O’Reilly Verlag

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Symbols[ Top ]
& (ampersand), concatenation operator, 267
* (asterisk), multiplication operator, 258
\ (backslash)
      in literal strings, 225
      variable names, 107
^ (caret), exponentiation operator, 259
: (colon)
      handler definition and call, 145
      in handler definition and call, 145
      in Macintosh pathnames, 232
      POSIX path, don't use in, 234
      record, name-value separator, 240
, (comma)
      in global declaration, 163
      in local declaration, 161
      separating list items, 236
      separating parameters, 143, 145
      separating record items, 240
      thousands separator illegal, 222
¬ (continuation character), 55, 85
      entering, 85
      how used in this book, 85
      moved or removed by decompilation, 85
      must be last thing in line, 85
{ } (curly braces)
      delimiting lists, 236
      delimiting records, 240
= (equals sign), equality operator, 260, 261
      assignment, not, 102, 261
(not equals sign), inequality operator, 261
!= (not equal to), doesn't exist, 261
> (greater than), 261
(greater than or equal to), 262
>= (abbreviation for ), 262
« » (guillemets)
      constructing data class object, 221
      entering, 229, 325
      raw four-letter code, entering, 325
- (minus sign), subtraction and unary negation operator, 258
- - (comment delimiter), 88
      inside comment delimiters, 89
- - - - (direct object), 40, 340
      optional or required, 340
< (less than), 261
<> (not equal to), doesn't exist, 261
£ (less than or equal to), 262
<= (abbreviation for £), 262
( ) (parentheses)
      handler definition and call, 143
      interpretation of commands, 267
      order of operations, 267
(* and *) (comment delimiters), 89
      commenting out, 89
      nesting, 89
+ (plus sign), addition operator, 258
      concatenation, not overloaded for, 258
' (single quote)
      delimiting four-letter code, 40
      string comparisons and, 299
" (quotation marks)
      in comment delimiters, 89
      delimiting literal strings, 225
      in literal strings, 225
      quote global property, 272
      string comparisons and, 299
/ (slash), division (real) operator, 258
| (vertical bars)
      appear spontaneously, 320
      in comment delimiters, 89
      legalize illegal variable names, 107
      prevent terminology clash, 108, 194, 320
      record item name (user property), 242
      retarget handler call, 194
      in variable names, 107

A[ Top ]
a reference to operator, 211
abbreviations, 90
      <= (for £), 262
      >= (for ), 262
      app (for application), 220
      does not equal, doesn't equal (for is not equal), 261
      end (for block termination line), 92, 281
      equal, equals, equal to (for is equal to), 261
      expanded during decompilation, 54, 90
      greater than (for is greater than), 261
      how used in this book, 90
      into (for to), 102
      is not equal, isn't equal (for is not equal to), 261
      isn't (for is not), 261
      less than (for is less than), 261
      prop (for property), 111
      put (for copy), 102
      ref (for a reference to), 211
      then, omission of, 282
above (preposition), 143
abstract class, 336
accent marks, string comparisons and, 299
Accessibility API, 402
accessible on demand, 113
acgi dispatcher, 424, 517
action, Automator, 32
      run handler, 457
      virtues of, 452
      writing, 452-458
actions and action messages (Cocoa), 439
actions of user, responding to automatically (see automatic location)
activate command, 279
adding folder items to event, 422
addition, 258
Address Book, 395
Adobe FrameMaker, 483-505, 519
AEDebug, 40
AEPrint, 39
aete, 62
      static or dynamic, 62
      viewing with EightyRez, 327, 517
      (see also dictionary)
aeut, 343
      terminology clashes with, 348
      viewing, 343
after keyword, 200
against (preposition), 143
Aker, Philip, 45
alias, 232
      coercion
            file, 251
            pathname, 251, 252
            string, 251
      Macintosh pathname, obtaining, 251
      nonexistent, 232
            coercion can create, 247
      POSIX path property, 235
      remote application, don't ask for, 390
      specifier, 206, 232
alias list class (Finder), 356
all caps (constant), 276
all lowercase (constant), 276
Alldritt, Mark, xxi, xxii
ampersand (&), concatenation operator, 267
and (joining boolean labeled parameters), 144, 146
and operator, 259
announcement line, block, 91
any, 331
anything, 331
Apache, traditional Mac CGI with, 423
apart from (preposition), 143
API (application programming interface)
      Accessibility, 402
      AppleScript as, 9, 70, 354
apostrophe (see single quotes)
app (abbreviation for application), 220
appending
      to a file, 372
      to a list, 237, 265
Apple Developer Connection, 441
Apple event, 5, 34
      AEDebug format, 41
      AEPrint format, 39
      AppleScript as expression of, 43
      applet, order of processing, 426
      blocking, 296
      calling handler in compiled script file, 477
      command, 35
      compilation constructs, 315
      details of sending, 37
      dictionary, translation using, 311
      direct object, 40, 340
            optional or required, 340
      efficiency, improving, 379
      error, 38
      four-letter code, 38
      intercepting, 40, 280
      logging, 280
      minimizing number sent, 379
      nonsensical, compiler lets you send, 324
      null( ) object, 344
      object specifier, 40
      parameters, 40, 340
            optional or required, 340
      parts of, 37
      query, 35
      raw
            entering as four-letter code, 325
            sending, 478, 509
            viewing, 40
      reference, not sent by creating, 212
      reference, sent by using, 210
      registry, 342
      repertory, 36
            deficient (see GUI scripting)
      reply, 35
            ignoring, 36, 298
      required, 342
      result, 38, 340
      sender, 35
      sending without AppleScript, 508-515
      send-to-self, 71
      standardization, 342
      system as postman, 37
      target, 35
      timeout, 36, 295
            handling, 307
      viewing, 40
      WebSTAR, 423
      (see also command; event)
Apple Event Log (Script Debugger), 40, 280
Apple event registry, 342
AppleScript
      Apple events, expression of, 43
      Apple events, sending without, 508-515
      bugs (see bugs, AppleScript)
      compiled, how and why, 52
      compiler, 53
      component (see AppleScript scripting component)
      dictionary, 343
            terminology clashes, 348
            viewing, 343
      different for each target application, 63, 77, 505
      documentation, online, 519
      "ease of use" myth, xv
      English-likeness, 78, 357
      error message strings often unhelpful, 489
      extended by target applications, 77
      file-level persistence not enforced by, 118
      LISP-likeness, 80, 149, 154
      little language, 76
      logarithmic functions lacking, 6
      multithreaded, not, 426
      nature and flavor, 75-82
      object-oriented, not, 80
      places for using, 14-33
            AppleScript Studio, 27, 437-451
            applet, 26, 430-437
            automatic location, 25, 418-429
            Automator, 32
            Cocoa application, 28
            hyperlink, 30
            internally scriptable application, 18
            script editor application, 14
            script runner, 22
            Unix, 30, 407-417
      preferences (pretty-printing), 318
      programming, art of, 483-507
      purpose, 76, 220
      reasons for using, 3-13
            calculation and repetition, 7
            combining specialties, 11
            customization, 9
            reduction, 8
      regular expressions lacking, 6, 76
      runtime engine, 53
      script object (see AppleScript script object)
      scripting component (see AppleScript scripting component)
      speed, 53, 378-385
      string manipulation inferior, 76
      Studio (see AppleScript Studio)
      trigonometric functions lacking, 6, 76
      version, 44, 274
            used in this book, xvi
AppleScript Debugger (OSA language), 45
AppleScript Language Guide, xv, 382, 519
AppleScript script object, 129
      current application is parent of, 129
      global properties, 129, 271
      name, 129, 271
            overshadowing, 272
AppleScript scripting component, 44, 46
      caches loaded dictionaries, 313
      global properties, 271
      loads scripting additions, 362
      maintains state, 48
      parent of script, 129
      persistence, 49
      pretty-printing, performs, 49
      remembers variable names, 106
      run script command creates separate instance, 148, 307
AppleScript Studio, 27, 437-451, 516
      application bundle, resources within, 369, 443
      application, preparing for final release, 451
      calling Cocoa from, 440, 447
      calling from Cocoa, 474-479
      Cocoa messages, receiving, 444
      Cocoa scripting, combining with, 474-479
      Cocoa, relationship to, 438
      components of, 441
      dictionary, 147, 442
      documentation, online, 442
      event handlers, 147, 444
      get script command fetches a copy, 473
      scriptability, 472-479
      scripting additions, application can contain, 61, 362
      shortcomings, overcoming, 440
      terminology, using elsewhere, 478
      window management bug, 450
applescript URL protocol, 30
AppleScript Utility, 15, 421
AppleScriptKit dictionary, 147, 442
AppleShare volumes, 376
applet, 26, 59, 430-437
      advantages of, 26
      bundle, 59
            compatibility, 59, 431
            example, 436
            locating resources inside, 369, 436
            scripting additions, can contain, 61, 362
      CGI application, 423
      compatibility, 60
      creating, 26, 59
            with Unix, 412
      dictionary, has none, 437
      droplet, 59, 435
      editing, 59, 431
      errors thrown in, 301
      event handlers, 432
      events, multiple, order of processing, 426
      formats, 60
      idle handler, 432, 433
      interrupting, 434
      launching, 26, 433
      lifetime events, 432
      locates targeted applications on launch, preventing, 294
      menus, 431, 432
      open handler, 435
      persistence, 435
            improving with bundle, 436
      quit, 431
            can't, if applet is busy, 434
            can't, without continue quit, 433
      quit handler, 432
      reopen handler, 432
      run handler, 432
      run-only, 59, 431
      scriptability, 433, 435, 436
      startup screen, 431
      stay-open, 431
AppleTalk, 388
AppleWorks, 351
application
      actions, script responding to, 428
      attachable, 71, 427
      combining, 11
      current, 129
      factored, 71
      front, bring to, 279
      frontmost, 9, 396
      ID, 391
      internally scriptable, 18
      launching, 278
      local, 387
      location of, learning, 369
      missing
            at compile time, 64, 313
            at decompile time, 65
      name, getting right, 387
      observable, 428
      programming interface (see API)
      quit, 279
      recordable, 70
      remote, 293, 366, 388-392
            launching, 390
      running, learning whether, 390, 396, 422
      script (see applet)
      scriptable, 6-7, 386-400
            attribute, value may be reference, 209
            coercion, requesting from, 246, 247
            launches when dictionary consulted, 62, 313
            object model, 182, 338, 344
            operations and, 269
            operators, may interpret differently from AppleScript, 270
            scripting addition vs., 360
            string considerations ignored, 270, 299
            targeting, 386-392
            terminology, vs. AppleScript's, 321
            this book not about individual, xiv
            Tiger, supplied with, 395-400
            writing, 459-479, 521
            (see also application, target)
      specifier, 206
      start up, if not already running, 278
      switching, 9
      target, 386-392
            applet, prevent seeking prematurely, 294
            application class specifier, 220, 292, 387
            can't be found, 65, 66, 313
            extends AppleScript language, 77
            how located, 65
            misidentified, 67
            name, 387
            name, changed by decompilation, 65
            remote, 293, 366, 388-392
            specifying as variable, 293
            specifying dynamically, 294
            state change, preventing, 296
            version, specifying, 387
            (see also target; application, scriptable)
      unscriptable, 401-406
      user chooses, 366
      visible, 396
      writing, 430-479
application bundle (see applet)
application class, 220
      object model, start of, 338, 344
      object string specifier, 220
            getting the name right, 387
      remote application, 388
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, 393
application process class (System Events), 403
application programming interface (see API)
application responses (constant), 277, 298
Appscript (Python module), 514, 516
April (constant), 277
Aristotle, 506
arithmetic
      date, 223
      errors inevitable, 257
      operators, 257
around (preposition), 143
art of AppleScript programming, 483-507
as operator, 246
      (see also get as command)
ASCII character command, 225, 374
      MacRoman only, 228
ASCII number command, 374
aside from (preposition), 143
ask (constant), 276
assignment
      equals sign (=) does not perform, 102, 261
      file object specifier, 232
      file URL, 234
      multiple, 102, 240
            attributes, 206
      record item, 241
            nonexistent, 242
      references and, 214
      top-level entity, 113
      variable, 101, 236
            no implicit coercion, 245
asterisk (*), multiplication operator, 258
at (make command), 200, 351-352
at (preposition), 143
Attach Script to Folder script, buggy, 422
attachable, 70
      applications, 71, 427
      degrees of attachability, 71
attribute, 182, 195
      accessing, 182
            chain of ofs and tells, 185
            it keyword not needed, 191
            of multiple objects, 204, 347
      application, value may be reference, 209
      class encapsulation, compiler does not enforce, 324
      coercion, by scriptable application, 246, 247
      dictionary, how listed in, 337
      fetching or assigning several at once, 206
      inheritance, in dictionary, 335
      value may be a reference, 196
      (see also property; element)
audio file, getting info about, 396
August (constant), 277
Austin, J. L., 344
autocompletion (Script Editor), 16
autoinitialization, 104
automatic location, 25, 418-429
Automator, 32
      action, 32
            Run AppleScript, 32
            virtues of, 452
            writing, 452-458
      documentation, online, 452
      workflow, 32
            in Finder contextual menu, 32

