O’Reilly Verlag

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    Beispiele |

Symbols[ Top ]
# for comments, 24, 27
-? flag (httpd/apache), 39

A[ Top ]
access control, 107-110
      anonymous access, 117-120
      checking, 466-471
      configuration and request information, 504
      configuration information, 417
      logging accesses, 193
      request information, 417
      server information, 71
access.conf file, 120
AccessFileName directive, 122
acquire_event( ), 519
acquire_semaphore( ), 519
ACTION attribute (HTML), 293-295
Action directive, 355
actions, CGI and, 355-356
AddAlt directive, 149
AddAltByEncoding directive, 151
AddAltByType directive, 150
AddDescription directive, 149
AddEncoding directive, 128
AddHandler directive, 130, 203, 354
      type maps, 137
AddIcon directive, 148
AddIconByEncoding directive, 151
AddIconByType directive, 150
AddModuleInfo directive, 201
addresses
      email, for automatic replies, 70
      IP (see IP addresses)
      loopback, 47
      web, 10
adduser command, 44, 111
alarms, 535
      API functions, 534-536
alias command (Unix), 51
alias module, 162-169
aliases, hosts, 71
AliasMatch directive, 167
All option (Options), 80
allow directive, 107-110, 203
AllowOverride directive, 123, 450
alternate text for browsers, 149
anonymous access, 117-120
Anonymous directive, 118
Anonymous_Authoritative directive, 119
Anonymous_LogEmail directive, 118
Anonymous_MustGiveEmail directive, 119
Anonymous_NoUserID directive, 118
Anonymous_VerifyEmail directive, 119
Apache
      history of, xiii
      multiple copies, 90-93
      restarting, 82
      Tomcat connection, 389
      under Win32 (see Win32)
      versions of, xii, 15
Apache 2.0, porting to, 494
Apache API, 404, 499-552
      documentation, 404
      (see also API)
apache command flags, 38
Apache Portable Runtime (APR), 405
Apache -SSL, 219
Apache v1.3, mod_ssl and, 224
Apache v2, SSL and, 227
apachect1 script, 43
apache.exe, 4, 34
Apache::PerlRun, mod_perl and, 361
ap_acquire_mutex( ), 518
ap_add_cgi_vars( ), 516
ap_add_common_vars( ), 516
ap_add_version_component( ), 540
ap_allow_options( ), 538
ap_allow_overrides( ), 539
ap_auth_name( ), 539
ap_auth_type( ), 539
ap_bclose( ), 547
ap_bcreate( ), 542
ap_bfileno( ), 544
ap_bflush( ), 546
ap_bgetc( ), 545
ap_bgetflag( ), 544
ap_bgetopt( ), 543
ap_bgets( ), 545
ap_blookc( ), 545
ap_bnonblock( ), 544
ap_bonerror( ), 544
ap_bprintf( ), 546
ap_bpushfd( ), 543
ap_bpushh( ), 543
ap_bputc( ), 546
ap_bputs( ), 546
ap_bread( ), 545
ap_bsetflag( ), 544
ap_bsetopt( ), 543
ap_bskiplf( ), 545
ap_bspawn_child( ), 515
ap_bvputs( ), 546
ap_bwrite( ), 545
ap_can_exec( ), 515
ap_cfg_closefile( ), 537
ap_cfg_getc( ), 536
ap_check_alarm( ), 536
ap_check_cmd_context( ), 537
ap_checkmask( ), 524
ap_child_terminate( ), 548
ap_clear_pool( ), 505
ap_clear_table( ), 510
ap_close_piped_log( ), 542
ap_create_mutex( ), 518
ap_default_port( ), 548
ap_default_port_for_scheme( ), 549
ap_default_type( ), 549
ap_destroy_mutex( ), 518
ap_error_log2stderr( ), 541
ap_escape_html( ), 524
ap_find_last_token( ), 524
ap_fnmatch( ), 528
ap_get_basic_auth_pw( ), 549
ap_get_module_config( ), 549
ap_get_remote_host( ), 530
ap_get_remote_logname( ), 550
ap_get_server_built( ), 540
ap_get_server_name( ), 550
ap_get_server_port( ), 550
ap_get_server_version( ), 540
ap_http_method( ), 549
API functions, 505
      alarms, 534-536
      array functions, 506
      buffers, 542-547
      CGI functions, 514-516
