )
      DatagramSocket class, 556
      ServerSocket class, 570
      Socket class, 572
setStartRule( ) (SimpleTimeZone), 814
setStrength( ) (Collator), 733
setTcpNoDelay( ) (Socket), 573
setText( ) (BreakIterator), 729
setThreadCPUTimeEnabled( ), 525
setTime( )
      Calendar class, 764
      Date class, 222
setTimeToLive( ), 565
setTimeZone( ) (DateFormat), 734
setTrafficClass( ) (Socket), 556, 573
setTrustAnchors( ), 700
setUncaughtExceptionHandler( ), 503, 505
setURIResolver( )
      Transformer class, 1011, 1015
      TransformerFactory class, 1013
setUsageThreshold( ), 522
setUseCaches( ), 583
setValue( ) (Entry), 802
setVerbose( ) (CompilationMXBean), 518
setWantClientAuth( ), 961, 965
setXIncludeAware( ), 1006
setXPathFunctionResolver( ), 1029
setXPathVariableResolver( ), 1029
severe( ) (Logger), 212
severity levels, log messages, 211
SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm), 370
shadowing superclass fields, 145
shallow copy, 84
shared file locks, 270
shared locks, 608
shift operators, 37
      << (left shift), 38
      >> (signed right shift) operator, 38
      combining with assignment (=) operator, 39
      listed, 29
      return type, 31
short type, 22, 24
      comparing to float type with = = operator, 35
      conversion to other primitive types, 28
      Short class, 25, 217, 439, 488
      unsigned values, 394
ShortBuffer class, 600
ShortBufferException, 938
shuffle( ) (Collections), 768
shutdownInput( ) (Socket), 572
shutdownOutput( ) (Socket), 572
side effects
      expression
            in assertion expressions, 63
            in expression statements, 42
      of operators, 32
      order of evaluation and, 32
sign( ) (Signature), 677
signalAll( ) (Condition), 248
Signature class, 639, 677
signature, class definition, 99
      GenericSignatureFormatError, 535
SignatureException, 678
signatures, digital (see digital signatures)
signatures, method, 64-66
      generic, reflection on, 538
      implicit this parameter, 105
      varargs, converting, 69
SignatureSpi class, 679
signed numbers, 24
signed right shift operator (>>), 29, 38
SignedObject class, 290, 639, 679
Signer class, 680
signum( )
      Integer class, 472
      Math class, 476
simple class names, 91
SimpleDateFormat class, 747
SimpleFormatter class, 890
SimpleTimeZone class, 814
@since javadoc tags, 315
      javadoc, ignoring in doc comments, 346
      package.html file, 319
single-line comments, 19
singleton( ) (Collections), 237, 768
singletonList( ) (Collections), 237, 768
singletonMap( ) (Collections), 237, 768
sinh( ) (Math), 476
sink( ) (Pipe), 614
SinkChannel class (Pipe), 615
size( ), 756
      AbstractCollection class, 753
      AbstractList class, 754
      CharArrayWriter class, 392
      DataOutputStream class, 396
      FileChannel class, 608
      FileLock class, 610
      Map interface, 801
      Vector class, 824
skip( )
      InputStream class, 407
      Reader class, 430
      Scanner class, 215
      ZipInputStream class, 919
skipBytes( ) (DataInputStream), 394
slashSlashComments( ), 433
slashStarComments( ), 433
sleep( ) (Thread), 241, 250, 502
socket( ), 271
      DatagramChannel class, 605
      SocketChannel class, 622
SocketAddress class, 271, 574
      UnresolvedAddressException, 624
SocketChannel class, 271, 272
SocketHandler class, 890
sockets
      BindException, 552
      client-side networking with SocketChannel, 271
      ConnectException, 553
      DatagramSocket class, 555
      DatagramSocketImpl class, 557
      DatagramSocketImplFactory, 558
      factory classes for creating, 204
      handle to open socket, 399
      InetSocketAddress, 563
      MulticastSocket class, 565
      networking classes, 549
      nonblocking connections, 275
      ProtocolException, 568
      server-side networking (New I/O API), 272
      ServerSocket class, 272, 570
      ServerSocketChannel, 621
      ServerSocketFactory class, 946
      Socket class, 258, 272, 572-574
      SocketChannel, 622
      SocketChannel class, 271
      SocketException, 575
      SocketFactory class, 947
      SocketImpl class, 575
      SocketImplFactory interface, 576
      SocketOptions interface, 576
      SocketPermission class, 577
      SocketTimeoutException, 578
      SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 947-969
      unable to connect to remote host, 567
SoftReference class, 528
Solaris operating system
      Java interpreter, 2
      JDK, download site (Sun), 7
      thread type for Java interpreter and Classic VM, 333
sort( )
      Arrays class, 79, 224, 759
      Collections class, 237, 767
      static member imports and, 93
SortedMap interface, 225, 815
      TreeMap implementation, 233