B[ Top ]
Babcock, Scott, 142
backslash (\) character
      literal strings, 225
      variable names, 107
bash, 407
      escaping strings on command line, 412
BASIC, 52
BBEdit, 357, 518
      attachable, 71, 427
      automatic location, 25
      contents property hard to use, 216
      factored, 71
      inserting text, 200, 355
      insertion point elements, 200
      Menu Scripts folder, 25, 427
      offset property, terminology bug, 322
      print settings class defective, 326
      pseudo-classes (records) used by, 339
      recordable, 70
      Script menu, 23
            implements persistence, 118
      Shutdown Items folder, 25
      Startup Items folder, 25
beep command, 367
before keyword, 200
beginning keyword, 199
begins with operator, 264
behind (synonym for after), 200
Belleudy-d'Espinose, Serge, 382
Bellhop, 24, 517
below (preposition), 143
beneath (preposition), 143
Berkowitz, Paul, xxi, xxii, 284, 434
beside (preposition), 143
between (preposition), 143
Big Cat, 24, 517
binary operator, 256
binding name with value, 100
bindings, Cocoa, 453
blank line after continuation character, 85
block, 91, 93
      abbreviating termination line, 92, 281
      arbitrary, 92
      how referred to in this book, 91
      indentation, 91
      level, 95
      nesting, 95
      scope, 93, 156
bold (constant), 276
Bonjour name
      choose remote application bug, 366
      targeting remote computer by, 388
books about AppleScript, 522
boolean, 221
      coercion, 248
            integer, 259
            string, 259
      condition, 281
      operators, 259
      parameter, replaced by "with" or "without", 144, 146
boolean test (element specifier), 201
      dictionary, not listed in, 347
      failure may generate error, 203
      lists, not implemented for, 203
            workaround (sort of), 239
      multiple tests, 203
      performed by target application, 269
      string considerations ignored, 299
bootstrap code (applet), 59
bounding rectangle class, 239
braces, curly
      delimiting lists, 236
      delimiting records, 240
branching, 281
bridge (AppleScript Studio), 440
Briggs, Don, 521
bugs, AppleScript
      AppleScript Studio window management broken, 450
      applet continue quit command doesn't quit, 434
      as operator, class can't be a variable, 246
      Attach Script to Folder script broken, 422
      call soap command incompatible with many servers, 395
      coercion between alias and Unicode text can fail, 252
      coercion to integer but not to number, 250
      colon in POSIX pathname misinterpreted, 234
      empty run handler, stack overflow, 110
      folder actions architecture flawed, 420
      handler defined with prepositional parameters can be called with positional parameters, 145
      list access speed, 382
      list concatenated to empty list yields same list, 265
      NSReceiverScriptError message, 472
      open for access command creates file, 370
      path to resource command doesn't locate Resources folder, 436
      repeat with . . . in every, misbehaves, 289
      script object assignment creates closure, 176
      setting date/time string property of date yields stack overflow, 225
bugs, common
      class specified instead of property, 192, 347
      datatype of returned value not checked, 350
      equals sign used for assignment, 102
      explicit return missing, 136
      folder action script triggers itself, 423
      handler, saying name instead of calling, 135
      implicit coercion, unexpected, 256
      range specifier forms conflated, 199
      repeat with . . . in every, 289
      result keyword used unwisely, 87
      return keyword encountered prematurely, 88
      scripting addition missing, 356
      undeclared variable trampled, 169
      variable name incorrect, 106
building Xcode project, 441
built-in command, 278-280
built-in datatype, 220-243
bundle, 56
      identifier, launching application by, 391
      Resources folder, locating file in, 369
      (see also script bundle; applet, bundle)
by (preposition), 143
bytecode, 52
      compiled script is more than, 57
      decompilation of, 54
            requires dictionary, 65
bytes, raw, 221
      entering Unicode characters as, 229

C[ Top ]
C language
      arbitrary blocks in, 92
      compiled language, 52
      different from AppleScript
            arithmetic operation, datatype of result, 257
            continue statement, 284
            do until, not like repeat until, 285
            for loop vs. repeat with, 285
            real to integer coercion, 249
      scripting addition might be written in, 60
C++, return-by-reference, 219, 288
calculation and repetition, 7
call (see handler, call)
call chain, 300, 302
call method command, 447
call soap command, 393
      incompatible with many servers, 395
call xmlrpc command, 393
Call*subroutine command, 437
cancel, in dialog, 300, 303
      error dialog not displayed, 302, 364
capitalization (see case)
CarbonLib, 361
caret (^), exponentiation operator, 259
case
      string comparisons and, 299
      variable names and, 105
      vertical bars and, 107
case (constant), 277
catch (error), 300, 302
      selectively, 305, 306
CD/DVD, responding to insertion of, 419
CGI (common gateway interface), 423-426
      Mac vs. Unix implementation, 423
chain of handler calls, 300, 302
chain of inheritance (script objects), 123
      implicit, 127
chain of ofs and tells, 185
      crucial to AppleScript programming, 195
      where it ends, 189
character
      composed, 228
      escaped, 225
      number, conversion, 374
      Unicode, entering, 229
      untypeable, entering in literal string, 225
character (string element), 227
      learning number of, 279
      Unicode-savvy, not fully, 228
Cheeseman, Bill, 519, 522
chevrons (« »)
      constructing data class object, 221
      entering, 229, 325
      raw four-letter code, entering, 325
choose application command, 366
Choose Application dialog, 387
choose color command, 367
choose file command, 365
choose file name command, 365
choose folder command, 365
choose from list command, 365
choose remote application command, 366
choose URL command, 366
      returns string (dictionary lies), 349
clash, terminology (see terminology, clash)
class, 105, 182, 220
      abstract, 336
      any can be assigned to variable, 182
      coercion, 244
            string, 250
      commands that can be sent to, 183, 355
      constant, 275
      defined differently by different applications, 183
      dictionary, how listed in, 334
            can appear twice, 357
            enumeration listed as, 334
            inheritance, 335
            record listed as, 339
      finding list items of given, 239
      implementing (Cocoa scripting), 463
      orphan, 346
      plural (synonym for every), 199
            dictionary, how listed in, 335
            repeat with . . . in, causes trouble, 289
            singular, can be identical with, 335
            some classes lack, 335
      property of record, 339
      property, same name as, 192, 347
            compiler doesn't distinguish, 324
      reference, never reported as, 212
      type class vs., 182
      used as variable name, 316, 317
      of variable, 182
      (see also datatype)
Classic scripting additions, 361
clipboard
      conversion, 9
      data, reading and writing, 374
      styled text, 231
      undisplayable values, 221
clipboard info command, 374
close access command, 372
close command (TextEdit), 357
closure, 175-179
Cocoa, 438
      action messages, 439
      Apple events, sending with, 478, 509
      application
            launches when dictionary consulted, 62
            make command, 352
            may look scriptable even if not, 342
            scriptability, adding, 459-472
            writing, with AppleScript Studio, 437-451
      bindings, 453
      built-in methods, 439
      calling AppleScript from, 28, 477
      calling AppleScript Studio from, 474-479
      calling from AppleScript, 440, 447
      delegation queries, 439
      documentation, online, 442
      key (sdef dictionary), 463
      learning, 440
      lifetime notifications, 439
      messages from, receiving (AppleScript Studio), 444
      methods, built-in, 439
      Objective-C, native language, 438
      scriptability (see Cocoa scripting)
Cocoa scripting, 459-472
      AppleScript Studio, combining with, 474-479
      class, implementing, 463
      command, implementing, 470
      dictionary format, 62
      documentation murky, 459, 469
      enumeration, implementing, 470
      key-value coding, 464
            disadvantages of, 467
      NSReceiverScriptError, 472
      pre-Tiger applications, 474
      property, implementing, 463
code
      coverage, Script Debugger provides, 379
      fragments, 402
      reusing, with a library, 122
      script object or handler definition not, 99
code, four-letter (see four-letter code)
coercion, 244-255
      alias, 251
      by AppleScript, 246
      boolean, 248
      class, 250
      constant, 250
      date, 250
      dictionary, not listed in, 245, 248, 356
      explicit, 246
      file, 251
      file URL, 251
      implicit, 244, 256
            arithmetic operators, 257
            boolean operators, 259
            comparison operators, 260
            concatenation operator, 265
            containment operators, 262
            list to string, being careful of, 254
      list, 252
      month, 250
      number, 249
      object string specifier vs., 246
      pathname, 251
      POSIX file, 251
      reference, 212
      by scriptable application, 247
      by scripting addition, 244, 359
      string, 249
            pathname, 251
      styled text, 250
      text (synonym for string), 250
      Unicode text, 250
            pathname, 251
      unit (measurement), 255
      version, 250, 274
      weekday, 250
colon (:)
      in handler definition and call, 145
      in Macintosh pathnames, 232
      POSIX path, don't use in, 234
      record, name-value separator, 240
color, rgb (class), 239
      user chooses, 367
comes after (synonym for >), 261
comes before (synonym for <), 261
comma (,), 222
      in global declaration, 163
      in local declaration, 161
      separating list items, 236
      separating parameters, 143, 145
      separating record items, 240
command, 35, 180, 278-280
      classes that can obey, 183, 355
      coercion, might perform implicit, 245
      default is get, 190
      event vs., 340
      handler call similar to, 132
      implementing (Cocoa scripting), 470
      multiple objects, applied to, 205
      multiple words, 147
      multiple, to same target, 186
      nested in another command, 83
            parentheses needed, 267
      parameter
            datatype not enforced by compiler, 333
            dictionary may list wrongly, 350
            name enforced by compiler, 323, 341
      result, 86
            inconsistent datatype, 350
      scripting addition, handler name same as, 317
      used as variable name, 315
      (see also event; Apple event)
comment, 88
      command, can't interrupt or precede, 89
      in dictionary, 358
      multiple line, 89
      nesting, 89
      precedence, 89
      quotation marks and pipes inside, 89
      single-line, 88
comparison operators, 260
      some implicitly dereference reference, 214
compatibility
      applet, 60
      applet bundle, 59, 431
      compiled script file formats, 57
      sdef dictionary format, 330
compilation, 52
      application needed for, 64, 313
      constructs Apple events, 315
      dictionary needed for, 62, 311, 313
      dictionary, loading of, 313
      first time takes longer, 313
      generates four-letter codes, 315
      top-level entries initialized, 116, 159
      variable scope and type determined, 158
      when needed, 53
      (see also compile; decompilation)
compile, 52
      can't, due to defective dictionary, 348
      can't, if alias doesn't exist, 232
      can't, with some terminology clashes, 315
      can't, without targeted applications, 64, 313
      saving a script that won't, 58
      with Unix, 412
      (see also compilation; compiled script file)
compiled script file, 55
      data storage, 120
      formats, 56
            compatibility problems, 57
            data-fork file, 56
            resource-fork file, 56
            script bundle, 56
      handler in, calling from Cocoa, 477
      information contained in, 57
      library of common code, 121
      location of current, learning, 369
      opening from Finder, 15
      opening without target application, 66
      persistence of top-level entities, 117
            Script Debugger shows, 121
            Script Editor destroys, 121
      portability problems, 58
      reading as script object, 118
            can create undeclared variable, 170
            loads context (closure), 178
      recovering when decompilation fails, 59
      running (see script, running)
      run-only, 57
      saving script object as, 118
            saves context (closure), 178
      Unix, creating with, 412
compiled vs. interpreted languages, 52
compiler, 53
      class/property names not distinguished, 324
      datatypes not checked, 333, 341
      encapsulation not enforced, 324, 338
      enforces class name in element specifier, 323
      enforces command parameter names, 323, 341
      enforces parts of speech, 315, 323
      enumeration values not checked, 334
      nonsensical expressions not prevented, 324
      property and element not distinguished, 338
      required parameters not enforced, 341
complete target, 185, 187
      determination of, 189
      reference as, 208
component, 44
      Generic Scripting Component, 46
      getting a list of, 377
            from Unix, 411
      instance, 48
      Script Application Component, 59
      (see also AppleScript scripting component)
Component Manager, 44
computer name, 368
computer, remote (see remote application)
concatenation, 265
      avoids long literal strings, 85
      plus sign (+), not, 258
      record, 241
      set end of, more efficient, 266
condensed (constant), 276
condition, 281
      optimizing, 379
Configure Folder Actions, 421
considerations, string, 277, 298
      offset command and, 374
      scriptable applications ignore, 270, 299
considering block, 298
constant, 275-277
      coercion, string, 250, 275
      dictionary, how listed in, 334
      display dialog displays incorrectly, 327
      enumerator, 275, 334
      global properties are not, 271
      used as variable name, 316
constructor, 155
containment operators, 262
contains operator, 264
content property, 217
contents of operator, 214
      contents property conflicts with, 216
contents property, 216
      content a better alternative, 217
      implicit subcontainer in Entourage, 346
context (of script object), 178
contextual menu
      Big Cat, 24
      Finder, Automator workflow, 32, 458
      Script Editor, 16
continuation character (¬), 85
      entering, 85
      how used in this book, 85
      moved or removed by decompilation, 85
      must be last thing in line, 85
continue command, 126
      passing parameters to run handler, 149
continue statement, nonexistent, 284
control structures, 281-308
      branching, 281
      errors, 300
            deliberate, 304
      looping, 283
      not waiting for application reply, 298
      pausing, 376
      string comparison and containment, 298
      targeting, 291
      terminology resolution, 292
      timeout, 295
conversion of units, 273
Cook, William, xxii
cooperative multitasking, 47
copy command, 101
      can't be nested, 83
      event handler illegal, 148
      set command, difference from, 102
      short-circuited resolution of, 181
copy, passing as parameter, 140
      guaranteeing, 141
Core Suite, 342, 343
count command, 279
CPU speed, learning, 368
Creator, 72, 518
creator code, launching application by, 391
CRLF (Windows line break), 84, 227
curl (Unix tool), 409, 442
curly braces
      delimiting lists, 236
      delimiting records, 240
current application, 129, 277
      implicit target, 133
      location of, learning, 369
current date command, 376
customization, 9
      application behavior
            attachability, 70, 427
            hooks, 426
            observability, 428
      attachability vs., 72
      of handler, 154
      of script object returned from handler, 154