      cleanup functions, 510-512
      configuration, 536-540
      file functions, 512
      filename functions, 526-529
      groups, 529
      I/O, 530-533
      logging, 541
      MD5, 517
      miscellaneous, 548-552
      path functions, 526-529
      piped logs, 542
      pool functions, 505
      process functions, 514-516
      regular expressions, 513
      request-handling, 533
      server information, 540
      sockets, 512
      string functions, 522-525
      synchronization functions, 518-521
      table functions, 508-510
      TCP/IP, 530-533
      thread functions, 518-521
      time and date functions, 521
      timeout, 534-536
      URIs, 547
      URL manipulation, 526-529
      users, 529
ap_ind( ), 525
ap_is_default_port( ), 549
ap_is_empty_table( ), 508
ap_is_fnmatch( ), 529
ap_is_initial_req( ), 550
ApJServAction directive, 381
ApJServDefaultHost directive, 379
ApJServDefaultProtocol directive, 379
ApJServeDefaultPort directive, 380
ApJServLogFile directive, 378
ApJServLogLevel directive, 379
ApJServMount directive, 381
ApJServMountCopy directive, 381
ApJServProperties directive, 378
ApJServProtocolParameter directive, 380
ApJServSecretKey directive, 380
ApJServVMTimeout directive, 380
ap_kill_cleanups_for_socket( ), 512
ap_log_error( ), 541
ap_log_reason( ), 542
ap_make_dirstr_parent( ), 526
ap_make_dirstr_prefix( ), 526
ap_matches_request_vhost( ), 550
ap_md5( ), 517
ap_md5contextTo64( ), 517
ap_md5digest( ), 517
ap_MD5Final( ), 517
ap_MD5Init( ), 517
ap_MD5Update( ), 517
ap_note_cleanups_for_file( ), 512
ap_note_cleanups_for_socket( ), 511
ap_open_mutex( ), 518
ap_open_piped_log( ), 542
ap_os_canonical_filename( ), 529
ap_os_dso_error( ), 551
ap_os_dso_load( ), 550
ap_os_dso_sym( ), 551
ap_os_dso_unload( ), 551
ap_os_is_path_absolute( ), 514
ap_overlay_tables( ), 510
ap_parse_hostinfo_components( ), 547
ap_parse_uri_components( ), 547
ap_pcfg_open_custom( ), 536
ap_pcfg_openfile( ), 536
ap_pclosedir( ), 551
ap_pclosesocket( ), 513
ap_pduphostent( ), 548
append_arrays( ), 507
ap_pgethostbyname( ), 548
ap_piped_log_write_fd( ), 542
ap_popendir( ), 551
ap_pregfree( ), 514
ap_pregsub( ), 514
ap_psignature( ), 551
ap_psocket( ), 513
ap_psprintf( ), 525
ap_pvsprintf( ), 525
APR (Apache Portable Runtime), 405
ap_release_mutex( ), 518
ap_requires( ), 539
ap_rflush( ), 532
ap_rind( ), 525
ap_rwrite( ), 531
ap_satisfies( ), 540
ap_scan_script_header( ), 516
ap_scan_script_header_err( ), 516
ap_scan_script_header_err_buff( ), 516
ap_send_fb( ), 531
ap_send_fb_length( ), 531
ap_send_mmap( ), 531
ap_send_size( ), 533
ap_server_root_relative( ), 529
ap_set_file_slot( ), 537
ap_set_flag_slot( ), 537
ap_set_string_slot( ), 538
ap_set_string_slot_lower( ), 538
ap_str_tolower( ), 525
ap_table_do( ), 510
ap_unparse_uri_components( ), 548
ap_vbprintf( ), 546
ap_vformatter( ), 552
arguments, hooks, 419
array functions, API, 506
array_cat( ), 507
Astronomical Instrument Markup Language, 396
asymmetric key encryption, 209
AuthDBMGroupFile directive, 112
AuthDBMUserFile directive, 110, 112
AuthDBUserFile directive, 110
authentication, 2
      anonymous access, 117-120
      checking, 470
      controlling access, 107-110
      digest authentication, 99, 113-116
      directives for, 100-104
      .htaccess file (see .htaccess file)
      user information, 120
AuthGroupFile directive, 100
AuthName directive, 100
AuthType directive, 100, 114
AuthUserFile directive, 100
await_thread( ), 520