SortedSet interface, 225, 816
      interesting methods, 228
      TreeSet class, 228
sorting collections elements, 237
source( ) (Pipe), 614, 615
-source 1.4 (javac command-line argument), 61
source code
      CodeSource class, 647
      converting to ASCII, 366
source files
      C language, for Java native methods, 348
      for classes being debugged, setting for jdb, 354, 356
      path, specifying for javac compiler, 340
      release of Java, specifying for, 346
      search path for (javadoc), 347
      specifying for javadoc to process, 342
Source interface, 280, 1009
source keyword, 339
SourceChannel class (Pipe), 615
SourceLocator interface, 1009
spaces in doc comments, 313
special effects, threads for, 241
SPI (see service provider interface)
split( ) (String), 214, 493
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 204, 259, 947-969
SSLContext class, 948, 954
SSLContextSpi class, 955
SSLEngine class, 948, 955
SSLEngineResult class, 957
SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus, 957
SSLException, 959
SSLHandshakeException, 959
SSLKeyException, 959
SSLPeerUnverifiedException, 960
SSLPermission class, 960
SSLServerSocket class, 961
SSLServerSocketFactory, 962
SSLSession class, 962
SSLSessionBindingEvent, 963
SSLSessionBindingListener, 964
SSLSessionContext, 964
SSLSocket class, 961, 964
SSLSocketFactory, 966
Stack class, 231, 816
      EmptyStackException, 774
stack traces
      displaying for current or specified threads, 357
      for exceptions, 57
      for threads, 503
      jstack tool, 360
StackOverflowError, 489
stacks
      LIFO queues, 234
      LinkedList, using, 795
StackTraceElement class, 489
standard extensions, 89
      additional information about, 204
      portability conventions and rules, 311
standard input, 399, 500
standard output, 399, 500
      profiling output, printing to, 337
start( )
      ProcessBuilder, 483
      Thread class, 239, 502
startElement( ) (SAXParser), 1005
startsWith( ) (String), 492
state
      beans, 321
      instance fields, 103
      threads, 502, 504
      writing complete object state to serialization stream, 316
State class, 504
statements, 11, 18, 42-64
      assert, 60-64
      break, 54
      compound, 14, 43
      continue, 54
      defined by Java, summary of, 42
      do/while, 49
      empty, 43
      expression, 42
      flow-control, 13
            return statement, 13
      for, 49
      for/in, 50-54
      if/else, 44-46
            else if clause, 45
            nested, 45
      labeled, 43
      local variable declaration, 43
      return, 55
      switch, 46-48
      synchronized, 55
      throw, 56
            exception types, 57
      try/catch/finally, 58-60
      while, 48
static initializers, 110
static (keyword), 10
static member types, 140, 141-143
      features of, 142
      implementation, 154
      importing, 143
      restrictions on, 143
static members, 99, 100
      class fields, 102
      generic types, 172
      import static declaration, 184
      methods, 102
static modifier, 157
      abstract modifier and, 129
      anonymous classes and, 153
      class fields, 102
      class methods, 102
      fields, 101
      interface methods and, 135
      local classes and, 148
      member classes and, 140
      method lookup, 122
      methods, 67
statistics, JVM (jstat tool), 360-362
Status class (SSLEngineResult), 958
stop( ) (Thread), 241, 502
store( )
      KeyStore class, 658
      Properties class, 806
StreamCorruptedException, 433
StreamHandler class, 891
streams
      byte stream classes in java.io, 385
      channels and, 601
      character stream classes, 386
      CipherInputStream class, 925
      CipherOutputStream class, 926
      class resources, 458
      close( ) method and Closeable interface, 386
      corrupted, 433
      encrypting/decrypting, 292
      FileOutputStream class, 401
      filtering, 404
      implementing Appendable interface, 386
      in, out, and err, 399, 500
      InputStream class, 407
      javax.xml.transform.stream package, 995
      LineNumberInputStream class (deprecated), 410
      output, flush( ) and Flushable interface, 386
      OutputStream class, 420
      PipedInputStream class, 422
      PipedOutputStream class, 422
      reading primitive data types in binary format, 393
      SequenceInputStream class, 431
      WriteAbortedException, 437
      writing Java primitive types in portable binary format, 395
      writing serialized objects to, 287
      XML documents, 1020-1022
      (see also byte streams; character streams; input/output)
StreamTokenizer class, 433
strictfp methods, 67
strictfp modifier, 100, 157
StrictMath class, 440, 490
string concatenation operator (+), 33