D[ Top ]
data
      clipboard, read and write, 374
      file, read and write, 370
      maintaining with store script, 120
      overwriting, 372
      raw, and data class, 221
      raw, entering Unicode characters, 229
data class, 221
data fork, 56
Database Events, 399
datatype, 105, 182, 220-243
      alias, 232
      any can be assigned to variable, 182
      application, 220
      boolean, 221
      built-in, 220-243
      command result, inconsistent, 350
      compiler does not check, 333, 341
      constant, 275
      conversion (see coercion)
      data, 221
      date, 222
      in dictionary, 330
            alternative, 333, 349
            wrongly listed, 349
      different
            comparison, 260
            equality, ascertaining, 261
      file, 231
      file specification, 235
      file URL, 234
      handler, 138
      integer, 221
      international text, 230
      list, 236-239
      machine, 220
      mutable, 140
      native, 220-243
      number, 222
      numeric, 221
            miscellaneous rarely encountered, 222
      POSIX file, 233
      real, 221
      record, 239-243
      script object, 111
      string, 225
      styled text, 230
      testing, 245
      Unicode text, 228
      of variable, 182
      (see also class)
date, 222
      arithmetic, 223
      coercion, string, 250
      comparison, 260
      current, 222, 376
      deriving one from another, 223, 225
      mutation, 223
      object string specifier, 222
      passed by reference, 140, 224
      property
            calendrically impossible changes are legal, 223
            changing mutates, 223
            date string, 225
            day, 224
            hours, 224
            minutes, 224
            month, 224
            seconds, 224
            short date string, 225
            time, 224
            time string, 225
            weekday, 224
            year, 224
      seconds, stored as, 223
      set command sets by reference, 102, 224
      specifier, 206
      specifier property, 223
      time zones, 223, 376
date string (date property), 225
date-time (see date)
day (date property), 224
day, trigger script on a certain, 426
days (global property), 273
days, names of, 277
debug
      block structure, 92, 281
      customize error message string, 304
      hard to, so develop in small pieces, 506
      it keyword, to understand target, 191
      logging, 280, 506
            references, 210
      making get and it explicit, 193
      result, 506
      Script Debugger, 18
December (constant), 277
declaration
      global, 157, 163
            in loaded script object, 179
      local, 157, 161
      recommendations, 170
      redeclaration, 172
      script property, 111
      variable, legal in control structure, 170
      variable, not required, 103, 169
            called harmful, 106, 169
decompilation, 54
      abbreviations expanded, 54, 90
      application and machine specifiers separated, 389
      application needed for, 65
      boolean labeled parameters replaced by with/without, 144, 146
      bytecode insufficient for, 57
      case of variable names changed, 105, 106
      dictionary needed, 62, 311
      escaped characters changed, 84, 226
      failure, 59
      lineation changed, 54, 85
      long numbers rewritten, 222
      parentheses inserted, 267
      POSIX path changed to colon-delimited, 233
      pretty-printing, 54
      scientific notation literals rewritten, 222
      singular/plural class name changed, 323
      target application changed, 65
      then keyword added, 282
      unused target removed, 189
      when target application is missing, 66
      whitespace changed, 54, 85
default value for missing parameter, 142
      dictionary doesn't list, 350
definition
      handler, 134
      initializes top-level entity, 104
      script object, 109
      script property, 111
      variable, 103
delay command, 376
delegation (Cocoa), 439
delete item of list, 81
dereferencing (a reference), 213
      needed in repeat with . . . in, 287
Description tab (Script Editor), 16
developer tools, 441
diacriticals (constant), 277
dialog, error, 300, 301
      not displayed when user cancels, 302, 364
dialogs, StandardAdditions, 364
dictionary, 61, 311-358
      AppleScript (see aeut)
      AppleScriptKit (AppleScript Studio), 147, 442
      applet, 437
      application class as starting point, 338, 345
      application launched by consulting, 62, 313
      class with same name as property, 192, 347
      coercions not listed, 245, 248, 356
      commands not listed by class, 183, 355
            Script Debugger helps, 356
      comments usually inadequate, 358
      compilation and decompilation, how used during, 62, 311
      compilation, needed for, 64, 313
      contents of, 329-343
      creating, 461
      datatypes in, 330
            alternative, 333, 349
            inaccurately listed, 233, 333, 349
      decompilation, needed for, 65
      display, 329
            Script Debugger, 329
            Script Editor, 16, 329
      element specifiers listed in, 337
      event handler defined by, 147
      formats, 62
            aete, 62
            scriptSuite and scriptTerminology, 62
            sdef, 63
      four-letter code avoids need for, 325
      four-letter codes mysteriously appear in, 326
      graphical interface, might not match, 354
      hidden terminology, 343
      implicit subcontainers not listed, 345
      inadequacy, 63, 333, 344-358, 506
      inheritance, 335
            how displayed, 336
      innermost application, 313
      internal implementation, need not match, 461
      learning to read, 329
      loading, 313
            scripting addition, 360
      omissions, 346
      optional parameter default not listed, 350
      remote application, 389
      resolution of terminology, 312-323
      scripting addition, 359
      sdef, can be in Tiger, 63, 330
      specifying which to use, 292
      static or dynamic, 62
      study of, major part of AppleScript programming, 311, 505
      terminology clash caused by, 321, 322
      (see also terminology; aete; sdef)
Dictionary (application), 7
      looks scriptable but isn't, 7, 342
            workaround with GUI scripting, 406
Digital Hub Scripting, 61, 419
direct object, 183
      Apple event, 40, 340
            optional or required, 340
      command, 183
      get command must be followed by, 191
      multiple (as a list), 205
      specifying target, 183
direct operation, 268
disk
      get every (Finder), 350
      list names of (StandardAdditions), 369
      nonexistent, 232
dispatch
      object-first, 470
      verb-first, 477
dispatch table, 138
dispatch-based targeting, 294
display alert command, 364
display dialog command, 364
      constant displayed incorrectly, 327
      error if user cancels, 300
      list, displaying, 254
      Unicode text returned by, 409
distribution of command or attribute over list, 204
distribution of script, 32, 55, 122, 362
div operator, 259
division, 258, 259
      remainder, 259
do shell script command, 407
      Unicode text returned by, 230, 349
do until, 285
documentation
      AppleScript Studio, online, 442
      AppleScript, online, 519
      Automator, online, 452
      Cocoa, online, 442
      dictionary often only (and poor), 312
does not come after (synonym for £), 262
does not come before (synonym for ), 262
does not contain operator, 264
does not equal, doesn't equal (abbreviation for is not equal to), 261
double integer, 222
drag and drop, 27, 59, 435
      (see also droplet)
DragThing, 24, 517
drop box, 422
droplet, 27, 59, 435
      example, 8, 435
      open handler, 435
      scriptability, 435
      (see also applet)
dynamic dictionary, 62
dynamic nesting, 306

E[ Top ]
each (count command), 279
EightyRez, 517
      learning four-letter codes with, 327
element, 195
      class encapsulation, compiler does not enforce, 324
      dictionary, how listed in, 337
      how many there are, 198
      inheritance, in dictionary, 337
      manipulations can be performed on, 196
      property, compiler doesn't distinguish from, 338
      read-only, 337
      referring to, 197
      specifier, 197-206
            applying command to resulting list items, 205
            boolean test, 201
            class name, enforced by compiler, 323
            defective implementation, 347
            dictionary, how listed in, 337, 346
            every, 199
            fetching attribute of resulting list items, 204, 347
            ID, 198
            index, 198
            name, 197
            random (some), 198
            range, 199
            reference returned may not match, 210
            relative, 200
            (see also object specifier)
      (see also attribute)
else if keyword, 282
else keyword, 282
empty list or record, 236, 240, 263
      concatenation to, bug, 265, 266
empty string, 225
      coercion to zero, 249
encapsulation of class attributes
      compiler doesn't enforce, 324, 338
      inheritance in dictionary expresses, 336
encoding
      AppleScript and, 228
      MacRoman, 225, 228
      styled text and, 231
      Unicode, 228
      UTF-16, 228
      UTF-8, 230
end keyword, 91
      in range specifier, 199
end transaction, FileMaker Pro bug, 297
ends with operator, 264
English-like terms (see terminology)
English-likeness, 78, 357
entity, top-level (see top-level entity)
Entourage, 518
      contents property implicit, 346
      fully delete messages, 10
      properties with same name as classes, 347
      recipient type, terminology clash, 348
      run script in response to new mail, 25, 427
      script format compatibility problems, 57
      Script menu, 10
            doesn't implement persistence, 118
      selected messages, 354
      signature, create, 13
entry point, 147
enumeration, 334
      constants implemented as, 275
      dictionary, how listed in, 334
      implementing (Cocoa scripting), 470
      incorrect value, 275
            compiler doesn't complain, 334
enumerator, 334
      constant, 275, 334
      dictionary, how listed in, 334
eof (end of file), 372
eppc URL, 388
equal, equals, equal to (abbreviations for is equal to), 261
equality, 261
      approximation may be better, 258
      of different datatypes, ascertaining, 261
      operator
            doesn't coerce operands, 260
            doesn't implicitly dereference reference, 214
            repeat with . . . in and, 287
equals sign (=), equality operator, 260, 261
      assignment, not, 102, 261
error, 300-307
      Apple event, 38
      arithmetic, 257
      boolean test, nonexistent index, 203
      catch, 302
      deliberate, for flow control, 304
      dialog, 300, 301
      do shell script command, 408
      handling, 507
            during file access, 373
            selective, 306
      ignoring without terminating, 302
      message
            from application, 301
            string often unhelpful, 489
            (see also errors)
      number, useful, 302
      returning from Cocoa to AppleScript, 466
      throw, 301
      timeout, 295
            handling, 307
      transactions, 297
      uncaught, 301
error block, 303
      improving code structure with, 304
error command, 301
errors
      an application constant or consideration can't go after this identifier, 267
      access not allowed, 233, 275, 316
      an error has occurred, 301
      AppleEvent timed out, 296
      can't continue, 133, 181, 189, 321, 437
            often cured with me keyword, 194
      can't declare as both a local and global variable, 172
      can't get word after, 226
      can't make file into type reference, 232
      can't make into type, 182, 248, 256
            file, 372
            reference, 194
      can't make some data into the expected type, 245, 292
      can't set, 196, 316
      doesn't match the parameters, 141
      doesn't understand the message, 181, 251, 356
      expected "end" but found "on", 96
      expected "into", "to", etc. but found "get", 268
      expected "tell", etc. but found, 316
      expected class name but found identifier, 246
      expected end of line but found, 323
      expected expression but found
            command name, 194
            end of script, 191
      expected expression but found command name, 316
      expected variable name or property but found application constant or consideration, 275, 316
      expected variable name or property but found command name, 315
      expected variable name, class name or property but found command name, 316
      file wasn't found, 233
      no user interaction allowed, 413
      NSReceiverScriptError, 472
      property is specified more than once, 160
      result of a numeric operation was too large, 296
      run handler is specified more than once, 98
      some object, 222
      stack overflow, 110, 150, 225
      syntax error, 222
      unknown object type, 248
      user canceled, 302, 364
      variable is not defined, 103, 137, 160
escaped characters, 225
      changed by decompilation, 84, 226
      display, 84, 226
      osascript and, 414
      quoted form string property, 226
      variable names, 107
Ethernet address, learning, 368
Eudora, 518
      deleting a message, 355
      element specifiers defective, 347
      mailbox class orphaned, 346
      making a new message, 351
evaluation, second-level, 307
      converting list to record, 253
      entering four-letter codes, 326
      variable for record item name, 243
evaluation, suspended (reference), 209
event, 146, 180, 278
      applet, order of processing, 426
      command vs., 340
      dictionary, how listed in, 340
      observable, 428
      (see also command; Apple event)
event handler, 146
      AppleScript Studio, 444
      applet, 432
      scripting addition can define terminology, 359
      user handler as, 427
Event Log, 16, 280
      Apple Event Log (Script Debugger), 40, 280
      good for understanding references, 210
      History window (Script Editor), 16
      tab (Script Editor), 16
every (element specifier), 199
      class must have plural, 335
      repeat with . . . in, causes trouble, 289
Excel, 518
      supplying data and building a chart, 415
execute
      handler (see handler, call)
      script (see script, running)
exists command, 344
exit repeat statement, 283
expanded (constant), 276
expansion (constant), 277
experimentation, 492, 506
      when dictionary is inadequate, 312, 333, 344-358
      (see also guesswork)
explicit coercion, 246
explicit global, 157, 163
      for shared access, 170
explicit local, 157, 161, 170
explicit result
      of handler, 136
      of line, 86
explicit run handler, 98
      script object in, not persistent, 117
explicit target (see target)
Explorer view (Script Debugger), 18
exponentiation, 259
extended real, 222
extensions (pre-Mac OS X), 401