B[ Top ]
base URL, rewriting, 172
bastion hosts, 215
binary releases of Apache, 33
BindAddress directive, 91
Bioinformation Sequence Markup Language, 396
block directives, 66-69
block_alarms( ), 535
BrowserMatch directive, 357
BrowserMatchNoCase directive, 357
browsers
      HTTP 1.1 and, 139
      icons and, 149
      imagemaps, 156
      languages and, 134
bucket brigades, 426
bucket interface, 427
buckets, 426
      file buckets, 427
      pipe buckets, 427
      socket buckets, 427
buffers
      API functions, 542-547
      fixed-length, 493
bugs, keepalives and Netscape, 74
bytes_in_free_blocks( ), 505
bytes_in_pool( ), 505

C[ Top ]
CA certificates, acquiring, 259
CacheDefaultExpire directive, 184
CacheDirLength directive, 185
CacheDirLevels directive, 185
CacheGcInterval directive, 184
CacheLastModifiedFactor directive, 184
CacheMaxExpire directive, 184
CacheNegotiatedDocs directive, 185
CacheRoot directive, 183
caches, global session cache, 232
CacheSize directive, 184
caching data, 183-188
      configuring, 186-190
call_exec( ), 515
calling functions, hooks, 418
can_exec( ), 529
"cannot determine local hostname", 46
carriage returns and line feeds (CRLF), 10
CAs (certificate authorities), 211-213
CERN metafiles, 83
certificate authorities (see CAs)
certificates, 211-213
      CAs, acquiring, 259
      demo client certificate, 258
      exporting to CGIs, 239
      root certificates, 212
      server certificates, 232
      test certificates, 229-232
      WOT (Web of Trust), 212
cfg_getline( ), 536
cgi-bin directory, 4, 318
CGI::Carp module, 342
CGI (Common Gateway Interface), 4, 317-356
      actions and, 355-356
      Alias directive and, 162
      Apache handlers for, 131, 353
      debugging scripts, 342
      directives, 344-346
      environment variables, 334-358
      executing scripts as includes, 302, 305
      mod_perl and, 365
      output to shells, 218
      script location, 318
      suEXEC wrapper (Unix), 346-353
CGI functions, API, 514-516
cgi option (exec command), 302, 305
cgi-script handler, 353
chains of certificates, 213
chdir_file( ), 527
CheckSpelling directive, 177
Chemical Markup Language (CML), 396
child exits, 476
child initialization, 455
child_exit( ), 476
chmod command, 50
cipher suites, 251-256
cleanup functions, API, 510-512
cleanup_for_exec( ), 511
clear_pool( ), 505
clients, 9
close_unused_listeners( ), 406, 500
cmd option (exec command), 303, 305
cmd_how structure, 448
cmd_parms structure, 448
CML (Chemical Markup Language), 396
Cocoon, 393, 397
      JServ and, 397
      testing, 401
      Tomcat and, 400
collisions, filter names, 432
command table, 447-451
command_rec structure, 448
comments in Configuration file, 24, 27
Common Gateway Interface (see CGI)
compiling Apache
      under Unix (making), 28
      under Win32, 36
conditional URL rewriting, 173
conf directory, 4, 37
      specifying location of, 56
Conf file, Tomcat, 388
config command, 302
configtest flag (apachect1), 43
configuration
      API functions, 536-540
      Config file, Apache-SSL, 221-223
      information on, 417, 504
      mod_perl use, 369-371
      modules, 406-412, 442-477, 500-504
      preconfiguration, 444
      proxy servers, 186-190
      settings and rules, 27
      Unix server, 40-51
      Win32 server, 52-55
configuration file, Apache, 23
      anonymous access, 117
      digest authentication, 115
      httpd.conf, 44
      logging, 192
      rewriting example, 175
      type maps, 136
      virtual hosting, 87-90
CONNECT method (HTTP), 292
constructs, unsafe, mod_perl, 367
construct_server( ), 527
construct_url( ), 527
content negotiation, 132
Content-encoding header, 138
Content-language header, 138
Content-length header, 139
Content-type directive, 138
CookBook security, 258
CookieExpires directive, 337
CookieLog directive, 337
copy_array( ), 507
copy_array_hdr( ), 507
copy_listeners( ), 406, 500
copy_table( ), 508
CoreDumpDirectory directive, 72
"couldn't determine user name" error, 43
count_dirs( ), 526
CPU, limiting for CGI scripts, 346
create_event( ), 519
create_semaphore( ), 519
create_thread( ), 520
CRLF (carriage returns and line feeds), 10
cryptography (see encryption)
CustomLog directive, 197, 238

D[ Top ]
-d flag (httpd/apache), 38, 56
db_auth_module, 26
DBM files, 171
dbm_auth_module, 26
dbmmanage script, 110
debugging CGI scripts, 342
declarations, hooks, 418
      optional hooks, 420
decryption (see encryption)
DefaultIcon directive, 150
DefaultType directive, 127
DELETE method (HTTP), 292
deleting
      pools, 505
      suEXEC security against, 352
demo client certificate, 258
demonstration web sites, xiv
deny directive, 107-110
destroy_event( ), 520
destroy_pool( ), 505
destroy_semaphore( ), 519
destroy_sub_req( ), 534
digest authentication, 99, 113-116
digital signatures, security and, 208
directives
      JServ, 378-382
      SSL and, 233-256
directives, Apache, xv
      actions with CGI, 355-356
      anonymous access, 118-120
      authentication, 100-104
      caching, 183-185
      CGI scripts, 344-346
      cipher suites, 251
      environment variables, 334-358
      expiration, 84
      handlers, 131, 353
      HTTP response headers, 78-82
      indexing, 144-155
      limiting application of, 66-69, 75
      logging, 192-202
      metafiles, 83
      multiple Apache copies, 91-93
      overriding, 123
      proxy servers, 179
      redirection, 162-169
      rewriting URLs, 170-175
      user information, 120
directories
      controlling access to, 107
      execute permission for, 49
      home directory, 167
      indexes of (see indexing)
      limiting directives to, 68
      per-directory configuration, 410, 443, 445, 501
      Tomcat, 387
      web site, 4
<Directory> directive, 68
DirectoryIndex directive, 152-155
      type maps, 137
DMB files, 110-112
DNS, reverse lookup, 74
documentation
      AddDescription directive, 149
      Apache API, 404
      doxygen and, 404
      headers, 151
      mod_perl, 361
DocumentRoot directive, 55
      CGI scripts, 319
DOS window for Apache, 52
downgrade-1.0 variable, 358
doxygen, documentation and, 404