string literals, 73
strings, 205-217
      arrays of, 10
      basic operations on, 205
      CharSequence and CharBuffer interfaces, 207
      comparing, 208
      concatenating, 29, 33, 208, 496
      converting characters to, 448
      converting numbers to/from, 219
      converting other data types to, 34
      converting Short values to and from, 488
      converting to a double, 463
      converting to and from bytes, 447
      converting to and from integers, 25, 472
      converting to long or Long, 474
      DOMStringList, 1042
      equality comparisons, 493
      escape sequences in string literals, 24
      formatting, 741
      instanceof operator, using with, 40
strings (continued )
      manipulation methods, implemented in machine code, 6
      pattern matching with regular expressions, 212-215
      streaming data, reading from/writing to, 257
      String class, 73, 205, 491-495
            compareTo( ) and equals( ), 209
            format( ), 69, 211, 223, 491
            intern( ), 209
            matches( ), 213
            split( ), 214
            Unicode supplementary characters, 493
      StringBuffer class, 206, 495-497
            methods for CharSequence objects, 496
      StringBufferInputStream class, 434
      StringBuilder class, 498
      StringCharacterIterator class, 749
      StringIndexOutOfBoundsException, 499
      StringReader class, 435
      StringWriter class, 257, 435
      tokenizing
            Scanner class, 215
            StreamTokenizer, 433
            StringTokenizer, 216, 817
      Unicode, converting to/from bytes, 204
StringTokenizer class, 216
strongly typed languages, 11
structs (C language), 96
stub files for C language Java native method implementation, 349
subclasses, 99
      of abstract classes
            partial implementation, 138
            implementing abstract methods, 129
      concrete, 129
      constructors, 116
      inheritance and, 114-123
            access control, 126
            constructor chaining and the default constructor, 117
            hiding superclass fields, 119
            overriding superclass methods, 120-123
subclasses, inheritance and (continued )
            superclasses and Object class, 116
      Thread class, 238
subinterfaces, 136
Subject class, 974, 991
SubjectDomainCombiner class, 975
subList( ) (List), 229, 797
subMap( ) (SortedMap), 234, 815
submit( ) (ExecutorService), 244
subroutines (see methods)
subSequence( ), 492
      CharSequence interface, 455
      StringBuffer class, 496
subSet( ) (SortedSet), 816
Subset class, 451
substring( ), 492
      StringBuffer class, 496
subtract( ) (BigDecimal), 543
subtraction operator (-), 14, 33
Sun Microsystems
      HotSpot VM, 332
      java, javax and sun, package names beginning with, 90
      Java packages controlled by, 90
      JDK download site, 7
SunJCE cryptographic provider, 922
      Diffie-Hellman key-agreement algorithm, 930
      key-generation implementations, 932
      message authentication algorithms, 933
      SecretKeyFactory implementations, supporting, 936
SunJSSE provider, 952
SunX509 algorithm, 952
super( ), 116, 117
      vs. super keyword, 123
super keyword, 116, 119
      overridden methods, invoking, 122
superclasses, 87, 99
      containing class members, accessing, 145
      fields, hiding in subclasses, 119
      inheritance by subclasses of method implementations, 157
      methods, overriding, 120-123
      Object, class hierarchy and, 116
superinterfaces, 136
supplementary characters (Unicode), 19, 23, 209
      Character class methods for, 448
      String methods for, 493
@SuppressWarnings annotation, 164, 195, 440, 499
surrogate pairs (Unicode characters), 19, 23, 209, 448
suspend( ) (Thread), 502
swap( ) (Collections), 768
switch statements, 46-48
      assertions in, 62
      case labels, 47
      data types in, 46
      enumerated types and, 181
      restrictions on, 48
symmetric keys, 290, 936
      generating, 932
SyncFailedException, 436
synchronized methods, 245
      AtomicInteger vs., 252
      collections, 768
synchronized modifier, 56, 67, 157
synchronized statements, 55
      verifying lock with assert statement, 63
synchronizedList( ) (Collections), 758, 795
synchronizedSet( ) (Collections), 787, 822
synchronizer utilities, 249
      AbstractQueuedSynchronizer, 863
      CountDownLatch, 836
      CyclicBarrier, 837
synchronizing threads, 245
      deadlock, avoiding, 247
      IllegalMonitorStateException, 469
      Object class methods, using, 479
SynchronousQueue class, 251, 850
system administrators, security for, 305
System class, 224, 440, 499-501
      arraycopy( ), 79, 224
      currentTimeMillis( ), 221