F[ Top ]
factored application, 71
false, 221, 276
      without, replaced by, 144, 146
Fast User Switching, 388
FastScripts, 24, 517
      speed, 385
February (constant), 277
fetch
      attribute value, multiple, 206
      top-level entity value, 113
      variable value, 103
file
      appending to, 372
      audio, 396
      creating, 233, 370
      data, read and write, 370
      existence of, testing, 252
      hqx, decoding, 422
      intermediary between Unix and AppleScript, 409
      leave open, don't, 372
      nonexistent, 232
      obtaining information about, 235, 370
      overwriting data of, 372
      referring to, 231
      specifier, 206, 231
            assignment, 232
      truncating, 372
      Unicode text and, 229
      user chooses, 365
      UTF-8, 230
file class, 231
      coercion
            alias, 251
            string, 247, 251
      native vs. application, 235
      POSIX path property, 235
File Sharing, toggling, 405
file specification class, 235
file URL class, 234
      coercion, 252
      Macintosh pathname, obtaining, 252
      POSIX path property, 235
      specifier string restrictions, 234
      (see also POSIX file class)
FileMaker Pro, 20, 518
      transactions, 296
filtered error handlers, 306
find item of list, 219, 288
Finder, 395
      alias list class, 356
      contextual menu
            Automator workflow in, 32, 458
            configuring folder actions, 421
            run script from, 24
      creating a window, 351
      desktop-object class wrongly coded, 348
      dictionary comments, bad and good, 358
      element specifiers wrongly listed, 346
      every disk, returns list or object, 350
      file class vs. AppleScript file class, 235
      Finder window elements omitted from dictionary, 346
      folder, terminology conflict, 322
      make command listed wrongly, 350
      referring to desktop items, 345
      rename items, 8
      responding to events automatically (see folder actions)
      reveal command returns result, 349
      System Events handles some commands to, 390
      toolbar, launching scripts from, 26
      usually running, 395
fixed class, 222
flow control (see control structures)
folder
      attach script to and remove from, 420
      contents of, 235, 370
      creating, 233
      existence of, testing, 252
      nonexistent, 232
      obtaining information about, 235
      pathname, getting, 254
      referring to, 231
      standard, getting location of, 369
      user chooses, 365
folder actions, 25, 420-423
      event handler called by, 147
      example, 422
      System Events, role in, 420
Folder Actions suite, 422
folder class
      defined differently by different applications, 183
      terminology conflict, 322
for (preposition), 143
for loop (see repeat block)
formatting preferences, 54
Fortran, 52
four-letter code, 38
      application identifier, 391
      assigning, when designing dictionary, 463
      compilation translates to, 315
      decompilation, preventing with run script, 326
      dictionary, appears unexpectedly in, 326
      dictionary, how used in, 329-343
      display, conventions for, 40
      entering in script, 325
      event, convention for presenting, 340
      integer, 40
      learning
            with EightyRez, 327
            with Script Debugger, 327, 330
      record item names and, 241
      result of class coercion, 250
      script, appears spontaneously in, 66, 326
      scripting addition missing, 68, 326
      scripting additions, Classic, 362
      standard system folders, 369
      standardization, 342
      terminology clash, avoiding with, 326
      terms with same, 348
fractional part of real, removing, 249, 259
FrameMaker, 483-505, 519
free variable, 171
      closure, captured by, 176
      value determined at runtime, 171
Friday (constant), 277
from (preposition), 143
from keyword, 199
Frontier, 22, 44, 516
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, 394
      (see also UserTalk; Radio UserLand)
frontmost application, 9
function (see handler)
furl (see file URL class)

G[ Top ]
Generic Scripting Component (GSC), 46
Generic Scripting System, 411
gestalt, 368
get as command, 246, 247
      (see also as operator)
get command, 103, 190
      is default, 190
      direct object required, 191
      event handler illegal, 148
      implicitly supplied, 190
            wrongly, 324
      parentheses and, 268
      presence or absence can matter, 190
      repeat with . . . in, efficiency of, 291
      resolves references, 190
      retrieve variable value, 103
      short-circuited resolution of, 181
get eof command, 372
get script command, 473
get volume settings command, 367
given keyword, 145
global
      closure, not captured by, 176
      declaration, 157, 163
            accesses top-level script property, 166
            creates and accesses top-level variable, 164
            in loaded script object, 179
            makes variable visible to deeper scopes, 163
            shares variable among scope regions, 164
      exists at top level, 164
      explicit, 157, 163
            for shared access, 170
            redeclaration, 173
      free variable, 171
            in loaded script context, 179
      implicit, 167
            called harmful, 169
            redeclaration, 172
      not visible to deeper scopes without declaration, 164, 167
      overshadowing of name, 164
      parameter, instead of, 151
      persistent, 165
      reference to, creating, 217
      run script command, not visible to, 307
      scope, 163
      top-level entity, similarity to, 166
global properties, 129, 271-274
      accessing, 271
      multiple-word names troublesome, 328
      not constant, 271
      scope, 271
      value shared between scripts, 271
glue (UserTalk), 512
gluemac (Unix tool), 513
Goodman, Danny, 522
grammar, English, 357
GraphicConverter, 518
      saving new file, 233, 349
greater than (>), 261
greater than (abbreviation for is greater than), 261
greater than or equal to (), 262
Gregorian calendar, 223
Gruber, John, 325
GSC (Generic Scripting Component), 46
guesswork, 356
      AppleScript development is often, 506
GUI scripting, 401-406
guillemets (« »)
      constructing data class object, 221
      entering, 229, 325
      raw four-letter code, entering, 325

H[ Top ]
handheld, trigger scripts with, 427
handle CGI request event, 423
handler, 94, 134-155
      call, 94, 135
            chain, 300, 302
            from Cocoa, 477
            command, similar to, 132
            dynamic, 138
            inheritance chain and, 131
            itself (recursion), 149
            me/it keyword not needed, 114, 125, 126, 131
            parameters, 139
            syntax, 141-146
            target, directed to, 189
            targeting script, 193, 321
            targeting script, using vertical bars, 194
            value of, 135
            vs. merely saying name, 135
      constructor of script object, 155
      customized, generated by handler, 154
      defining within a handler, 96
      definition, 93, 134
            code, is not, 99
            initializes variable, 104, 134, 138
            parameter names, 139
            scope region, 156
            syntax, 141-146
            top level, 99
            top-level entity, 134
            where legal, 96, 134
      entry point, 147
      event, 146
            applet, 432
            user handler as, 427
      free variables in, 171
      inherited, calling with continue, 126
      name same as scripting addition command, 317
      as parameter, 151
      parameters, 139
            are locals, 162
            name in definition is local, 162
            named (labeled), 145
            no implicit coercion, 245
            none, 143
            optional, 145
            pass by reference, 140, 218
            pass by value, 140
            pass by value, guaranteeing, 141
            positional (unnamed), 143
            prepositional (labeled), 143
            redeclaration, 172
            references as, 218
            testing datatype, 245
      recursion, 149
      result, 135
            capturing or ignoring, 137
            handler as, 153
            reference as, 219
            script object as, 153
      run (see run handler)
      scope block, 134
      scope vs. callability, 160
      script object in
            can see handler's locals, 152, 162
            definition must precede reference, 160
            not persistent, 117
      side effect, 135
      targeting application dynamically, 218
      top-level entity, 113, 134, 162
      user, 146
            instead of event handler, 427
            no implicit coercion, 245
            scriptable in applet, 436
      as variable, 105, 138
            recursive, 150
      (see also top-level entity)
handling (error), 300, 303
      selective, 306
hanging, preventing, 295
Harris, Warren, xxii
here document, 30, 414
hidden (constant), 276
hierarchy
      inheritance (in dictionary), 336
      object model, 338
            defective, 344
Hillegass, Aaron, 440
hook, 426
Hopkins, Shirley, 522
hours (date property), 224
hours (global property), 273
hqx files, decoding, 422
HTML, parsing with Perl, 409, 442
HyperCard, 361, 517
      (see also HyperTalk)
hyperlink, script embedded in, 30
HyperTalk, 43, 86
      put command, 102
      (see also HyperCard)
hyphens (constant), 277
hyphens, string comparisons and, 299

I[ Top ]
IAC (see interapplication communication)
iCal, 395
      run script when alarm fires, 25, 426
iChat, 395
ID (element specifier), 198
id keyword, 198
ID property, 198
ID, application, 391
ID, transaction, 296
idle event handler (applet), 432, 433
iDo Script Scheduler, 426, 517
if block, 281
      single-line form, 282
ignoring block, 298
iKey, 24, 517
Image Events, 398
image manipulation, 398
implicit coercion, 244, 256
      arithmetic operators, 257
      boolean operators, 259
      comparison operators, 260
      concatenation operator, 265
      containment operators, 262
      list to string, being careful of, 254
implicit dereferencing, 213
implicit global, 167
      redeclaration, 172
      value in loaded script context, 179
implicit local, 167
      redeclaration, 172
      repeat with, 285
implicit parent (inheritance) chain, 127
implicit result
      of handler, 136
            called harmful, 136
      of line, 87
      of script
            useful, 88, 506
implicit run handler, 98
      empty, causes stack overflow, 110
implicit subcontainer, 345
implicit target, 183
in (synonym for of operator), 185
in back of (synonym for after), 200
in front of (synonym for before), 200
incantation, reference as, 209
indentation, 91
index (element specifier), 198
index keyword, 198
index of this book, xxii
index property, 198
inequality operator, 261
      doesn't coerce operands, 260
      doesn't implicitly dereference reference, 214
      repeat with . . . in and, 287
infinite loop, 283
info for command, 370
inheritance
      chain (script objects), 123
            implicit, 127
      dictionary, classes in, 335
            how displayed, 336
      global properties made available, 271
      handler calls and, 131
      passing parameters to run handler, 149
      polymorphism, 125
      script object, 123
      (see also parent)
initialization
      free variables, 171
      script property, 111, 115
      top-level entity, 159
      variable, 104
INITs, 401
innermost application dictionary, 313
insert into list, 238
insertion location, 200, 332
      different applications expect different forms, 200, 351
insertion point elements (BBEdit), 200
instance of component, 48
instead of (preposition), 143
integer, 221
      character, conversion, 374
      coercion, 249
            boolean, 249, 259
            list, 257
            month, 250
            real, 249
            string, 249, 257
            weekday, 250
      comparison, 260
      division, 259
      double, 222
      literal, 221
      month (date property) assignment, 224
      random, 375
      small, 222
intelligence (see control structures)
interapplication communication, 34
      speed bottleneck, 378
      (see also Apple event)
intercepting Apple events, 40, 280
interface
      AppleScript Studio, 438
      Automator action, 452
      designing (AppleScript Studio), 441, 443
      dialogs, StandardAdditions, 364
      graphical vs. programming, 9, 70, 351, 354
      interacting with, programmatically, 401
      programming
            Accessibility, 402
            AppleScript as, 9, 70, 354
      scripting additions, 360
      scripting, vs. internal implementation, 461
Interface Builder, 441, 516
International System Preferences, 222
international text class, 230
Internet Connect, 395
Internet, AppleScript over (see remote application)
interpreted vs. compiled languages, 52
interrupt an applet, 434
into (abbreviation for to), 102
into (preposition), 143
introspection, record, 243, 339
IP number, targeting remote machine, 388
is (synonym for =), 261
is equal to (synonym for =), 261
is greater than (synonym for >), 261
is in operator, 264
is less than (synonym for <), 261
is not (synonym for ), 261
is not equal to (synonym for is not), 261
is not equal, isn't equal (abbreviation for is not equal to), 261
is not greater than (synonym for £), 262
is not in operator, 264
is not less than (synonym for ), 262
isn't (abbreviation for is not), 261
it is (not), in boolean test specifier, 202
it keyword, 191
      accessing attribute of scriptable application, not needed, 191
      accessing top-level entity, 114
      in boolean test, 201
      distinguish property from class, 192, 348
      inheritance and, 124
      polymorphism and, 125
      target represented by, 191
italic (constant), 276
item (list element), 236, 239
      learning number of, 239, 279
      looping through each, 286
      not a record element, 240
      reference to, 286
      (see also list)
item class
      BBEdit, abstract, 336
      Finder, not so abstract, 336
      Finder, repeat with . . . in every, 289
iteration, jumping to next, 284
its (synonym for of it), 191
iTunes, 395
      assign track numbers, 9
      convert command, object datatype badly described, 333
      referring to library or playlist, 345
      Script menu, 10
      selection, 354