E[ Top ]
E language, 262
echo command, 302, 306
@echo off command, 319
email address for automatic replies, 70
encoding, 151
encoding (MIME), 125-127
      checking types, 471-473
      indexing by type, 150
encryption, 208-211
      asymmetric key encryption, 209
      cipher suites, 251-256
      digest authentication, 99, 113-116
      IDEA, 211
      (see also authentication)
environment variables, 334-358
      access control, 108
      printing, 302, 306
EROS (Extremely Reliable Operating System), 261
error messages, 2
ErrorDocument directive, 62
ErrorLog directive, 56, 193
errors
      HTTP codes for, 198, 440
      logging, 56, 193
      ServerAdmin directive, 70
      (see also troubleshooting)
escape_html( ), 528
escape_path_segment( ), 527
escape_shell_cmd( ), 524
/etc/hosts file, 51
/etc/inetd.conf file, 92
exec command, 214, 302, 305
ExecCGI option (Options), 80, 319
execute permission, 48
exit_thread( ), 520
expirations, 84
ExpiresActive directive, 84
ExpiresByType directive, 84
ExpiresDefault directive, 85
expiring
      cached documents, 184
      cookies, 337
      default time, 85
      SSL session keys, 235
      waiting for requests, 74
exporting certificates to CGIs, 239
Extensible Markup Language (see XML)
extensions, filename, 130, 354
      image negotiation, 133
      type maps, 137-139
external users, security and, 206-208
Extremely Reliable Operating System (EROS), 261

F[ Top ]
-f flag (httpd/apache), 38, 56
FancyIndexing directive, 147
file buckets, 427
file permissions, 48-50
      suEXEC utility, 349
filename extensions
      image negotiation, 133
      type maps, 137-139
filenames, API functions, 526-529
files
      CGI script location, 318
      DBM files, 110-112
      filename extensions, 130, 354
      functions, API, 512
      including in other, 305
      indexing, 143-160
      limiting directives to, 68
      logs (see logging)
      mod_perl, opening/closing, 368
      redirection, 162-177
      size, 303
      .var files (see type maps)
<Files> directive, 68
<FilesMatch> directive, 68
filters, 426
      buckets, 426
      collisions, 432
      input filters, 432-436
      layers, 426
      output filters, 428-432
filters (packet filtering), 214
find_token( ), 524
finger utility, 214
firewalls, 213-217
      packet filtering, 214
      separate networks, 214-217
fixed-length buffers, 493
fixing modules before running, 473
flags, mod_perl, 367
flastmod command, 303, 304
FollowSymLinks option (Options), 80, 82
FollowSymLinksIfOwnerMatch option (Options), 82
force-response-1.0 variable, 358
ForceType directive, 127
<FORM> tags (HTML), 293-295
format of log files, 194-196
formatted menus, 160
forms, 293-295
FQDNs (fully qualified domain names), 51
FreeBSD Unix, 13
free_thread( ), 521
freeware, 3
fsize command, 303
fullstatus flag (apachect1), 43
fully qualified domain names (FQDNs), 51
functions
      API, 505
            alarms, 534-536
            array functions, 506
            buffers, 542-547
            CGI functions, 514-516
            cleanup functions, 510-512
            configuration, 536-540
            file functions, 512
            filename functions, 526-529
            groups, 529
            I/O, 530-533
            logging, 541
            MD5, 517
            miscellaneous, 548-552
            path functions, 526-529
            piped logs, 542
            pool functions, 505
            process functions, 514-516
            regular expressions, 513
            request-handling, 533
            server information, 540
            sockets, 512
            string functions, 522-525
            synchronization functions, 518-521
            table functions, 508-510
            TCP/IP, 530-533
            thread functions, 518-521
            time and date functions, 521
            timeout, 534-536
            URIs, 547
            URL manipulation, 526-529
            users, 529
      hooks, 418
            calling, 418
            registering, 420
      optional functions, 423
            example, 424
      optional hooks, 421

G[ Top ]
gcache, global session cache, 233
GET method (HTTP), 292
get_client_block( ), 533
get_gmtoff( ), 521
get_local_host( ), 530
get_module_config( ), 449
getparents( ), 526
get_time( ), 521
get_token( ), 523
get_virthost_addr( ), 530
getword( ), 523
getword_conf( ), 523
getword_nulls( ), 523
getword_white( ), 523
global session cache, SSL and, 232
global variables, mod_perl, 365-367
gmake (GNU), mod_jserv and, 373
gm_timestr_822( ), 521
gname2id( ), 529
go script (example), 40, 52
graceful flag (apachect1), 43
group authentication, 116
Group directive, 45
groups
      API functions, 529
      creating, 44
      permissions (see permissions)

H[ Top ]
-h flag (httpd/apache), 38
handler_rec structure, 474
handlers, 474
      Apache, 131, 353
      JServ status handler, 382
      modules and, 439
hard_timeout( ), 534
HEAD method (HTTP), 292
HeaderName directive, 78, 151
headers
      HTTP response, 78-82
      parsing, 464
help flag (apachect1), 43
history of Apache, xiii
hooks, 417
      arguments, 419
      defining, 418
      exporting, 417
      functions
            optional functions, 423
            registering, 420
      implementation, 418
      optional hooks, 420
            example, 421-423
      parts, 418
      structures, 419
      typesafety, 418
      values, returning, 419
HostNameLookups directive, 74
hostnames
      "cannot determine local hostname", 46
      controlling access, 107-110
      mapping several to one address, 71
      providing (see ServerName directive)
      reverse-DNS lookup, 74
hosts, 1
      host numbers, 6
      hostnames, 9
      nonrouting (bastion), 215
      virtual (see virtual hosts)
hosts file, 51
.htaccess file, 83, 121-123, 155
htdigest utility, 116
htdocs directory, 4, 37
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
      forms, 293-295
      imagemaps, 157-160
htpasswd utility, 104
httd.h, 438
ht_time( ), 521
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 1, 292
      methods, 1, 75
      response headers, 78-82
      status codes, 198, 440
      using Version 1.0, 358
      Version 1.1 and browsers, 139
HTTP_ACCEPT variable, 133
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE variable, 135
httpd, 4
      flags, 38
      restarting, 82
      virtual (see virtual hosts)
httpd.conf file, including users/groups, 44
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (see HTTP)
Hyptertext Markup Language (see HTML)