      exit( ), 59
      getenv( ), portability and, 310
      identityHashCode( ), 464
      nanoTime( ), 221, 500
system classes
      javap tool, specifying search path for, 350
      path to search for (javah), 348
      portable Java code and, 311
system preferences (see preferences)
system programmers, security for, 304
system properties
      access by applets, restrictions on, 302
      java.security.manager, 306
      Properties class, using for, 293
      read/write access control, 807
system security policy, replacing with user-defined, 306
System.err, 424
systemNodeForPackage( ) (Preferences), 294
System.out, 424
System.out.println( ), 106, 255

T[ Top ]
tabs, 13
      \t escape sequence in char literals, 23
taglet classes, classpath for, 347
tags
      doc comment
            custom, 347
            inline, within HTML text, 316
            listing of, 314-318
      HTML, in doc comments, 313
tailMap( ) (SortedMap), 234, 815
tailSet( ) (SortedSet), 816
take( ), 251
      BlockingQueue interface, 235
tanh( ) (Math), 476
@Target annotation, 201, 515
target (of an annotation), 193, 197
targets for permissions, 306, 369
      NetPermission, 566
      SSLPermission, 960
tasks
      running and scheduling, 241-245
      scheduling, 751
Templates interface, 1010, 1013
TemplatesHandler interface (SAX), 1019
temporary files
      creating, 398
      deleting, 113
TERMINATED thread, 239, 504
terminating lines with platform-specific separators, 311
ternary operator (?:), 29, 31, 39
testing
      assertions as tool for, 60
      loop variables, 49
      method argument values with assert statement, 63
text, 205-217
      appendability of text buffers and output streams, 207
      breaks in, 729
      Character class, 206
      CharSequence interface, 207
      encoding/decoding with charsets (see charsets)
      formatting with printf( ) and format( ), 210
      internationalized, 204, 724-749
      logging API, 211
      outputting to file, 255
      pattern matching with regular expressions, 212-215
      reading from a file with FileReader, 403
      reading lines from a file, 254, 386
      reading with FileInputStream, 400
      representations of primitive data types, 424
      String class, 205
      string comparison, 208
      string concatenation, 208
      StringBuffer class, 206
      supplementary characters, 209
      tokenizing, 215
            StringTokenizer, 216
      writing to a file, 255, 403
      writing with FileOutputStream, 401
text editors, 8
Text interface (DOM), 279, 1049
TextInputCallback class, 981
TextOutputCallback class, 981
this( ), 117
      calling one constructor from another, 108
      field initialization code and, 109
this (keyword), 104
      accessing hidden field through
            vs. invoking overridden method with super, 123
      explicit reference to containing instance of this object, 145
      invoking one constructor from another, 108
      local classes, 149
Thread class, 238, 440, 502-504
      holdsLock( ), 63
      interrupt( ), 241
      interrupted( ), 250
      new features in Java 5.0, 502
      sleep( ), 241
      stop( ) (deprecated method), 241
      UncaughtExceptionHandler, 502, 505
thread groups in debugging, 356
thread safety, collections, 236
ThreadFactory interface, 851
ThreadInfo class, 524
ThreadMXBean interface, 525
ThreadPoolExecutor class, 243, 851-853
      AbortPolicy, 853
      CallerRunsPolicy, 853
      DiscardOldestPolicy, 854
      DiscardPolicy, 854
threads, 238-252
      atomic variables, 252
      blocking queues, 251
      coordinating, 247-250
            synchronizer utilities, 249
            wait( ) and notify( ), 248
            waiting for another to finish, 249
            waiting on a Condition, 248
      creating, running, and manipulating, 238
            handling uncaught exceptions, 240
            lifecycle, 239
            priority levels, 240
      deadlocked, 247
      exclusion and locking, 245-247
            deadlock, 247
            locks package, 246
      IllegalThreadStateException, 470
      inheritance, 470
      InterruptedException, 473
      interrupting, 250
      monitoring usage in the JVM, 525
      piped communication between, 257, 385, 422, 614
      running and scheduling tasks, 241-245
            Executor interface, 242
            ExecutorService interface, 243
            ScheduledExecutorService, 244
      safety, 768
      selecting system threading type, 333, 335
      sleeping, 241
      stack size, setting for interpreter, 336
      stack traces, displaying with jdb, 357
      suspending execution with jdb, 356
      synchronized methods, 67
      synchronizing, 55
            CountDownLatch, 836