J[ Top ]
Jaguar, xvi
      resource-fork scripts and, 57
January (constant), 277
JavaScript OSA, 44, 45, 516
      sending Apple events with, 511
joining list items, 253
      (see also concatenation)
Jon's Commands, 356, 363, 379, 518
July (constant), 277
June (constant), 277

K[ Top ]
keyboard and mouse, simulating, 401
Keyboard Maestro, 24, 517
keyboard shortcut, for launching a script
      DragThing, 24
      FastScripts, 24
Keychain Access, 398
Keychain Scripting, 398
keychain, accessing, 398
key-value coding (KVC), 464
      called harmful, 467

L[ Top ]
labeled parameters, 143, 145
      multiple words, 147
lame (MP3 encoder), 452
language, AppleScript (see AppleScript)
languages, little, 76
Late Night Software (see Script Debugger; JavaScript OSA)
launch command, 278
      sent to applet, 433
launchers, 24
launching a remote application, 391
length
      list property, 239
      record property, 241
      string property, 226
less than (<), 261
less than (abbreviation for is less than), 261
less than or equal to (£), 262
level, top (see top level)
lexical nesting, 306
lexical scoping, 171
library, 121
ligatures, string comparisons and, 299
line
      actually executed, learning, 379
      break character, 83
            display, 84
            paragraph (string element) and, 227
            string comparisons and, 299
      changed during decompilation, 54, 85
      expression is minimum valid, 86
      long, 55
            breaking, 85
            broken manually in this book, 85
      result, 86
      terminator character, 83
            display, 84
      unit of AppleScript language, 83
      wrapping, 55, 85
LISP, 80, 149, 154, 175, 257
      (see also Scheme)
list, 236-239
      appending to, 265
      boolean test specifiers lacking, 203
            workaround (sort of), 239
      coercion, 252, 257, 259
            scriptable application may refuse, 248
            to string, being careful of, 254
      comparison, 260
      concatenation, 265
      containment, 262
      displaying, 254
      distribution of attribute or command over, 204
      efficiency of access, 237, 382
      element
            class name, 239
            item, 239
      empty, 236
            concatenation to, bug, 265
      filter items of, 150
            closure-based example, 177
            generalized example, 152
            most elegant example, 154
      of handlers, as dispatch table, 138
      item
            delete, 81
            find, 219, 288
            find, of given class, 239
            insert, 238
            looping through, 286
            nonexistent, asking for, 203
            set by reference, 237
      joining, 265
      joining string items, 253
      making sure you have one, 253, 350
      multiple variable assignment, 102, 236
      mutation, 237, 288
            repeat with . . . in, 288
      one-item, forming, 248
      parameter in handler call, 141
      passed by reference, 140, 237
      pointer to item of, returning, 219, 288
            repeat with . . . in, 288
      property
            length, 239
            rest, 239
            reverse, 239
      recursion, 238
      set command sets by reference, 102, 237
      size of, 239, 279
      speed, 382
      string manipulation, 254
      user chooses from, 365
List & Record Tools, 243, 327, 518
list disks command, 369
list folder command, 370
list of (in dictionary value type), 333
little languages, 76
load, 56
load script command, 118
      library, accessing, 121
      loads context (closure), 178
Loader, 123, 517
local
      declaration, 157, 161
      explicit, 157, 161, 170
      handler's
            closures and, 177
            visible to script object, 152, 162
      implicit, 167
            called harmful, 169
            redeclaration, 172
            repeat with, 285
      overshadows global, 164
      overshadows top-level entity, 161
      redeclaration, 173
      reference to, can't create, 217
      scope, 161
local application, how specified, 387
location reference, 200, 332
      different applications expect different forms, 200, 351
location, automatic, 25, 418-429
log command, 280
logarithmic functions, 6
logging, 280
      Script Debugger, 40
      Script Editor, 16
      while developing script, 499
logic, programming (see control structures)
logical not sign (see continuation character)
Login Items
      adding a script to, 27
      manipulating with System Events, 396
      System Events added when folder items enabled, 420
LOGO, 76
looping, 283
      avoiding, 381
      conditional, 284
      for loop (see repeat block)
      infinite, avoiding, 283
      jumping to next iteration, 284
      premature termination, 303
      solve single case before, 506
      speed and efficiency, 283, 379

M[ Top ]
Mac OS 9, xvi
      scripting additions, 361
Mac::Glue (Perl module), 513, 516
machine class, 220
      object string specifier, 388
      specifying dynamically, 294
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, 393
      (see also remote application)
Macintosh Connectivity Classes, 342
Macintosh line break (\r), 84
      result returned to Unix, 413
      return global property, 272
Macintosh pathname, 232
macro program, 401
MacRoman encoding, 225, 228
Mail, 395
      create email message, 20
      create signature, 12
      run script in response to new mail, 25, 427
      Script menu, 24
      selection (text), not implemented, 353
mail, run script on arrival of, 427
mailing lists about scripting, 522
Mailsmith, 351, 353, 518
      dictionary comments excellent, 358
maintenance of state (see state, maintenance of)
make command, 350-353
      optional parameters listed wrongly, 350
March (constant), 277
May (constant), 277
McGath, Gary, 517
me keyword, 193
      can't continue error, cure for, 194
      giving top-level script a name, 129, 166
      inheritance and, 124
      polymorphism and, 125
      script (object) represented by, 193
      targeting script, 193, 321
      terminology clash, relationship to, 193, 320
measurement units, 255, 273
menu, contextual (see contextual menu)
menu, Script (see Script menu)
menus, applet, 431, 432
message, 180
      error (see error)
      handler call and command, 132
      handler call sends to target, 189
      script object, 95
      sending is primary act of AppleScript, 220
      which can be sent to which classes, 183, 355
methods, built-in (Cocoa), 439
      calling from AppleScript, 440, 447
microphone window, 367
middle (element specifier), 197
min monitor depth command, 361
minus sign (-), subtraction and unary negation, 258
minutes (date property), 224
minutes (global property), 273
Miscellaneous Suite, 342
missing value, 276
      returning from Cocoa to AppleScript, 472
mod operator, 259
Monday (constant), 277
month
      coercion
            integer, 250
            string, 250
      name of, 277
month (date property), 224
mount volume command, 376
mouse and keyboard, simulating, 401
movie, QuickTime, AppleScript in, 32
MultiAd Creator, 518
multiple words, terms consisting of, 147, 328
multiplication, 258
multitasking, cooperative, 47
music CD appeared event handler, 419
mutation, 102, 112, 218, 219, 288
      date, 223
      list, 237, 288
            repeat with . . . in, 288
            string, instead of, 254
      record, 240
my (synonym for of me), 193
MySQL database, 393

N[ Top ]
\n (newline) character, 84
      do shell script command and, 408
      literal strings, 225
            changed to whitespace, 84, 226
      string comparisons and, 299
      variable names, 107
name
      application
            getting right, 387
            shortcuts for entering, 387
      computer, 368
      constant, 275
      handler, vs. call, 135
      interface elements (AppleScript Studio), 444
      more than one for same value, 102, 112
      multiple words, 147, 328
      overshadowed, 158
            accessing, 159
      parameter, 139
            error block, 304
            local to handler, 162
            preposition, 143
            unnamed, 143
            user-defined, 145
      record items, 241
            generating, from string, 253
            learning, 243
      same, but different four-letter code, 348
      tell block, in scope within, 188
      variable, 100
            case of, 105, 107
            legalizing with vertical bars, 107
            misspelled, 106
            persistent and shared between scripts, 106
            rules for, 105
name (element specifier), 197
name property, 197
named keyword, 197
named parameter, 145
namespaces, 63, 77
      clash, 188, 312
      (see also terminology)
Nandor, Chris, 513
native datatypes, 220-243
Neeracher, Matthias, 513
negation, numeric, 258
negative index, 198
nesting
      blocks, 95
            considering and ignoring, 300
            tell, 186, 191
            tell and terms, 293, 314
            try, 306
      dynamic, 306
      lexical, 306
      regions of scope, 156
      script objects, 113
            inheritance (not), 127
            persistence and, 115
      targets, 189
network, AppleScript over (see remote application)
newline (\n) character
      do shell script command and, 408
      literal strings, 225
      string comparisons and, 299
      variable names, 107
next repeat statement, nonexistent, 284
no (constant), 276
nonscriptable applications, 401-406
not equals sign ()
      entering, 261
      inequality operator, 260, 261
not operator, 260
not sign, logical (see continuation character)
NoteTaker, 352, 518
notifications (Cocoa), 439
November (constant), 277
now, 222, 376
NSAppleEventDescriptor
      Apple event, forming with, 479, 509
      parsing, 29
NSAppleScript, 28
      executeAndReturnError, 28
      executeAppleEvent, 479
      initWithContentsOfURL, 29
      initWithSource, 28
      script format compatibility problems, 57
null (constant), 276
null( ) (top-level object), 344
number, 221
      character, conversion, 374
      coercion
            list, 257
            string, 257
      comparison, 260
      digits, too many, rewritten, 222
      error, 301
      random, 375
      scientific notation, 222
      (see also integer; real; number class)
number class, 222
      coercion, 249, 250
numeric classes, 221
      miscellaneous rarely encountered, 222
numeric strings (constant), 277

O[ Top ]
object, 180
      attributes, 182
            accessing, 185
            chain of ofs and tells, 185
      coercion, by scriptable application, 246, 247
      creating, 350
      direct (see direct object)
      model (see object model)
      multiple, applying command to, 205
      multiple, fetching attribute of, 204, 347
      reference as means of access to, 209
      script (see script object)
      specifier, 40
            "reference," in dictionary, 331
      string specifier, 206
            (see also object string specifier)
      target, 183
      viewing with Script Debugger, 18, 338
object model, 182, 338
      defective, 344
      figuring out, crucial, 338, 505
      graphical interface, might not match, 354
      internal implementation, need not match, 461
      viewing in script editor application, 338
            Script Debugger, 18, 338
object specifier, 40
      (see also element, specifier)
object string specifier, 206
      alias, 232
      application, 220, 387-388
            getting the name right, 387
      coercion vs., 246
      date, 222
      file, 231
      file URL, 234
      machine, 388
      POSIX file, 233
      string can be literal or variable, 207, 292
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, 393
object-based programming, polymorphism and, 126
object-first dispatch, 470
Objective-C, 438
      Apple events, sending with, 478, 509
      calling AppleScript from, 28, 477
      calling AppleScript Studio from, 474-479
      calling from AppleScript, 440, 447
      learning, 440
object-oriented
      AppleScript not really, 80
      classes with inheritance not really, 336
objectSpecifier method, 466
observable events, 428
October (constant), 277
of (preposition), 144
      direct object of command, 184
of operator, 185
      accessing attribute of target object, 185
      accessing top-level entity, 113
      chain of ofs and tells, 185
      preposition before direct object vs., 185
      value containing is a reference, 212
      when to use, vs. tell block, 187, 292, 386
      (see also 's operator)
off styles, 276
offset command, 374
      BBEdit terminology conflict with, 322
on (preposition), 143
on keyword, 94, 134
on styles, 276
OneClick, 401
onto (preposition), 143
open command (droplet), 435
open command (Unix), 41
open event handler (droplet), 435
open for access command, 370
open location command, 377
      example, 9
Open Scripting Architecture (see OSA)
operand, 256
operation, 256
      boolean test specifier, 269
      direct, 268
      order of, 267
operator, 256-270
      arithmetic, 257
      boolean, 259
      coercion, may perform implicitly, 256
      comparison, 260
      concatenation, 265
      containment, 262
      scriptable applications may interpret differently from AppleScript, 270
or (alternative value types in dictionary), 333, 349
or operator, 260
order of execution (see control structures)
order of operations, 267
ordinal numeric literals, 198
orphan class, 346
OSA (Open Scripting Architecture), 43
      compiling and running scripts, 46
      component, 44
            getting a list of, 377, 411
      languages, 44
            AppleScript Debugger, 45
            JavaScript OSA, 44
            OSABridge, 45
            QuicKeys Script, 44
            selecting, 45
            UserTalk, 44
OSABridge, 45, 516
osacompile command, 412
osalang command, 411
osascript command, 30, 412-417
      dialogs illegal, 364
osax, osaxen, 60
      (see also scripting addition)
out of (preposition), 143
outline (constant), 276
over (preposition), 143
overshadowed, 158
      global properties, 271
      global, by local, 164
      names, accessing, 159
      not (free variable), 171
      top-level entity, by local, 161

