O’Reilly Verlag

• 
  • Weitere Informationen zu diesem Buch:

    Inhaltsverzeichnis | Index | Probekapitel | Kolophon | Rezensionen |
    

A[ Top ]
Aboriginal Australians' Songlines, 22
administrative metadata, 126
advertising
      ambient (see ambient advertising)
      SEA (search engine advertising), 112
AI (artificial intelligence)
      decision trees, 155
      introduction, 155
      Simon, Herbert, 156
Alexander, Christopher, 31
Amazon, documents and, 149
ambient advertising, 98
ambient, definition, 6
Ambient Devices, 2, 90
ambiguity of language, 51
American Library Association, information literacy and, 8
Anderson, Chris, The Long Tail, 12
ants
      Cataglyphis ants, 18
      geocentric/egocentric navigation, 18
Aristotle, honeybee navigation, 20
Arthur, Paul, 28
as the crow flies, 22
AT&T's Find People Nearby, 84
awards, 10

B[ Top ]
Baldwin, James Mark, 41
      The Baldwin Effect, 41
Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo, 143
Bates, Marcia J., 59-62
battery power, mobile communications, 68
bell curves, 52
Berners-Lee, Tim
      Semantic Web and, 121
      W3C, 121
berrypicking techniques, 59
Blair, David C., 50
boundary objects
      Internet as, 119
      Star, Susan Leigh, 119
bounded irrationality, 158
BrailleNote GPS, 76
Brand, Stewart, pace layering, 139
Bray, Tim, 132
bricks, Tangible Media Group, 91
Briet, Suzanne, documents, 148
Brin, David, surveillance and, 95
broken windows theory, 169
browsers
      graphical, 37
      Mosaic, 49
Bush, Vannevar, 34
business value of findability, 8
buying power, marketing and, 103

C[ Top ]
cameras, 86
Card, Stuart, 60
Cataglyphis ants, 18
cell phones
      glasses, wireless, 93
      GPS-enabled, 80
      Yosemite, 66
de Chardin, Teilhard, 33
charts, 24-26
child locator, 78
children, geofences, 80
chip logs, 23
chronometer, 23
clothing
      Bluetooth-enabled, 93
      wearable computing platform, 93
cognitive maps, 19
      hippocampus and, 32
communication, information and, 47
compass use, 23
contact information for this book, xiii
container metaphors, 38
controlled vocabularies, 53, 127
convergence
      Mann, Steve and, 93
      wearable computing platform, 93
convergent architecture
      Huang, Jeffrey, 92
      Waldvogel, Muriel, 92
Converse, Tim, Semantic Web and, 123
Cosmides, Leda, decision making, 158
covert tracking, 81
crows, Norwegian sailors and, 22
Crowston, Kevin, communication genres, 145
customers, design and, 104
cyberspace, Gibson, William, 35

D[ Top ]
Daedalus' labyrinth, 16
data, 46
decision making
      Cosmides, Leda, 158
      Gladwell, Malcolm and, 157
      Hayashi, Alden and, 158
      informed decisions, 159
      irrationality and, 157
      Tooby, John and, 158
decision trees, 155
definition of findability, 4-7
Degree Confluence Project, 76
descriptive metadata, 126
design
      customers and, 104
      users and, 108
      web pages, 103-111
Digital Angel GPS device, 80
digital genre, 146
digital librarianship, 176
Dillon, Andrew, 37, 62
districts, environmental legibility, 27
documents, 144
      Amazon, 149
      Briet, Suzanne, 148
      physical objects, 147
Doom, 35
Drexler, K. Eric, social software, 134

E[ Top ]
Easy Living (Microsoft), 89
edge-notched punch cards, 48
edges, environmental legibility and, 27
egocentric navigation, 18
empathy for user, 6
environmental legibility, 26
everyware, 66-70
exhaustive searches, 50
existence search, 49

F[ Top ]
faceted classification, 127
Find People Nearby (AT&T), 84
findability
      business value, 8
      definition, 4-7
      hacks, 111-115
Fogg, B.J., credibility study, 110
folksonomies
      Garrett, Jesse James, 137
      Smith, Gene, 135
      VanderWal, Thomas, 136
      Weinberger, David, 139
foraging for information, 60
Ford, Paul and Clay Shirky, 124
Freddie Award, 10