            CyclicBarrier, 837
            IllegalMonitorStateException, 469
            Object class methods, 479
            verifying lock with assert, 63
      terminating, 241
      Thread class (see Thread class)
      ThreadDeath error, 505
      ThreadGroup class, 505
      ThreadInfo class, 524
      ThreadLocal class, 507
Thread.State class, 239, 504
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler class, 505
throw statements, 56
      declaring exceptions, 68
      exception types, 57
      switch statements, stopping, 47
Throwable interface, 57, 440, 507
      getCause( ), 437
      getStackTrace( ), 489
throwing exceptions, 16
throws clause, 66
@throws javadoc tag, 315
ticket (Kerberos), 984
time (see dates and times)
TIMED_WAITING thread, 239, 504
TimeoutException, 854
timeouts
      setting for ServerSocket, 570
      SSL sessions, 964
      URLConnection, 583
Timer class, 242, 817
TimerTask class, 242, 818
Timestamp class, 680
time-to-live value, packets sent through multicast sockets, 565
TimeUnit class, 221, 241, 854
TimeZone class, 819
      SimpleTimeZone class, 814
toArray( ) (Collection), 237, 766
toBinaryString( )
      Integer class, 472
      Long class, 474
toByteArray( ), 391
toCharArray( ), 493
      CharArrayWriter class, 392
toChars( ) (Character), 448
toCodePoint( ) (Character), 448
toHexString( )
      Integer class, 472
      Long class, 474
tokenizing text, 215
      Scanner class, 751
      specified input stream, 433
      StringTokenizer, using, 216
tokens, 18
      literals and variables, 28
      punctuation characters used as, 21
toLowerCase( ), 492
      Character class, 448
toOctalString( )
      Integer class, 472
      Long class, 474
tools, 326-371
      apt (annotation processing) tool, 326
      extcheck, 327
      jar, 329-331
      jarsigner, 328
      java, 332-338
      javac, 338-342
      javadoc, 342-348
      javah, 348
      javap (class disassembler), 349-351
      jconsole, 352
      jdb debugger, 353-357
      jinfo, 357
      jmap, 358
      jps, 358
      jsadebugd, 359
      jstack, 360
      jstat, 360-362
      jstatd daemon, 362
      keytool, 362-366
      native2ascii tool, 366
      pack200, 366
      policytool, 369
      serialver, 370
      unpack200, 371
TooManyListenersException, 321, 820
toPattern( ) (ChoiceFormat), 731
toString( ), 34
      Annotation interface, 512
      Arrays class, 79
      Byte class, 447
      ByteArrayOutputStream class, 391
      ByteBuffer class, 591
      ByteOrder class, 592
      Character class, 448
      CharArrayWriter class, 392
      CharSequence interface, 455
      Collection interface, 226
      Date class, 222, 223
      Enum class, 464
      enumerated types, 180
      Integer class, 472
      Long class, 474
      Map interface, 232
      MessageFormat class, 742
      Object class, 132, 480
      Short class, 488
      StringBuffer class, 496
      StringWriter class, 435
      Subset class, 451
totalMemory( ), 484
toUpperCase( )
      Character class, 23, 448
      String class, 492
toURI( ) (File), 397
toURL( ) (URI), 579
traceInstructions( ), 484
traceMethodCalls( ), 484
traffic class for a socket, 573
transferFrom( ) (FileChannel), 269, 607
transferTo( ) (FileChannel), 269, 607
transform( )
      ClassFileTransformer, 516
      Transformer class, 1011
transformations (see XML)
Transformer class, 280, 1011
TransformerConfiguration-Exception, 1012
TransformerException, 1012
TransformerFactory class, 280, 1013
TransformerFactoryConfiguration-Error, 1014
TransformerHandler interface (SAX), 1020
transient fields, object serialization and, 316
transient modifier, 157
      fields, 101
tree representation of XML documents, 276, 278
TreeMap class, 233, 820
trees (red-black tree structure), 228
TreeSet class, 228, 821
trigonometric functions, 217, 476
trim( ) (String), 493
trimToSize( ) (ArrayList), 758
triple-DES key, 940
truncate( ) (FileChannel), 608
trust anchor, 688, 699
      PKIXParameters, 700
trust, fine-grained levels in Java 1.2, 303
trust manager, X509 certificates, 969
TrustAnchor class, 702
TrustedCertificateEntry (KeyStore), 662
TrustManager interface, 967
TrustManagerFactory class, 967
TrustManagerFactorySpi, 968
truth values (see boolean type)
try clause, 59
try/catch/finally statements, 58-60
tryLock( ) (FileChannel), 608
TSA (Timestamping Authority), 680
tutorial, Java programming, 15
twos-complement format, representing negative numbers, 37
type conversions
      ( ) (cast) operator, 29, 41
      array type widening conversions, 75
      boxing and unboxing, xvii, 69, 88, 159
      buffers of bytes to buffers of characters, 263
      byte to character, 393, 403, 407