I[ Top ]
icons in indexes, 148-151
IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm), 211
identd daemon, querying, 121
IdentityCheck directive, 121
ifconfig utility, 8
<IfDefine> directive, 69
<IfModule> directive, 26, 69
image negotiation, 133
imagemaps, 159
imap-file handler, 353
ImapBase directive, 160
ImapDefault directive, 161
ImapMenu directive, 160
include command, 303, 305
Include directive, 75
Includes option (Options), 301
IncludesNoExec option (Options), 80
Indexes option (Options), 80
index.html file, 66
indexing, 143-160
      icons with, 148-151
      imagemaps, 159
inetd utility, 92
info module, 200
information, obtaining
      CGI scripts, logging, 345
      configuration, 417
      configuration and requests, 504
            functions, 538-540
            status requests, 204
      per-request, 413-417, 502-504
      requests, 417
      servers, 202-204
      on users, 120
initializer, 452
input filters, 432-436
installation
      JDK, 385
      mod_perl, 361-364
            troubleshooting, 364
      suEXEC utility, 347
      Tomcat, 385
interfaces, 7
      bucket interface, 427
      mod_jk and, 389-392
internal users, security and, 206-208
internal_redirect( ), 534
internal_redirect_handler( ), 534
International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), 211
internationalization, 133-135
Internet Explorer, configuring for proxy server, 186
"Invalid command Anonymous" error, 117
I/O, API functions, 530-533
IP addresses, 6
      binding to specific, 91
      controlling access, 107-110
      IP-based virtual hosts, 88
      loopback, 47
      mapping several hostnames to, 71
      restricting attention to, 92
IRIXNIS rule, 28
isapi-isa hander, 353
is_directory( ), 528
ISMAP attribute (<IMG>), 157
is_matchexp( ), 522
is_url( ), 528

J[ Top ]
JDK (Java Development Kit) installation, 385
JServ, 372
      building, 374
      Cocoon and, 397
      directives, 378-382
      status handler, 382
JServ servlets, writing, 382

K[ Top ]
-k flag (apache), 39, 54, 83
KeepAlive directive, 74, 358
keepalive_timeout( ), 535
KeepAliveTimeout directive, 74
keys, encryption (see encryption)
kill command, 82
kill utility, 48
kill_cleanup( ), 511
kill_cleanups_for_fd( ), 511
kill_thread( ), 520
kill_timeout( ), 535

L[ Top ]
language negotiation, 133-135
LanguagePriority property, 135
layers, filters, 426
legal issues, 217
level numbers, 138
libraries, APR, 405
license, Apache, xiii
<Limit> directive, 75
Listen directive, 90, 92
ListenBacklog directive, 92
ln command, 65, 81
local networks, 50
<Location> directive, 68
<LocationMatch> directive, 68
LockFile directive, 73
LogFormat directive, 194-196
logging, 192-202
      API functions, 541
      CGI script information, 345
      cookies, 337
      example, 197-199
      format of log files, 194-196
      logs directory, 4
      module for, 475
      SSL activity, 238
      URL substitutions, 171
logs directory, 37
      specifying location of, 56
loopback addresses, 47