P[ Top ]
Panther, xvi
      applet bundle introduced, 59
            solves scripting addition distribution problem, 362
      applet event processing order changed to FIFO, 426
      month coercible to integer, 250
      offset command obeys string considerations, 374
      reals mostly coercible to integer, 249
      script bundle introduced, 56
      sdef introduced, 63
paragraph (string element), 227
parameter, 94, 139
      Apple event, 40, 340
            optional or required, 340
      Automator action, 452
      command, 340
            another command as, 83
            compiler enforces name, 323, 341
            datatype not enforced by compiler, 333
            dictionary may list wrongly, 350
            optional, 350
            required, compiler does not enforce, 341
      error block, 303
            literal (filtered error handler), 306
      handler, 139
            closures and, 177
            datatype of, testing, 245
            default value, 142
            extra, ignoring, 142
            named (labeled), 145
            no implicit coercion, 245
            none, 143
            omitted (error), 141
            optional, 141, 145
            positional (unnamed), 143
            prepositional (labeled), 143
            visible to script object, 152, 162
      handler as, 151
            received by script object, 152
      multiple words, 147
      name in definition is local, 162
      pass by reference, 218
            vs. by value, 140
      redeclaration, 172
      reference as, 218
      run handler, 148
            osascript, supplying from, 414
      script object as, 151
            containing a handler, 152
parent, 123
      implicit, 127
      nested script object, 127
      non-script object, 128, 130
      setting, 123
      (see also inheritance)
parentheses
      handler definition and call, 143
      interpretation of commands, 267
      order of operations, 267
partial target, 185
parts of speech
      enforced by compiler, 315, 323
      four-letter code, 325
pass by reference, 218
      preventing, 141
      vs. by value, 140
password (bulleted) entry, 364
path to command, 369
      coercion, Unicode text, 356
      terminology conflict, 325
path to resource command, 369
      can't locate Resources directory, 436
pathname
      application, specifying by, 387
      coercion
            alias, 247, 251, 252
            file object, 247
      colon-delimited vs. slash-delimited, 231
      components, breaking into, 499
      creating file or folder, 233
      existence of, testing, 252
      folder, getting from pathname of item, 254
      Macintosh, 232
            obtaining, 251
      nonexistent, 232
      partial (called harmful), 232, 234
      POSIX, 232
            obtaining, 235
            presented as colon-delimited, 233
pausing, 376
perform action command, 473
Perl
      Apple events, sending with, 513
      bigness of, 76
      calling AppleScript from, 30, 414
      calling from AppleScript, 409
      HTML, parsing with, 409, 442
      learning, 523
      OSA language, 45
      SOAP, communicating with via, 393
      strict mode, no AppleScript analogue, 106
      Unicode text, constructing with, 230
persistence, 49
      applets, 435
      compiled script files, 117
      globals, 165
      implementing with store script, 120
      inconsistency, 118
      top-level entities, 114
Personal File Sharing, 376
Personal Web Sharing, 425
Phlink, 25, 142, 427, 519
phone call, run scripts in response to, 427
PHP
      OSA language, 45
      SOAP, communicating with via, 393
pi (global property), 273
PICT data, 221
pipes (see vertical bars)
plain (constant), 276
plural (of class), 199
      dictionary, how listed in, 335
      repeat with . . . in, causes trouble, 289
      singular, can be identical with, 335
      some classes lack, 335
plus sign (+), addition operator, 258
      concatenation, not overloaded for, 258
point class, 239
pointer, 219, 288
      (see also reference)
polymorphism, 125
      continue command, 126
portability
      compiled script file, 58
      date specifiers and coercions, 223
      library, 122
      (see also compatibility)
positional parameters, 143
POSIX file class, 233
      coercion, string, 252
      Macintosh pathname, obtaining, 252
      presented as file class, 233
      (see also file URL class)
POSIX path (property of file, alias, or file URL class), 235
POSIX pathname
      colon, don't use in, 234
      colon-delimited pathname vs., 232
      specifying file or folder with, 233
power (exponentiation), 259
precedence, 257, 258
PreFab Player, 401, 517
premature termination
      program (runtime error), 300
            avoiding, 303
      repeat block, 283, 303
prepositional parameters, 143
      calling with positional parameters, 145
prepositions, 143
pretty-printing, 15
      AppleScript scripting component performs, 49
      blocks indented, 91
      decompilation and, 54
      formatting preferences, 54
      preferences, 318
      terminology clash, can help detect, 318
print depth (global property), 343
processes, running, 396
program, AppleScript (see script)
programming languages vs. scripting languages, 50
programming, AppleScript, art of, 483-507
project, Xcode, 441
prop (abbreviation for property), 111
property, 195
      class encapsulation, compiler does not enforce, 324
      class, distinguishing from with it keyword, 192, 348
      class, same name as, 192, 347
            compiler doesn't distinguish, 324
      datatype not enforced by compiler, 333
      declaration, 111
            sets by reference, 111
      dictionary, how listed in, 337
            inherited, how displayed, 336
      element, compiler doesn't distinguish from, 338
      global (see global properties)
      implementing (Cocoa scripting), 463
      inheritance, in dictionary, 335
      multiple-word names, 328
      read-only, 196, 337
      referring to, 197
      script (see script property)
      used as variable name, 317
            fine if declared, 318
      user, 241
      value type, in dictionary, 333
      (see also attribute; script property)
property keyword, 111
property list, parsing, 397
property specifier, 333
pseudo-class (record), 339
punctuation (constant), 277
punctuation, string comparisons and, 299
put (abbreviation for copy), 102
Python
      Apple events, sending with, 514
      learning, 523
      OSA language, 45

Q[ Top ]
query, 35
QuicKeys, 44, 401, 426, 428, 517
QuickTime movie, AppleScript in, 32
quit command, 279
quit event handler (applet), 432
quotation marks (")
      in comment delimiters, 89
      delimiting literal strings, 225
      in literal strings, 225
      quote global property, 272
      string comparisons and, 299
quote global property, 272
quoted form (string property), 226

R[ Top ]
\r (return) character, 84
      literal strings, 225
            changed to whitespace, 84, 226
      result returned to Unix, 413
      return global property, 272
      string comparisons and, 299
      variable names, 107
Radio UserLand, 22, 516
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, 394
      (see also Frontier)
random number command, 375
range (element specifier), 199
raw Apple event
      sending, 478, 509
      viewing, 40
raw data, 221
      entering Unicode characters, 229
raw terminology (see four-letter code)
RCDefaultApp, 31
read command, 371
read-only
      element, 337
      property, 196, 337
real, 221
      coercion, 249
            integer, 249
            list, 257
            string, 249, 257
            version, 250
      comparison, 260
      division, 258
      extended, 222
      fractional part, removing, 249, 259
      literal, 222
      making sure you've got one, 257
      random, 375
      rounding, 249, 375
      scientific notation, 222
REALbasic, 509, 517
      sending Apple events with, 510
recognition, speech, 367, 398
record, 239-243
      begins with, ends with operators don't apply to, 264
      class property, 339
      clipboard, reading as, 375
      coercion, 252
            list, 253
      comparison, 260
      concatenation, 241, 265, 266
      containment, 262
      dictionary, how listed, 338
            not distinguished from reference, 350
      empty, 240, 263
            concatenation to, bug, 266
      generating from list of names and values, 253
      item
            assigning to, 241
            changing value, 240
            names are properties, 241
            names, learning, 243, 339
            set by reference, 240
            variable for name, 243
      joining, 265
      mutation, 240
      parameter in handler call, 142
      passed by reference, 140, 240
      property
            length, 241
      pseudo-class, 338
            accessing outside tell block, 339
      recursion, 241
      result of XML-RPC or SOAP call, 393
      set command sets by reference, 102, 240
      size of, 241, 279
      values, extracting a list of, 252
      variables, multiple assignment of, 240
recordable, 70
      Apple event, what constitutes, 71
      application, 70
rectangle, bounding (class), 239
recursion
      handler, 149
      list, 238
      record, 241
reduction, 8
ref (abbreviation for a reference to), 211
reference, 208-219
      Apple event may be sent when using, 210
      assignment, 214
      attributes, may have, 196
      capturing for use in deeper tell block, 187
      coercion to, 212
      comparison, 214, 215
      copy, is not, 197
      creating, 211
            doesn't send Apple event, 212
            to local, impossible, 217
            terms block, 292
      dereference, 213
            explicit, 214
            implicit, 213
      dictionary, value type in, 331
            record, not distinguished from, 350
      file object, 232
      incantation, 209
      learning whether a value is one, 212
      multiple, applying command to, 205
      multiple, fetching attribute of, 204, 347
      object, means of access to, 209
      as parameter, 218
      pass by, 140, 218
            preventing, 141
      repeat with . . . in generates, 286
      resolved by get command, 190
      result of fetching attribute, 196
      result of handler or script object, 219
      set by, 102, 111
      specifier, may differ from, 210
      target, 208, 386
            complete, 196
            tell block, 292
      targeting application dynamically, 294
region of scope, 97, 156
regression, 496
regular expressions, 6, 76
relative (element specifier), 200
remainder, 259
Remote Apple Events, 294, 366, 388
      toggling remotely via ssh, 388
remote application, 293, 366, 388-392
      launching remotely, 390
      user chooses, 366
Rendezvous (see Bonjour name)
reopen command, 279
reopen event handler (applet), 432
repeat block, 283
      forever, 283
      jumping out of, 283
      jumping to next iteration, 284
      premature termination, 283
      repeat n times, 284
      repeat until, 285
      repeat while, 284
            optimizing, 379
      repeat with, 285
            more efficient than repeat while, 380
      repeat with . . . in, 286
            avoiding inefficiency of, 290, 380
      speed and efficiency, 283, 379
repertory
      Apple events, 36
      dictionary, 61
repetition and calculation, 7
reply, 35
      ignoring, 36, 298
      time to wait for, 36, 295
Required Suite, 342
resolution of terminology, 311, 312-323
      compilation and, 64, 292
      four-letter code avoids need for, 325
      references and, 210, 386
      tell block, 186, 292
      terms block, 292
      terms in scope and, 188
      without targeting, 292, 386
      (see also terminology, clash)
resource fork, 56
rest (list property), 239
restart computer, 396
result, 86
      of Apple event, 38, 340
      of arithmetic operation, 257
      capturing, 86, 137
      of handler, 135, 136
            closure, 176
            handler as, 153
            reference as, 219
            script object as, 153
      ignoring, 137
      inconsistent datatype, 350
      of line, 86
      of script, 137
            implicit, useful, 88, 506
      of script object, 137
      from scriptable application
            coercion, requesting, 246, 247
            reference, often, 209
Result History window (Script Editor), 15
result keyword, 86
      called harmful, 87
Result tab (Script Editor), 16
retrieve (see fetch)
return (\r) character
      literal strings, 225
      result returned to Unix, 413
      return global property, 272
      string comparisons and, 299
      variable names, 107
return (global property), 272
return by reference, 219, 288
return keyword, 136, 283
      implicit result vs., 88
      omission of, 87
            called harmful, 87
      return global property vs., 272
returning a value, 135
returning command, 101
reverse (list property), 239
rgb color class, 239
\r\n (Windows line break), 84, 227
Robertson, Ray, 284
round command, 249, 375
rounding, 249, 375
Ruby, 415
      calling AppleScript from, 415
      learning, 523
      OSA language, 45
run
      handler (see run handler)
      script, 98
      script object, 98, 110
run command, 110
      sent to applet, 433
run handler, 98
      applet, 432
      Automator action, 457
      event handler, 148
      explicit, 98
            script object in, not persistent, 117
            undeclared variable in, 168
      implicit, 98
            empty, causes stack overflow, 110
      parameters, 148
            osascript, supplying from, 414
      script object has exactly one, 98, 110
run script command, 119
      entering four-letter codes, 326
      expensive, 148, 307
      list to record conversion, 253
      passes parameters to run handler, 148
      runs within context (closure), 178
      scope, 307
      second-level evaluation, 307
      variable for record item name, 243
run-only script, 57
      AppleScript Studio, 451
      applet, 59, 431
runtime engine, 53