      character to byte, 393
            OutputStreamWriter, 421
            PrintWriter class, 426
      collections to/from arrays, 237
      converting types to strings, 34
      Formatter class, 779-782
      inheritance and, 115
      int to string or Integer, 472
      numbers to/from strings, 219
      objects to byte streams, 286
      primitive types, 26
            listing of, 27
      reference types, 86-89
      Short values to and from other types, 488
      strings to and from longs, 474
      strings to char values, 493
      Unicode strings to/from bytes, 204
type inference, 174
Type interface, 529, 541
type literals, 74
type parameters
      access to, 535
      annotation types and, 200
      generic method, specification of, 173
      generics, using without, 163
      wildcards, using, 166-169
type safety
      enumerated types, 179
      runtime, 165
      typesafe enum pattern, 190
type variables, 160
typedef keyword (C language), 97
TypeInfo interface (DOM), 1050
TypeInfoProvider class, 1024
types (see data types)
typesafe collections (see generic types)
TypeVariable interface, 541

U[ Top ]
unary operators, 29
      ~ (bitwise complement), 37
      ! (boolean NOT) operator, 36
      - (negation) operator, 33
      operand number and type, 31
      right-to-left associativity, 30
unbounded wildcards, 542
unboxing conversions (see boxing and unboxing conversions)
uncaught exceptions in threads, 240, 505, 506
UncaughtExceptionHandler, 505
unchecked exceptions, 68
unchecked warnings, raw types and, 163
UndeclaredThrowableException, 536, 542
unicast events, 321
      registering listener for, 325
Unicode, 6, 18
      byte-to-character conversions, 403, 407
      char data type, 22
      characters in Java names, 309
      CharBuffer class, 593
      converting strings to/from bytes, 204
      currency symbols in identifiers, 20
      escape sequences, 19
      escaping in char literals, 23
      IllegalFormatCodePointException, 790
      native2ascii tool and, 366
      subsets of, 451
            UnicodeBlock class, 452-454
      supplementary characters, 209
            Character class methods for, 448
            String methods for, 493
      UTF-8 encoding, 19, 267, 394
            converting Latin-1 to, 270
            malformed strings, 436
            writing with DataOutputStream, 396
      UTFDataFormatException, 436
      Version 3.0 Bidirectional Algorithm, 728
      versions, 23
union type (C language), 96
Universal Time (UTC), 221
Universal Unique Identifier (UUID), 823
Unix
      classpath, specifying, 338
      emacs text editor, 8
      file and path separators, 326
      Java interpreter, 2
      pipes, 614
      root directory, 397
      threads for Java interpreter and Classic VM, 333
UnknownError, 509
UnknownFormatConversionException, 822
UnknownFormatFlagsException, 823
UnknownHostException, 578
UnknownServiceException, 578
UnmappableCharsetException, 636
unmodifiable methods (Collection), 768
UnmodifiableClassException, 517
unnamed packages, 90
unordered collection with duplicate elements (bag), 754
unpack200 tool, 371
Unpacker interface (Pack200), 876
unread( )
      PushbackInputStream class, 427
      PushbackReader class, 428
UnrecoverableEntryException, 681
UnrecoverableKeyException, 681
UnresolvedAddressException, 624
UnresolvedAddressTypeException, 624
UnresolvedPermission class, 681
UnsatisfiedLinkError, 509
unsigned right shift operator (>>>), 29, 38
unsigned values, reading and returning as int values, 394
UnsupportedCallbackException, 982
UnsupportedCharsetException, 636
UnsupportedClassVersionError, 509
UnsupportedEncodingException, 436
UnsupportedOperationException, 510, 766, 768, 793
until loops, 14
untrusted code, 299-304
      access control, 299
            fine-grained levels in Java 1.2, 303
            sandbox (Java 1.0), 301
      application programming, use in, 305
      byte-code verification of class files, 300
unwrap( ) (SSLEngine), 955, 958
update( )
      Checksum interface, 911
      Cipher class, 924
      MessageDigest class, 648, 664
      Observable class, 804
      Observer interface, 805
      Signature class, 677
upper-bounded wildcards, 178
URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers)
      URI class, 578
      URIResolver interface, 1015
      URISyntaxException, 580
      XML namespaces, 995
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)
      https:, 948
      HttpsURLConnection, 951
      HttpURLConnection class, 559
      JarURLConnection, 564
      javadoc-generated documents, 345
      keystore file, 329
      MalformedURLException, 564
      URL class, 258, 549, 580
            caching retrieved network resources, 569