M[ Top ]
Mail Exchange (MX) records, 216
make_array( ), 506
make_dirstr( ), 526
Makefile file, 24
make_full_path( ), 528
make_sub_pool( ), 505
make_table( ), 508
Math Markup Language, 396
MD5
      digest authentication, 114-116
      functions, API, 517
memory
      limiting for CGI scripts, 346
      pools, 505
menus for imagemaps, 160
mergers, 444
messages, error, 2
MetaDir directive, 84
metafiles (CERN), 83
MetaFiles directive, 83
MetaSuffix directive, 84
<METHOD> tag (HTML), 293-295
methods, HTTP, 1, 75
Microsoft Internet Explorer, configuring for proxy server, 186
MIME types, 125-127, 138
      checking, 471-473
      indexing by, 150
mod_access module, 466
mod_alias module, 162-169
mod_auth_anon module, 117
mod_expires module, 84
modification time/date
      cache, 184
      expirations and, 84
      flastmod command for, 303, 304
mod_info module, 200
mod_jk, 389-392
mod_jserv
      gmake (GNU) and, 373
      JServ and, 374
      overview, 372
mod_log_agent module, 475
mod_perl, 359
      CGI scripts and, 365
      changes, loading, 368
      configuration, 369-371
      constructs, unsafe, 367
      documentation, 361
      global variables, 365-367
      installation, 361-364
            troubleshooting, 364
      modules, linking multiple, 363
      opening/closing files, 368
      overview, 360
      Perl flags, 367
      testing, 364
mod_reveal module (example), 477-493
mod_rewrite module, 170-176
mod_speling module, 177
mod_ssl, Apache v1.3 and, 224
mod_status module, 474
module_check_access( ), 466-471
module_check_auth( ), 470
module_check_user_id( ), 469-471
module_child_init( ), 455
module_create_dir_config( ), 443
module_create_svr_config( ), 442
module_dir_merge( ), 445
module_fixups( ), 473
module_header_parser( ), 464
module_init( ), 452
module_logger( ), 475
module_map_to_storage, 463
module_merge_server( ), 444
module_post_read_request( ), 456
module_pre_config( ), 444
module_quick_handler, 457
modules, 24, 436
      configuration, 406-412, 442-477
      configuring, 500-504
      example, 477-493
      hooks, exporting, 417
      linking, mod_perl and, 363
      structure, 442-477
      structure of, 438
      writing, 438-493
module_translate( ), 460
module_type_checker( ), 471-473
multiple copies of Apache, 90-93
multitasking, 2
multithreading, 493
multiviews, 132
MultiViews option (Options), 80, 132
MusicML, 396
mutexes, 518
MX (Mail Exchange) records, 216

N[ Top ]
name-based virtual hosts, 87, 89
names
      FQDNs, 51
      hostnames, 9
      translating URLs to, 460
NameVirtualHost directive, 86, 87
netmask command, 51
Netscape, 62
      keepalive bug, 74
      languages and, 134
networks
      local, 50
      numbers for, 6, 51
      physically separate, 214-217
Newspaper Classified Ad ML, 396
no2slash( ), 526
NoCache directive, 185
nokeepalive variable, 358
nonce, 114
nonrouting hosts, 215
note_cleanups_for_fd( ), 511
note_cleanups_for_file( ), 513
note_subprocess( ), 514
numbers
      host, 6
      network, 6, 51
      port, 7

O[ Top ]
obtaining FreeBSD Unix, 14
one-way hashes, 114
open_event( ), 519
OpenSSL, 219
optional functions, 423
      example, 424
optional hooks, 420
      example, 421-423
Options directive, 80-82
      Includes option, 301
      Options ExecCGI, 80, 319
      Options FollowSymLinks, 80, 82
      Options FollowSymLinksIfOwnerMatch, 82
      Options IncludesNoExec, 80
      Options Indexes, 80
      Options MultiViews, 80, 132
      Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch, 80
      ScriptAlias and, 319
order directive, 109, 203
os_escape_path( ), 527
output filters, 428-432
output to shells, 218
overlay_tables( ), 509
overrides, 123

P[ Top ]
packet filtering, 214
palloc( ), 505
parseHTTPdate( ), 522
parsing headers, 464
PassEnv directive, 334
passwords
      anonymous access, 117-120
      checking (see authentication)
      DBM files for, 110-112
      Unix systems, 104
      Win32 systems, 105
pathnames, xv, 10
paths, 71
      API functions, 526-529
pcalloc( ), 506
pclosef( ), 512
per-directory configuration, 410, 443, 445, 501
performance
      caching, 183-185
      PK encryption, 211
performance tuning, mod_perl use, 369
Perl
      flags, mod_perl, 367
      XML and, 397
permissions (Unix), 48-50
      suEXEC utility, 349
per-request information, 413-417, 502-504
per-server configuration, 406-412, 442, 444, 500
persistent-state cookies, 337
pfclose( ), 513
pfdopen( ), 513
pfopen( ), 513
PidFile directive, 57
PIDs (process identifiers), 41
pinging IP addresses, 52
pipe buckets, 427
piped logs, API functions, 542
PK encryption, 208-211
pool functions, API, 505
pools, 405, 499
popenf( ), 512
Port directive, 91
port-based virtual hosting, 90
porting to Apache 2.0, 494
ports, 2, 7, 91
POST method (HTTP), 292
post read requests, 456
preconfiguration, 444
pregcomp( ), 513
prerun fixups to modules, 473
privacy (see encryption; security)
process functions, API, 514-516
process identifiers (PIDs), 41
processes
      killing, 48
      limiting for CGI scripts, 346
protocols, 7
proxy servers, 2
      configuring cache, 186-188
ProxyDomain directive, 181
ProxyPass directive, 180
ProxyPassReverse directive, 181
ProxyRemote directive, 180
ProxyRequests directive, 179
ps utility, 41
pstrcat( ), 506
pstrdup( ), 506
pstrndup( ), 506
public key encryption, 208-211
push_array( ), 507
PUT method (HTTP), 292