S[ Top ]
's operator, 185
      accessing top-level entity, 113
      not synonym for prepositional "of", 184
      (see also of operator)
Safari, 395
Salling Clicker, 25, 427, 518
Samba volumes, 376
Sanderson, Hamish, xxii, 514
Saturday (constant), 277
save command, creating file with, 233
say command, 367
      Unicode text rejected, before Tiger, 251
scheduled running of script, 426
Scheme, 76, 80, 149
      (see also LISP)
scientific notation, 222
      rewritten at compile time, 222
scope, 93, 156-179
      block, 93, 156
      free variable, 171
      global, 163
      global properties, 271
      in, 157
      lexical, 171
      local, 161
      nesting, 156
      overshadowing, 158
      region, 97, 156
      run script command, 307
      targeting rules do not override, 188
screen, startup (applet), 431
script
      bundle (see script bundle)
      editing, 14
            reinitializes top-level entities, 116
      entry point, 147
      file, 51
      folder, attach to and remove from, 420
      keyword, 94
      me keyword represents, 193
      name, 128, 129, 166
      object (see script object)
      parent (implicit) of script objects, 127
      parent of, 129
      premature termination (runtime error), 300
      program vs., 50
      property (see script property)
      running
            from another script, 118
            automatic location, 25
            contextual menu, 24
            double-clicking, 26
            editor, 14
            keyboard shortcut, 24
            login, 27
            menu, 22
            run handler is what runs, 98
            run handler taking parameters, 148
            scheduled, 426
            from Unix, 412
            user actions, responding to, 420, 428
            web page request, respond to, 423
            (see also AppleScript, places for using)
      script object, is a, 51, 96, 109
      scripting component operand, 51
      structure of, 93-100
      target, implicit, 183
      verb (to drive), 50
      (see also compiled script file; script object; top level)
Script Application Component, 59
Script Assistant (Script Editor), 16
script bundle, 56
      compatibility problems, 57
      contents, viewing with Script Editor, 411
      example, 410
      locating resources inside, 369
      secondary script file inside, 121
Script Debugger, xxi, 18, 516
      Apple events displayed, 40
      AppleScript's dictionary shown, 343
      attachability, erstwhile, 71
      classes, multiple listings unified, 357
      closes files left open, 373
      code coverage provided, 379
      commands and classes cross-referenced, 356
      compiled script file contains text, 59
      context of saved script object shown, 178
      debuggable, makes AppleScript, 18
      dictionary display, 329
      element specifiers shown, 337
      enumerations fully displayed, 334
      escaped characters displayed, 84, 226
      four-letter codes displayed, 327, 330
      inherited attributes unified, 336
      libraries, makes portable, 122
      line break characters displayed, 84, 226
      missing scripting additions identified, 362
      object model displayed live, 18, 338
      path to me command works, 369
      path to resource command works, 369
      persistence implemented, 117
      persistent data in compiled script file shown, 121
      picture data displayed as picture, 221
      record distinguished from class, 339
      scripting component instance different for each script, 107
      speed, 385
            helps measure, 379
      start log, stop log work properly, 280
      suites avoidable, 329, 342
      tell block, shortcuts for entering, 387
      version used in this book, xvi
      (see also script editor application)
Script Editor, 15
      class not distinguished from record, 339
      contextual menu, 16
      dictionary display, 16
            improved in Tiger, 329
      element specifiers omitted, 337, 346
      enumerator display, 334
      file formats created by, 57
      inherited attributes in, 336
      Panther bug, balks at coercing file to alias, 251
      path to me command broken, 369
      path to resource command broken, 369
      persistence destroyed, 117
      persistent data destroyed, 121
      POSIX pathname with colon fails, 234
      script bundle contents shown, 411
      scriptability, 395
      speed, 385
      start log, stop log not understood, 280
      tell block, shortcut for entering, 387
      version used in this book, xvi
      (see also script editor application)
script editor application, 14
      AppleScript, needn't know, 46
      default, 15
      how compiles, pretty-prints, and runs code, 47
      Script Debugger, 18
      Script Editor, 15
      Smile, 17
script keyword, 94
Script menu, 23
      Apple's global, 24
            Automator workflow in, 32
            persistence bug (and workaround), 118
            runtime errors fail silently, 302
            slow, 384
            System Events responsible for, 397
      BBEdit, 23
      Entourage, 10
      FastScripts, 24
      iTunes, 10
      Mail, 24
      persistence and, 118
      target application's, fastest, 384
      various applications, 23
script object, 94, 109-133
      AppleScript, 129
      closures, 175
      coercion, string (Jon's Commands), 356
      context, 178
      current application, 129
      definition, 93, 109
            code, is not, 99
            initializes variable, 104, 109, 111
            scope region, 156
            top level, 99
            top-level entity, 109
            where legal, 109
      free variables in, 171
            closures, 175
      in handler
            can see handler's locals, 152, 162
            definition must precede reference, 160
            not persistent, 117
      inheritance, 123
            calling inherited handler, 126
            passing parameters to run handler, 149
            polymorphism, 125
            script is implicit parent, 127
      me keyword represents, 193
      as parameter, 151
      parent, 123
            nested script object, 127
            non-script object, 128, 130
            script as a whole, implicitly, 127
      passed by reference, 140
      persistence, 114
            implementing with store script, 120
      property (see script property)
      reading compiled script file as, 118
            can create undeclared variable, 170
            loads context (closure), 178
      reference as result of, 219
      as result of handler, 153
            closure, 176
            constructed, 155
            customized, 154
      run handler (see run handler)
      running, 110
            run handler is what runs, 98
            run handler taking parameters, 148
      saving as compiled script file, 118
            saves context (closure), 178
      scope block, 109
      script as a whole, 96
      set command sets by reference, 102, 112
      target, implicit, 183
      top-level entity, 109, 113
            not, if not defined at top level, 160
      as variable, 105, 111
      (see also top-level entity)
script property, 111
      declaration, 111
            sets by reference, 111
      initialization, 111
      persistence and reinitialization, 115
      recommended over global, 170
      scope, 158
      as static variable, 165
      top-level entity, 113
      top-level, accessible by global declaration, 166
      (see also top-level entity)
script runner, 22
script text file, 58
      line breaks, 84
Script Timer, 426, 517
scriptability, 6
      AppleScript Studio application, adding, 472
      applet, 433, 435, 436
      Cocoa application, adding, 459-472, 521
            pre-Tiger, 474
      customizability and, 10
      droplet, 435
      internal, 18
      modes of, 69
            attachable, 70
            recordable, 70
scriptable, 36, 69
      application, knowing whether, 6-7, 342
      (see also application, scriptable)
scripting addition, 60, 359-377
      coercion, can define, 359
      coercion, dictionary doesn't list, 356
      command, handler with same name, 317
      dictionary, 62
      event (command), can define, 359
      event handlers defined by, 147, 359
      installing and loading dynamically, 363
      loading, 362
            from within application, 61, 362
      locations, 60, 362
      Mac OS X-native vs. Classic, 361
      missing, 68
            from other user's machine, 362
            generates four-letter code, 68, 326
      osascript command, dialogs illegal, 364
      record (pseudo-class), can define, 359
      remote applications, 390
      repository, online, 361, 521
      script communicates with, how, 61
      scriptable application vs., 360
      speed, 383
      targeted, can't be, 181
      terminology clash, 61, 320
            notorious source of, 322
      writing, 520
scripting components command, 377
scripting languages, 50
      AppleScript Debugger, 45
      JavaScript OSA, 44
      OSA implements, 44
      OSABridge, 45
      QuicKeys Script, 44
      UserTalk, 44
scripting languages vs. programming languages, 50
scriptSuite and scriptTerminology, 62
      generating from sdef, 475
sdef, 63
      alternative value types expressible, 349
      can be dictionary in Tiger, 63, 330
      classes can list commands they obey, 356
      command and events distinguished, 340
      comments extensive and formatted, 358
      compatibility, 330
      converting to scriptSuite and scriptTerminology, 475
      creating, 461
      distinguishes record from class, 339
      improved in Tiger, 63, 330
      introduced in Panther, 63
Sdef Editor, 461, 521
sdp, 63, 474
second-level evaluation, 307
      converting list to record, 253
      entering four-letter codes, 326
      variable for record item name, 243
seconds
      converting to, 273
      date stored as, 223
seconds (date property), 224
security (hiding script contents), 58
select command, 354
selection, 353
      learning with GUI scripting, 405
      setting, 354
selection-object class, 216
sender, 35
      blocking another, 296
Sentman, James, 424
September (constant), 277
sequential read and write, 370
server
      AppleShare or Samba, 376
      finding, 366
      web (CGI), 423
      XML-RPC or SOAP, 392
            targeting dynamically, 394
Services menu, run script from, 24, 517
services, web, 392
set by reference, 102, 111, 237
set command, 101
      can't be nested, 83
      copy command, difference from, 102
      direct object required, 191
      efficiency, 112
      event handler illegal, 148
      script objects and, 112
      short-circuited resolution of, 181
set end of, vs. concatenation, 266
set eof command, 372
set the clipboard to command, 374
set volume command, 367
sh, 407
      OSA language, 45
shadow (constant), 276
shared variable (see global)
shell
      escaping string for, 226
      interactive, 408
      parsing and quotation rules, 409
      Unicode text, creating, 230
      user's might differ from do shell script command's, 407
Sholdt, Chuck, xxi
short date string (date property), 225
short-circuited terminology, 181
short-circuiting (boolean operators), 259, 260
shut down computer, 396
side effect, 135
single quotes (')
      four-letter code, delimiting, 40
      string comparisons and, 299
sips (Unix tool), 398
Siracusa, John, 56
slash (/), division (real) operator, 258
sleep computer, 396
small caps (constant), 276
small integer, 222
Smalltalk, 76, 80
Smile, 17, 517
      AppleScript's dictionary shown, 343
      attachable, 71
      compiles and executes individual lines, 53
      start log, stop log not understood, 280
SOAP, 392-395, 520, 522
      example, 12
            general, 394
software, mentioned in this book, 516
some (element specifier), 198
sound, 367
      file, save text-to-speech as, 367
space
      names containing, 107
      string comparisons and, 299
space (global property), 272
SpamSieve, 11, 518
specialties, combining, 11
specifier
      element (see element, specifier)
      object, 40
      object string, 206
      value type, in dictionary, 331
speech, 367
      recognition, 398
            text in microphone window, 367
SpeechRecognitionServer, 398
      example, 368
speed, 378-385
      AppleScript, in general, 53, 378
      context of execution, 384
      list access, 382
      list vs. string, 254
      loops, 283, 379
      measuring, 379
      run-only scripts, 57
      scripting additions, 383
splash screen (applet), 431
splitting strings, 227
sqlite (Unix tool), 399
SQLite database, 399
stack overflow
      empty run handler, 110
      recursion depth, 150
Standard Suite, 342, 343
      creating, 461
      presence doesn't prove scriptability, 342
StandardAdditions, 61, 363-377
      dictionary lies, 349
      folder action event handlers, 147, 422
      terminology conflicts, 322, 325
      Unicode compatibility improved in Tiger, 251, 364
start log command, 280
starts with (synonym for begins with), 264
startup screen (applet), 431
state, maintenance of
      beyond scripting component instance, 49
      OSA scripting component, 48
      target application, 296
static variable, 165
stay-open applet, 431
      problems quitting, 433
Stone, Andrew, 521
stop log command, 280
store script command, 119
      stores context (closure), 178
strikethrough (constant), 276
string, 225
      coercion, 249
            alias, 251
            boolean, 249, 259
            class or constant, 250
            constant, 275
            date, 250
            list, 253
            number, 249, 257
            POSIX file, 252
            script object (Jon's Commands), 356
            Unicode text and styled text, 250
            version, 274
      comparison, 260
            string considerations govern, 298
      concatenation, 265
            set end of (list), more efficient, 266
            Unicode text, 265
      considerations, 277, 298
            offset command and, 374
            scriptable applications ignore, 270, 299
      containment, 262
            string considerations govern, 298
      display, 84
      do shell script command and, 408
      element, 226
            character, 227
            paragraph, 227
            text, 227
            text item, 227
            word, 227
      empty, 225
      encodings, 228
      escaped characters in literal, 225
      joining, 253, 265
      line breaks within, 84
      long literal, breaking, 85
      in object string specifier, 207, 292
      osascript, constructing for, 414
      property, 226
            length, 226
            quoted form, 226
      size of, 226, 279
      splitting, 227
      styled text disguised as, 231
      substrings, 227
            counting, 227
            finding, 374
      transforming to list and back, 254
      vs. Unicode text, 228
      (see also Unicode text class)
StuffIt Expander, 422, 518
      dictionary lies, 349
style constants, 276
styled text class, 230
      coercion, 250
subclass, 336
subcontainer, implicit, 345
subroutine (see handler)
subscript (constant), 276
substrings, 227
      counting, 227
      finding, 374
subtraction, 258
suite, 341
      AppleScript's dictionary, 343
      called harmful, 329, 341
      class can appear in more than one, 357
      Core, 342, 343
      escaping with Script Debugger, 329, 342
      Folder Actions, 422
      Macintosh Connectivity Classes, 342
      Miscellaneous, 342
      Required, 342
      Standard, 342, 343
            creating, 461
            presence doesn't prove scriptability, 342
      standardization, 342
      Text, 342, 344
            presence doesn't prove scriptability, 342
      Type Names, 343
summarize command, 374
Sunday (constant), 277
superclass, 336
superscript (constant), 276
synonyms, 78, 90
      behind (for after), 200
      called harmful, 90
      class plural (for every), 199
      comes after (for >), 261
      comes before (for <), 261
      does not come after (for £), 262
      does not come before (for ), 262
      how listed in this book, 90
      in (for of operator), 185
      in back of (for after), 200
      in front of (for before), 200
      is (for =), 261
      is equal to (for =), 261
      is greater than (for >), 261
      is less than (for <), 261
      is not (for ), 261
      is not equal to (for is not), 261
      is not greater than (for £), 262
      is not less than (for ), 262
      its (for of it), 191
      my (for of me), 193
      starts with (for begins with), 264
      text (for string, in coercions), 250
      through (for thru), 199
      to (for on), 134
      whose (for where), 201
system
      extensions (pre-Mac OS X), 401
      folders, getting location of, 369
      getting information about, 368
      liberal in interpreting string as date, 222
      postman for Apple events, 38
system attribute command, 368
System Events, 396-397
      Finder, handles some commands to, 390
      folder actions, 420-422
      GUI scripting, 401
      path to, terminology conflict, 325
      Script Menu, responsible for, 397
system info command, 368
System Preferences, scriptability, 405
System Profiler, 395