      URLClassLoader class, 285, 582
            permissions to loaded code, 305
      URLConnection class, 583-585, 948
            caching retrieved network resources, 569
      URLDecoder class, 585
      URLEncoder class, 585
      URLStreamHandler class, 569
US-ASCII charset, 267
useProtocolVersion( ), 418
user preferences (see preferences)
UserDataHandler interface (DOM), 1050
username and password, encapsulating, 567
userNodeForPackage( ) (Preferences), 294
users, security for, 305
UTC (Universal Time), 221
UTF-8 (see Unicode)
UTFDataFormatException, 436
utility classes, 750-920
      packages, 204
UUID class, 823

V[ Top ]
validate( )
      CertPathValidator class, 691, 693, 699
      Validator class, 282, 1024
validateObject( ), 409
      ObjectInputValidation class, 414
validation, XML documents, xviii, 281, 995, 1022-1026
      javax.xml.validation package, 277
      Schema class, 1022
      SchemaFactory class, 1022
      SchemaFactoryLoader class, 1023
      TypeInfoProvider class, 1024
      Validator class, 1024
      ValidatorHandler class, 1025
validOps( )
      DatagramChannel class, 606
      Pipe.SourceChannel class, 616
      SelectableChannel class, 615
value( ) (Target), 515
{@value} javadoc tag, 318
      cross references, 318
{@value reference} javadoc tag, 318
valueBound( ), 964
valueOf( )
      Byte class, 447
      Double class, 463
      Enum class, 464
      enumerated types, 180, 191
      Integer class, 472
      Long class, 474
      QName class, 1001
      Short class, 488
values
      annotation, 197
      enumerated, 179
values( ), 191
      Map interface, 233, 801
value-specific class bodies (enumerated types), 186-189
valueUnbound( ), 964
varargs (see variable-length argument lists)
variable-length argument lists, xvii, 69, 159
      Constructor class support for, 533
      differences in Java and C, 97
      Method class, 538
      Object... parameter, 70
variables, 11, 28
      accessible to local classes, 149
      assigning values to, 11
      declaring
            C compatibility syntax, 76
            Java vs. C language, 96
            placement of, 14
      fields vs., 102
      final modifier, 156
      IllegalAccessError, 468
      incrementing as side effect of ++ operator, 32
      initializing, field declarationsversus, 109
      local, 43
            naming and capitalization, 309
      local scope, local classes and, 150
      loop
            for/in loops, 51
            initializing, testing, and updating, 49
      scope of, 12, 44
      storing objects in, 72
      thread-local, 507
      type, 160
      variable type for operands, 31
      XPath, 1031
vars keyword, 339
Vector class, 225, 231, 824
verify( )
      Certificate class, 683
      HostnameVerifier class, 951
      Signature class, 677
      SignedObject class, 679
      X509Certificate class, 702
      X509CRL class, 705
VerifyError class, 510
verifying byte code for untrusted classes, 300
verifying digital signatures, 290
      jarsigner tool, 328
@version javadoc tag, 314
versions
      class or classes, displaying for, 370
      Java, 3
            1.2, security advances in, 5
            cross-compilation, 341
            (see also Java 5.0)
      Java interpreter, 332, 334
      package specification and implementation, 481
      specifying in @since javadoc tag, 315
VetoableChangeListener class, 321, 323
VetoableChangeSupport class, 324
virtual functions (C++), 122
Virtual Machine, Java (see JVM)
virtual method invocation, 122
VirtualMachineError, 510
visibility
      class members, 126
      local classes, 148
      members, working with, 530
visibility modifiers
      nonstatic member classes, 144
      rules for using, 126
      (see also private modifier; protected modifier; public modifier)
Void class, 511
void keyword, 10, 55, 65
volatile fields, 101, 252
volatile modifier, 157

W[ Top ]
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
      DOM API (see DOM)
      DOM (Document Object Model), 276
W3C XML Schema, 281, 1022, 1050
wait( ), 239, 250
      Object class, 248, 469, 479, 502
waitFor( ), 482
WAITING thread, 239, 504
wakeup( ) (Selector), 620
waking threads, 250
warning( ) (Logger), 212
warnings
      options for javac compiler, 340
      turning off with @SuppressWarnings, 195, 499
      unchecked, raw types and, 163
weak references, package for, 204
WeakHashMap class, 233, 529, 826
WeakReference class, 528
while loops, 14, 48
      continue statement, starting new iteration, 55
      continue statement used in, 60
whitespace, 19
      for readability in programs, 13
whitespaceChars( ), 433
widening conversions, 26
      among reference types, 130
      array type, 75
      reference types, 86