Q[ Top ]
quality scores (qs values), 138

R[ Top ]
read permission, 48
realms, authentication, 100
redirection, 162-177
      URL substitutions, 170-176
RedirectMatch directive, 169
register_cleanup( ), 510
registration, functions, hooks and, 420
regular expressions
      API functions, 513
      for URLs, 170-176
release_semaphore( ), 519
remote proxy servers, 180
Remote-Addr header, 357
Remote-Host header, 357
Remote-User header, 357
Request-Method header, 357
request_rec structure, 502-504
Request-URI header, 357
request-handling API functions, 533
request_rec structure, 413
requests
      information on, 417
      maximum wait time, 74
      per-request information, 413-417, 502-504
      post read requests, 456
      status information, 204
require directive, 103
reset_event( ), 520
reset_timeout( ), 535
resource pools, 405, 499
response codes, HTTP, 198, 440
response headers, 78-82
restart flag (apachect1), 43
restarting httpd, 82
reverse-DNS lookups, 74
rewrite module, 170-176
RewriteBase directive, 172
RewriteCond directive, 173
RewriteEngine directive, 171
RewriteLog directive, 171
RewriteLogLevel directive, 171
RewriteMap directive, 171
RewriteRule directive, 174
rewriting URLs, 170-176
      example of, 175-176
RLimitCPU directive, 346
RLimitMEM directive, 346
RLimitNPROC directive, 346
root certificates, 212
root user, 7, 43
routers, 6
rputc( ), 531
rputs( ), 531
run_cleanup( ), 512
run_sub_req( ), 534
rvprintf( ), 532
rvputs( ), 532

S[ Top ]
-s flag (apache), 39
satisfy directive, 103
ScoreBoardFile directive, 72
ScriptAlias directive, 162-166, 318
ScriptAliasMatch directive, 166, 344, 345
ScriptLog directive, 345
ScriptLogBuffer directive, 345
ScriptLogLength directive, 345
scripts, CGI (see CGI)
SE Linux, 261
Secure Sockets Layer (see SSL)
security, 3
      access control, 107-110
      anonymous access, 117-120
      Apache v2 and SSL, 227
      authentication (see authentication)
      certificates, 211-213
            server certificates, 232
            test certificates, 229-232
      cipher suites, 251-256
      CookBook security, 258
      digital signatures, 208
      encryption, 208-211
      EROS, 261
      firewalls, 213-217
      fixed-length buffers, 493
      future of, 261
      .htaccess file (see .htaccess file)
      IgnoreIndex directive and, 148
      legal issues, 217
      logging and (see logging)
      passwords, 104
      precautions, 218
      real-life applications, 257-261
      SE Linux, 261
      SSL
            Apache v1.3 and, 218-224
            directives, 233-251
      suEXEC wrapper for CGI, 346-353
      Unix and, 206
      Unix permissions, 48-50
      Win32, 7, 206
semaphores, 519
semiformatted menus, 160
send-as-is handler, 353
SendBufferSize directive, 73
send_fd( ), 530
send_fd_length( ), 531
send_http_header( ), 533
separate networks, 214-217
server
      configuration files, 39
      Unix, setting up, 40-51
      Win32, setting up, 52-55
server certificates, 232
server-info handler, 353
server information functions, API, 540
server-parsed handler, 353
server-status handler, 353
ServerAdmin directive, 70
ServerAlias directive, 71
ServerName directive, 46, 53, 55
ServerPath directive, 71
server_rec structure, 417, 500, 504
ServerRoot directive, 56
servers, 12
      configuration, per-server configuration, 406-412
      information on, 202-204
      maximum wait for requests, 74
      per-server configuration, 442, 500
      proxy servers, 2
server-side includes
      CGI scripts executed as, 302, 305
      IncludesNoExec (Options directive), 80
      XSSI facility, 309
ServerSignature directive, 70
ServerTokens directive, 71
ServerType directive, 92
service, Apache as (Win32), 52
servlets
      JServ
            writing, 382
      Tomcat
            testing, 388
            writing, 388
SetEnv directive, 334
SetEnvIf directive, 357
SetEnvIfNoCase directive, 357
set_event( ), 520
SetHandler directive, 131, 203, 354
set_string_slot( ), 451
setup_client_block( ), 532
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), 394
shell output, 218
should_client_block( ), 533
.shtml filename extension, 301
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 216
size
      cache, 184
      files, 303
      pool, 505
      TCP send buffer, 73
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 216
socket buckets, 427
sockets, API functions, 512
SOCKS rules, 28
soft_timeout( ), 535
spawn_child_err( ), 515
spell-checking URLs, 177
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 217
      Apache v1.3 and, 218-224
      Apache v2 and, 227
      Apache-SSL, 219
      directives, 233-251
      global session cache, 232
      mod_ssl, Apache v1.3 and, 224
      OpenSSL, 219
SSLBanCipher directive, 253
SSLCACertificateFile directive, 235
SSLCACertificatePath directive, 235
SSLCacheServerPath directive, 234
SSLCacheServerPort directive, 234
SSLCacheServerRunDir directive, 234
SSLCertificateFile directive, 235
SSLCertificateKeyFile directive, 236
SSLCipherSuite, 253
SSLDisable directive, 233
SSLEnable directive, 233
SSLExportClientCertificates directive, 239
SSLFakeBasicAuth directive, 237
SSLLogFile directive, 251
SSLRequireCipher directive, 253
SSLRequiredCiphers directive, 251
SSLRequireSSL directive, 233
SSLSessionCacheTimeout directive, 235
SSLVerifyClient directive, 236
SSLVerifyDepth directive, 236
standalone mode, 12
      ServerType, 93
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), 394
start flag (apachect1), 43
status codes, HTTP, 198, 440
status flag (apachect1), 43
STATUS rule, 28
stop flag (apachect1), 43
stop script (example), 42
strcasecmp_match( ), 522
strcmp_match( ), 522
strftime( ), 304
string functions, API, 522-525
structures
      hooks, 418
      optional hooks, 420
subnet masks, 6
sub_req_lookup_file( ), 534
sub_req_lookup_uri( ), 533
substitutions within URLs, 170-176
suEXEC wrapper, 346-353
superuser, 7, 43
symbolic links, 65, 81
SymLinksIfOwnerMatch option (Options), 80
synchronization, API functions, 518-521