T[ Top ]
\t (tab) character
      literal strings, 225
            changed to whitespace, 84, 226
      string comparisons and, 299
      tab global property, 272
      variable names, 107
tab (global property), 272
Take Control ebooks, 32
target, 35, 180, 183
      applet, prevent seeking prematurely, 294
      application class specifier, 220, 292
            getting the name right, 387
            multiple versions of application, 387
      complete, 187
            chain of ofs and tells, 185
            determination of, 189
            reference is, 196
      determination of, 189
      dynamic, 218
      handler call sent to, 189
      implicit, 183
            current application, 133
      it keyword represents, 191
      multiple commands to same, 186
      nested, 189
      partial, 185
      reference as, 208, 386
      remote, 293, 366
      script (me keyword), 193, 320
      script object, 110
      scripting addition can't be, 181
      specifying, 183
            dynamically, 294
            in place of direct object, 183
            tell block, 184, 292, 386
            as variable, 293
            without resolving terminology, 292, 386
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, 393
target application (see application, target)
Tcl (as OSA language), 45
tcsh, 407
telephone call, run scripts in response, 427
tell block, 291
      advantages, 186
      application name, getting right, 387
      chain of ofs and tells, 185
      dictionary, causes loading of, 313
      four-letter codes, instead of, 325
      nested, referring to higher-level target, 187, 191
      nesting with terms block, 293, 314
      reference, instead of, 210
      shortcuts for entering, 387
      single-line version, 291
      specifying target, 184, 292, 386
      targeting script from within, 193, 321
      terminology within, 188, 292, 386
            resolution of, 313
      top-level entity, accessing, 114
      when to use, vs. of operator, 187, 292, 386
      when to use, vs. terms block, 292, 386
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, targeting, 393
tell keyword, 184
Terminal, 452, 457
termination line, block, 91
      abbreviating, 92, 281
termination, premature
      program (runtime error), 300
            avoiding, 303
      repeat block, 283, 303
terminology, 311
      AppleScript (see aeut)
      AppleScript Studio, 442
            using elsewhere, 478
      clash, 63, 77, 194, 312, 315-323
            AppleScript's dictionary helps explain, 343
            defective dictionary causes, 348
            end transaction, FileMaker Pro, 297
            four-letter code, avoiding with, 326
            may prevent compilation (or not), 315
            me keyword, relationship to, 193, 320
            pretty-printing can help detect, 318
            record item name, 242
            resolving, 320
            scripting additions, 61, 322
            vertical bars prevent, 108, 194, 320
      constructing dynamically, 307
      different for every application, 63, 77
      event handler, 359
      hidden, 343
      multiple-word, 328
      remote application, 389
      resolution, 311, 312-323
            compilation and, 64, 292
            four-letter code avoids need for, 325
            references and, 210, 386
            tell block, 186, 292, 386
            terms block, 292
            terms in scope and, 188
            without targeting, 292, 386
      scripting addition, 360
      standardization, 342
      (see also dictionary)
terms block, 292
      applet behavior, improves, 294
      dictionary, causes loading of, 313
      dictionary, specifies, 292, 314
      dynamic targeting and, 294
      nesting with tell block, 293, 314
      remote applications and, 293, 389
      resolution of terminology within, 313
      when to use, vs. tell block, 292, 386
Terry, Michael, xxii, 145
test, boolean (see boolean test)
Tex-Edit Plus, 357, 518
text
      clipboard, read and write, 374
      encodings, 228
      file, read and write to, 370
      line breaks and compilation, 84
      Unix and AppleScript, passing between, 409
      user enters, 364
      (see also string)
text (string element), 227
text (synonym for string in coercions), 250
text class
      is its own plural, 335
      vs. string, 226
text file
      creating, 370
      read and write, 370
      script, 58
text item (string element), 227
text item delimiters (global property), 227, 253, 272
      terminology resolution trouble, 328
text style constants, 276
Text Suite, 342, 344
      presence doesn't prove scriptability, 342
text to speech, 367
TextEdit
      close without saving, can't, 357
            workaround with GUI scripting, 405
      scriptability substandard, 395
      selection, not implemented, 353
            workaround with GUI scripting, 405
the, 78, 92
the clipboard command, 375
then keyword, 281
      omission of, 282
thousands separator illegal, 222
threading, 426
through (synonym for thru), 199
throw (error), 300, 301
thru (preposition), 143
thru keyword, 199
Thursday (constant), 277
ticks, 363, 379
TidBITS, 409, 442
Tiger
      AppleScript Studio window management changed, 450
      application short name works in specifier, 387
      Automator introduced, 32
      choose remote application command introduced, 366
      display alert command introduced, 365
      forks, multiple, 56
      Mail loses Script menu, 24
      month (date property) settable by integer, 224
      path to me command improved, 369
      quote global property introduced, 272
      remote targeting, scripting addition dialogs disabled, 390
      run handler can receive parameters from osascript, 414
      scripting addition dialogs in osascript blocked coherently, 413
      sdef can be dictionary, 63, 330
      sdef format improved, 63, 330
      system info command introduced, 368
      Unicode compatibility improved, 228, 251, 265
      version coercion changed, 250
      version used in this book, xvi
      weekday coercible to integer, 250
time (date property), 224
time (see date)
time string (date property), 225
time to GMT command, 376
time zones, 223, 376
time, trigger script at a certain, 426
timeout, 36, 295
      handling, 307
timeout block, 296
times keyword, 284
to (synonym for on), 134
to keyword (in range specifier), 199
today, 376
tokens, 52
toolbar, launching scripts from, 26
top level
      block, 95
      global lives at, 164
      name, 128, 129, 166
      parent of, 129
      parent of script objects, implicit, 128
      script, 96
      script object or handler definition, 99
      top-level entities of, referring to, 128, 167
      variable, undeclared, 167
top-level entity, 93, 113, 157
      accessible on demand, 113
      applet scriptable with respect to, 437
      assign and retrieve value, 113
      closure, captured by, 176
      definition is initialization, 104
      free variable, 171
      handler call automatically accesses, 131
      handler has no, 162
      inheritance chain, sought in, 123
      overshadowing of name, 158, 161
      persistence, 114
            implementing with store script, 120
      redeclaration, 174
      reference to, creating, 217
      run script command, not visible to, 307
      scope, 158
      at top level, referring to, 128, 167
      value in loaded script context, 179
      visible before its definition, 159
transaction, 296
      ID, 296
transaction block, 297
tree (see hierarchy)
trigonometric functions, 6, 76
true, 221, 276
      with, replaced by, 144, 146
truncating a file, 372
try block, 302
      exiting repeat block, 283
      improving code structure with, 304
      nesting, 306
Tuesday (constant), 277
type, 182, 333
      value types in dictionary, 330
            alternative, 333, 349
            wrongly listed, 349
type class, 182, 333
Type Names Suite, 343

U[ Top ]
UI Actions, 428, 518
UI Browser, 404, 517
UI element class, 403
UIElementInspector, 404
unary operator, 256
uncaught errors, 301
undeclared variable, 158, 167
      called harmful, 169
undefine variable, 104, 136
under (preposition), 143
underline (constant), 276
Unicode, 228
      do shell script command and, 408
      string comparisons and, 300
Unicode text class, 228
      coercion, 250
            alias, buggy, 252
            path to command, 356
      concatenation with string, 265
      creating a literal, 229
      display, 228
      do shell script command and, 408
      vs. string, 228
      (see also string)
units (Unix tool), 255
units, measurement, 255, 273
Universal Access, 403
Unix, 407-417
      calling AppleScript from, 30, 411-417
      calling from AppleScript, 407-411
      learning, 523
      line-break character (\n), 84
            do shell script command and, 408
unscriptable applications, 401-406
until keyword, 285
upper case class, 343
URL
      applescript, 30
      eppc, 388
      opening, 8, 377
      XML-RPC or SOAP server, 393
URL Access Scripting, 398
user
      actions
            run script in response to, 428
            simulating, 401
      environment variables, 368
      getting info about, 396
      interaction (see interface)
      targeting (see remote application)
user domain, terminology conflict, 325
user handler, 146
      applet, scriptable in, 436
      instead of event handler, 427
user property, 241
UserLand Frontier (see Frontier)
UserTalk, 22, 44
      Apple events, sending with, 511
      bundle construct, 92
      (see also Frontier)
using terms from (see terms block)
usrf (list of user properties), 241
UTF-16 encoding, 228, 408
UTF-8 encoding, 230, 408
UTI (Uniform Type Identifier), 365

V[ Top ]
value
      assigning to variable, 101, 182
            no implicit coercion, 245
      attribute, reference vs. copy, 196
      class, 182
            testing, 245
      coercion, 244
      constant, 275
      datatype, 182, 220
            converting, 244
            testing, 245
      default, of parameter, 142
      file object specifier, 232
      free variable, 171
      global properties, shared between scripts, 271
      handler as, 138
      handler call, 135
            none, 136
      initial, 104
      missing, 276
      numeric, approximation, 257
      object-like qualities, 180
      pass by, 140
            guaranteeing, 141
      passing to handler, 139
      placeholders for unassigned, 104
      record item name is not, 243
      reference, 208
      returned, 135
      script object as, 111
      top-level entity, 113
      type (in dictionary), 330
            alternative, 333, 349
            wrongly listed, 349
      undefined, 103
      variable, 100
            retrieving from, 103
variable, 100
      application object specifier, 292
      assignment, 101
            multiple, 236, 240
            no implicit coercion, 245
      class, 182
            can be assigned value of any, 182
      coercion, can't be used for class in, 246
      constant is not, 275
      declaration legal in control structure, 170
      declaration not required, 103, 169
            called harmful, 106, 169
      defined, learning whether, 104
      definition, 103
      file object specifier, 232
      file URL can be assigned to, 234
      free (see free variable)
      global (see global)
      handler as, 138
      initialization, 104
      kinds, 157
            determined at compile time, 158
      local (see local)
      name, 105
            case of, 105, 107
            legalizing with vertical bars, 107
            misspelled, 106
            persistent and shared between scripts, 106
            same as class name, 316, 317
            same as command name, 315
            same as constant name, 316
            same as property name, 317, 318
      object string specifier, 207, 292
      predefined, 271
      record item name, 243
      redeclaration, 172
      scope, 157
            determined at compile time, 158
      script object as, 111
      shared, 164
      static, 165
      target application as, 293, 294
      typed (not), 105
      undeclared, 158, 167
            called harmful, 169
      undefine, 104, 136
      user environment, 368
      value, retrieving, 103
      visibility (see scope)
      where lives, 100
      (see also top-level entity)
vector, 237
verb-first dispatch, 477
version (global property), 274
      AppleScript, 44
version class, 274
      coercion
            real, 250
            string, 274
      comparing version strings, 299
version of software used in this book, xvi
vertical bars (|)
      appear spontaneously, 320
      in comment delimiters, 89
      legalize illegal variable names, 107
      prevent terminology clash, 108, 194, 320
      record item name (user property), 242
      retarget handler call, 194
      variable names, 107
visibility (see scope)
vocabulary (see terminology)
volume, mounting shared, 376
volume, sound, 367
Voss, Dustin, 521

W[ Top ]
web server (CGI), 423
web services, 392
WebSTAR event, 423
Wednesday (constant), 277
weekday
      coercion, integer, 250
      name of, 277
weekday (date property), 224
weeks (global property), 274
"Where is . . . ?" dialog, 387
where keyword, 201
while keyword, 284
white space (constant), 277
whitespace, 83, 84, 226
      bytecode decompilation and, 55
      changed during decompilation, 54, 85
      coercion to zero, 249
      ignored when coercing string to number, 249
      may follow continuation character, 85
      names containing, 107
      string comparisons and, 299
whose (synonym for where), 201
Wilde, Ethan, 522
Windows line break (\r\n), 84, 227
Windows shared volumes, 376
with (boolean parameter), 144, 146
with block, 295
with data (make command), 352
with properties (make command), 352
without (boolean parameter), 144, 146
Word, 354, 357, 518
word (string element), 227
workflow, 11
      Automator, 32
            in Finder contextual menu, 32
            in global Script Menu, 32
write command, 371

X[ Top ]
XCMD, 361
Xcode, 441, 516
      project, 441
            building, 441
            interface, designing, 441
Xcode Tools, 441
XML, parsing, 397
XML-RPC, 12, 392-395, 520, 522

Y[ Top ]
year (date property), 224
yes (constant), 276

Z[ Top ]
zones, time, 223, 376