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Preface 

Part I. The Basics

1. What Is C++?

      A Brief History of C++ 

      C++ Organization 

      How to Learn C++ 

2. The Basics of Program Writing

      Programs from Conception to Execution 

      Creating a Real Program 

      Getting Help in Unix 

      Getting Help in an IDE 

      Programming Exercises 

3. Style

      Comments 

      C++ Code 

      Naming Style 

      Coding Religion 

      Indentation and Code Format 

      Clarity 

      Simplicity 

      Consistency and Organization 

      Further Reading 

      Summary 

4. Basic Declarations and Expressions

      Basic Program Structure 

      Simple Expressions 

      The std::cout Output Object 

      Variables and Storage 

      Variable Declarations 

      Integers 

      Assignment Statements 

      Floating-Point Numbers 

      Floating-Point Divide Versus Integer Divide 

      Characters 

      Wide Characters 

      Boolean Type 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

5. Arrays, Qualifiers, and Reading Numbers

      Arrays 

      Strings 

      Reading Data 

      Initializing Variables 

      Multidimensional Arrays 

      C-Style Strings 

      Types of Integers 

      Types of Floats 

      Constant and Reference Declarations 

      Qualifiers 

      Hexadecimal and Octal Constants 

      Operators for Performing Shortcuts 

      Side Effects 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

6. Decision and Control Statements

      if Statement 

      else Statement 

      How Not to Use std::strcmp 

      Looping Statements 

      while Statement 

      break Statement 

      continue Statement 

      The Assignment Anywhere Side Effect 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

7. The Programming Process

      Setting Up Your Work Area 

      The Specification 

      Code Design 

      The Prototype 

      The Makefile 

      Testing 

      Debugging 

      Maintenance 

      Revisions 

      Electronic Archaeology 

      Mark Up the Program 

      Use the Debugger 

      Use the Text Editor as a Browser 

      Add Comments 

      Programming Exercises 

Part II. Simple Programming

8. More Control Statements

      for Statement 

      switch Statement 

      switch, break, and continue 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

9. Variable Scope and Functions

      Scope and Storage Class 

      Namespaces 

      Functions 

      Summary of Parameter Types 

      Recursion 

      Structured Programming Basics 

      Real-World Programming 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

10. The C++ Preprocessor

      #define Statement 

      Conditional Compilation 

      #include Files 

      Parameterized Macros 

      Advanced Features 

      Summary 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

11. Bit Operations

      Bit Operators 

      The AND Operator (&) 

      Bitwise OR (|) 

      The Bitwise Exclusive OR (^) 

      The Ones Complement Operator (NOT) (~) 

      The Left and Right Shift Operators (<<, >>) 

      Setting, Clearing, and Testing Bits 

      Bitmapped Graphics 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

Part III. Advanced Types and Classes

12. Advanced Types

      Structures 

      Unions 

      typedef 

      enum Type 

      Bit Members or Packed Structures 

      Arrays of Structures 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

13. Simple Classes

      Stacks 

      Improved Stack 

      Using a Class 

      Introduction to Constructors and Destructors 

      Automatically Generated Member Functions 

      Shortcuts 

      Style 

      Structures Versus Classes 

      Programming Exercises 

14. More on Classes

      Friends 

      Constant Functions 

      Constant Members 

      Static Member Variables 

      Static Member Functions 

      The Meaning of static 

      Programming Exercises 

15. Simple Pointers

      const Pointers 

      Pointers and Printing 

      Pointers and Arrays 

      The reinterpret_cast 

      Pointers and Structures 

      Command-Line Arguments 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

Part IV. Advanced Programming Concepts

16. File Input/Output

      C++ File I/O 

      Conversion Routines 

      Binary and ASCII Files 

      The End-of-Line Puzzle 

      Binary I/O 

      Buffering Problems 

      Unbuffered I/O 

      Designing File Formats 

      C-Style I/O Routines 

      C-Style Conversion Routines 

      C-Style Binary I/O 

      C- Versus C++- Style I/O 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

17. Debugging and Optimization

      Code Reviews 

      Serial Debugging 

      Going Through the Output 

      Interactive Debuggers 

      Debugging a Binary Search 

      Interactive Debugging Tips and Tricks 

      Runtime Errors 

      Optimization 

      How to Optimize 

      Case Study: Inline Functions Versus Normal Functions 

      Case Study: Optimizing a Color-Rendering Algorithm 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

18. Operator Overloading

      Creating a Simple Fixed-Point Class 

      Operator Functions 

      Operator Member Functions 

      Warts 

      Full Definition of the Fixed-Point Class 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

19. Floating Point

      Floating-Point Format 

      Floating Addition/Subtraction 

      Multiplication and Division 

      Overflow and Underflow 

      Roundoff Error 

      Accuracy 

      Minimizing Roundoff Error 

      Determining Accuracy 

      Precision and Speed 

      Power Series 

      Programming Exercises 

20. Advanced Pointers

      Pointers, Structures, and Classes 

      delete Operator 

      Linked Lists 

      Ordered Linked Lists 

      Doubly Linked Lists 

      Trees 

      Printing a Tree 

      The Rest of the Program 

      Data Structures for a Chess Program 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

21. Advanced Classes

      Derived Classes 

      Virtual Functions 

      Virtual Classes 

      Function Hiding in Derived Classes 

      Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes 

      The dynamic_cast Operator 

      Summary 

      Programming Exercises 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

Part V. Other Language Features

22. Exceptions

      Adding Exceptions to the Stack Class 

      Exceptions Versus assert 

      Programming Exercises 

23. Modular Programming

      Modules 

      Public and Private 

      The extern Storage Class 

      Headers 

      The Body of the Module 

      A Program to Use Infinite Arrays 

      The Makefile for Multiple Files 

      Using the Infinite Array 

      Dividing a Task into Modules 

      Module Design Guidelines 

      Programming Exercises 

24. Templates

      What Is a Template? 

      Templates: The Hard Way 

      Templates: The C++ Way 

      Function Specialization 

      Class Templates 

      Class Specialization 

      Implementation Details 

      Advanced Features 

      Summary 

      Programming Exercises 

25. Standard Template Library

      STL Basics 

      Class List-A Set of Students 

      Creating a Waiting List with the STL List 

      Storing Grades in a STL Map 

      Putting It All Together 

      Practical Considerations When Using the STL 

      Getting More Information 

      Exercises 

26. Program Design

      Design Goals 

      Design Factors 

      Design Principles 

      Coding 

      Objects 

      Real-World Design Techniques 

      Conclusion 

27. Putting It All Together

      Requirements 

      Code Design 

      Coding 

      Functional Description 

      Testing 

      Revisions 

      A Final Warning 

      Program Files 

      Programming Exercises 

28. From C to C++

      K&R-Style Functions 

      struct 

      malloc and free 

      Turning Structures into Classes 

      setjmp and longjmp 

      Mixing C and C++ Code 

      Summary 

      Programming Exercise 

29. C++'s Dustier Corners

      do/while 

      goto 

      The ?: Construct 

      The Comma Operator 

      Overloading the (  ) Operator 

      Pointers to Members 

      The asm Statement 

      The mutable Qualifier 

      Run Time Type Identification 

      Trigraphs 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

30. Programming Adages

      General 

      Design 

      Declarations 

      switch Statement 

      Preprocessor 

      Style 

      Compiling 

      The Ten Commandments for C++ Programmers 

      Final Note 

      Answers to Chapter Questions 

Part VI. Appendixes

A. ASCII Table

B. Ranges

C. Operator Precedence Rules

D. Computing Sine Using a Power Series

E. Resources

Index