width (format specifier), 783
      illegal, 792
wildcards
      bounded
            in generic methods, 172
            in parameterized types, 168
      file permissions, 402
      in generic types, 171, 178
      NetPermission targets, 566
      on-demand type imports, 91
      type parameter, 166-169
WildcardType interface, 542
Windows platforms, 2
      classpath, setting, 338
      file and path separators, 326
      file permission wildcards, 402
      Java interpreter, 2, 332
      JDK, downloading from Sun Microsystems, 7
      Notepad and WordPad text editors, 8
      root directories, 397
wordChars( ) (StreamTokenizer), 433
WordPad, 8
World Wide Web Consortium (see W3C)
wrap( )
      ByteBuffer class, 589
      CharBuffer class, 593
      DoubleBuffer class, 595
      FloatBuffer class, 596
      IntBuffer class, 597
      ShortBuffer class, 600
      SSLEngine class, 955, 958
wrapper methods (collection), 236
WritableByteChannel interface, 266, 268, 615, 624
write( ), 874
      CharArrayWriter class, 392
      DataOutputStream class, 396
      DigestOutputStream class, 649
      FileChannel class, 268, 607
      FileOutputStream class, 401
      FilterWriter class, 406
      GatheringByteChannel, 615
      GatheringByteChannel class, 611
      Manifest class, 874
      OutputStream class, 386, 420
      PrintWriter class, 426
      PutField class, 417
      SelectableChannel interface, 617
      SocketChannel class, 622
      StringWriter class, 435
      WritableByteChannel, 606, 615, 624
      Writer class, 437
"Write once, run anywhere", 4, 310
write permission, 402
WriteAbortedException, 437
writeExternal( ) (Externalizable), 316, 397
WriteLock class, 869
writeObject( ), 316, 415
      ObjectOutputStream class, 417, 432
Writer class, 254, 386, 437
      charset encoder/decoder, 630
writeReplace( ) (Certificate), 684
writeTo( ) (CharArrayWriter), 392
writeUTF( ), 396
writing byte and character streams (see input/output)

X[ Top ]
X.500 certificates, distinguished name, 364
X.500 principals, 970, 992
X500Principal class, 992
X500PrivateCredential class, 993
X509Certificate class, 682, 702
X509CRL class, 682, 705
X509CRLEntry class, 706
X509CRLSelector class, 706
X509EncodedKeySpec interface, 723
X509ExtendedKeyManager class, 968
X509Extension interface, 707
X509KeyManager class, 968
X509KeyManager interface, 968
X509TrustManager interface, 969
XInclude markup, 1006
XML, 276-283, 994-1031
      data types, 995-1000
            DatatypeConfigurationException, 996
            DatatypeConstants, 996
            DatatypeConstants.Field, 997
            DatatypeFactory, 997
            Duration class, 998
            XMLGregorianCalendar, 999
      DTD (Document Type Definition), 1037
      invalid properties exception, 792
      namespaces, 1000
            NamespaceContext, 1000
            QName class, 1001
      packages, 204, 994
            new, in Java 5.0, xviii
      parsers, 1001-1007
      parsing with DOM, 278
      parsing with SAX, 277
      preference names and values as XML file, 295
      transformations, 204, 277, 280, 1007-1015
            DOM, 1015-1016
            SAX, 1017-1020
            streams, 1020-1022
      validation, 281, 1022-1026
      XMLConstants class, 995
      XPath expressions, xviii, 283, 1026-1031
      (see also DOM; SAX)
XMLDecoder class, 287
XMLEncoder class, 287
XMLFilter interface (SAX), 1062
XMLFilterImpl class (SAX), 1074
XMLFormatter class, 891
XMLReader interface (SAX), 277, 1062-1064
XMLReaderAdapter class (SAX), 1075
XMLReaderFactory class (SAX), 1076
XOR operator
      ^ (bitwise XOR), 29, 38
      ^= (bitwise XOR assignment), 29, 39
      ^ (boolean XOR), 29, 37
XPath, xviii, 283, 1026-1031
      javax.xml.xpath package, 995
      Xpath class, 1026
      XPathConstants class, 1027
      XPathException, 1027
      XPathExpression class, 1028
      XPathExpressionException, 1028
      XPathFactory class, 1029
      XPathFactoryConfiguration-Exception, 1029
      XPathFunction interface, 1030
      XPathFunctionException, 1030
      XPathFunctionResolver, 1030
      XPathVariableResolver, 1031
<xsl:output> tag, 1008, 1011
<xsl:param> tags, 1011
XSLT
      java.xml.transform package, 280
      stylesheets, 1013
            applying to XML document, 281
            obtaining for XML documents, 1013
            Templates, 1010
      transformation engine, 204
      transforming XML documents, 277

Y[ Top ]
yield( ) (Thread), 502

Z[ Top ]
zero (0)
      division by, 33
      negative and positive zero, 26
      represented by float and double types, 26
zero extension technique, 38
ZIP files, 204, 255, 751, 909-920
      JAR files vs., 869
      reading, 256