T[ Top ]
table functions, API, 508-510
table_add( ), 509
table_elts( ), 508
table_get( ), 510
table_merge( ), 509
table_set( ), 508
table_unset( ), 509
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 6
      send buffer size, 73
TCP/IP, 5-9
      API functions, 530-533
      testing if running, 52
telnet, 11
test certificates, 229-232
testing
      Cocoon, 401
      mod_perl, 364
      servlets, Tomcat, 388
TFTP protocol, 214
threads, API functions, 518-521
time
      caching-related, 184
      display format, 304
      expiring (see expiring)
time and date functions, API, 521
TimeOut directive, 74
timeout functions, API, 534-536
tm2sec( ), 522
Tomcat, 372, 384
      Cocoon and, 400
      Conf file, 388
      connecting to Apache, 389
      directories, 387
      installation, 385
      mod_jk, 389-392
      servlets
            testing, 388
            writing, 388
TRACE method (HTTP), 292
TransferLog directive, 193
translating URLs to names, 460
Transmission Control Protocol (see TCP)
troubleshooting
      imagemaps, 159
      installation, mod_perl, 364
      logging errors, 56, 193
      prerun mixups to modules, 473
      proxy server configuration, 186
      security precautions, 218
      spelling of URLs, 177
      SSL, 223
      suEXEC utility, 350
type checker, 471-473
type-map handler, 353
type maps, 136-139
typesafety, hooks and, 418
TypesConfig directive, 57, 126

U[ Top ]
-u flag (apache), 39
UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 6
"unable to get hostbyname" error, 43
uname2id( ), 529
unblock_alarms( ), 535
unescape_url( ), 527
unformatted menus, 160
uniform resource identifiers (see URIs)
uniform resource locators (see URLs)
unique_id_child_init( ), 455
Unix operating system
      configuring server, 40-51
      DBM files, 110-112
      making Apache, 28
      multiple IP addresses, 8
      passwords, 104
      permissions, 48-50
      restarting Apache, 82
      security and, 206
      suEXEC wrapper, 346-353
      versions of, 14
uri_components structure, 547
URIs (uniform resource identifiers)
      API functions, 547
URLs (uniform resource locators), 1, 10
      API functions, 526-529
      digest authentication, 99, 113-116
      imagemaps, 160
      limiting directives to, 68
      redirecting upon errors, 63
      rewriting, 170-176
      spell-checking, 177
      translating to names, 460
UseCanonicalName directive, 70
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 6
User directive, 44, 279, 283, 284
UserDir directive, 167
users
      API functions, 529
      automatic information on, 120
      checking if access allowed, 469-471
      creating, 44
      DBM files, 110-112
      home directories, 167
      permissions (see permissions)
      security and, 206-208
uudecode( ), 524

V[ Top ]
-V flag (httpd/apache), 38
-v flag (httpd/apache), 38
.var files (see type maps)
variables
      environment, 334-358
            access control, 108
      global, mod_perl, 365-367
      printing, 302, 306
versions
      Apache, xii, 15
      HTTP, forcing to 1.0, 358
      SOCKS, 28
      Unix, 14
virtual attribute (include command), 306
virtual cash, 208
virtual hosts, 62, 86-90
      (see also multiple copies of Apache)
<VirtualHost> directive, 67, 87

W[ Top ]
WANTHSREGEX rule, 28
Weather Observation Definition Format, 396
web addresses (see URLs)
web browsers
      HTTP 1.1 and, 139
      icons and, 149
      imagemaps, 156
Web of Trust (WOT), certificates and, 212
web redirection, 162-177
web servers, 12
      information on, 202-204
            controlling access to, 71
      maximum wait for requests, 74
      per-server configuration, 406-412, 442, 444, 445, 500
      proxy servers, 2
web sites, 4
      defined, 37
      demonstration, xiv
      multiple (see virtual hosts)
webgroup group (example), 44
webuser user (example), 44
Win32, 33-36
      configuring server, 52-55
      home directories, 168
      multiple IP addresses, 9
      passwords, 105
      restarting Apache, 83
      security, 7, 206
      time display format, 304
      versions of Apache, 14
Windows OS (see Win32)
WOT (Web of Trust), certificates and, 212
wrappers, 346
writing modules, 438-493
writing permission, 48

X[ Top ]
XML (Extensible Markup Language), 393
      overview, 393-396
      Perl and, 397
      vocabularies, 396
XSSI facility, 309

Y[ Top ]
Year 2000 and time formats, 304