G[ Top ]
Garrett, Jesse James, folksonomies and, 137
genres of communication, 145
      digital genre, 146
      new, 145
geocentric navigation, 18
geocoding, J.C. Spohrer, 75
geofences, 80
Georgia Tech's Smart Floor, 89
Gershon, Nahum, 58
Gibson, William, 3
      cyberspace, 35
GIS (geographic information systems), 26
Gladwell, Malcolm
      crime rates study, 168
      irrationality and, 157
glasses, cell phones and, 93
GOMS (Goals, Operators, Methods and Selections), 59
Google Maps, 74
Google PageRank, 53
Googlebombing, 152
Gopher, 119
Gorman, Michael, network cultures and, 161
gossip, 57
GPS (Global Positioning System), 71
      BrailleNote GPS, 76
      cell phones, law enforcement and, 80
      child locator, 78
      chip, 2
      covert tracking, 81
      Digital Angel, 80
      geofences, 80
      Hertz NeverLost, 72
      Networkcar, 80
      OnStar, 80
      personal locator devices, 80
Graffiti, 167-173
graffiti theory, crime and, 169
grapevine, 57
graphical browsers, 37
Greenfield, Adam, 70

H[ Top ]
Habitat, 35
Hawking, Stephen, 95
Hawkins, Jeff, 167
Hayashi, Alden, decision-making and, 158
HCI (Human Computer Interaction), 59
healthcare
      Digital Angel GPS device, 80
      medical information online, 163
      surveillance, 90
Hendler, James, Semantic Web and, 121
Hertz NeverLost navigation system, 72
HII (Human Information Interaction), 58
hippocampus, 32
      MRI and, 32
      PET scans and, 32
honeybee navigation, 20
HTML metadata, 132
Huang, Jeffrey, convergent architecture, 92
human wayfinding, natural habitats, 20
hypermedia, Ted Nelson and, 64
hypertext, Ted Nelson and, 64

I[ Top ]
information
      communication and, 47
      defining, 45-48
      definition, 46
      marketing and, 103
information foraging, 60
information interaction, 58-63
information literacy, 7-8
information overload, 165-166
information retrieval, 48-51
      users and, 54
informed decisions, 159
Intel, Gordon Moore and, 43
intertwingling
      imports and, 86-90
intertwingularity, 64
      Nelson, Ted and, 64
iProspect, search engines and, 112
irrationality
      bounded irrationality, 158
      decision-making and, 157
      Gladwell, Malcolm, 157
Ishii, Hiroshi, 91

J[ Top ]
Johnson, Steven, 56
Juhnke, Deborah, documents and, 144

K[ Top ]
Kahle, Brewster, digital librarianship and, 176
Kelly, Kevin, 175
keyboards, Twiddler, 69
keyword searches, 4
King, Andy, user experience and, 110
knowledge, definition, 46
Kotler, Philip, 113

L[ Top ]
labyrinths, 16
Lakoff, George, 33
      taxonomies and, 129
landmarks
      environmental legibility, 27
      visual, 18
language
      ambiguity, 51
      controlled vocabularies, 53
      representation and, 51
      words, 51
Lassila, Ora, Semantic Web and, 121
Laws, Kevin, 13
laws of Moore and Mooers, 43
Lessig, Lawrence, network cultures and, 162
Levitt, Steven, broken window theory and, 170
lighthouses, 22
Linnaean taxonomy of living things, 127
location
      Google Maps, 74
      MapQuest, 74
location-sensing devices
      BrailleNote GPS, 76
      covert tracking devices, 81
      Degree Confluence Project and, 76
      Digital Angel, 80
      geofences, 80
      Mappr, 76
      OnStar, 80
      personal locator, 80
      social software services, 84
      Wherify Wireless GPS Personal Locator, 78
location-sensing techniques, 73
Loran, 26
Lost and Found, 13
lumitouch, Tangible Media Group, 91
Lyman, Peter, network cultures and, 161
Lynch, Kevin, 17, 26

M[ Top ]
magnetic map, sea turtles, 20
Mann, Steve, convergence, 93
Mappr, photography and, 76
MapQuest, 74
maps, 24-26
      Gerardus Mercator, 26
      Google Maps, 74
      Mapquest, 74
marketing, 101
      buying power and, 103
      definition, 102
      information and, 103
      variety and, 103
Maron, M.E., 50
mazes, 16
McCullough, Malcolm, physical and digital architecture, 92
medical information online, 163
Mercator, Gerardus, Mercator Projection, 26
Merholz, Peter, genres of communication, 147
metadata
      administrative, 126
      Amazon and, 149
      descriptive, 126
      Google and, 53
      HTML and, 132
      RDF and, 131, 132
      structural, 126
      tags, 53
      term usage, 125
      XML and, 132
metaphors
      container, 38
      orientational, 33
      spatial, 33
      trajectory, 38
Metcalfe's Law, 65
microphone surveillance, 88
Microsoft Easy Living, 89
Microsoft MyLifeBits project, 94
mobile communications
      batteries, 68
      news, 67
      Rheingold, Howard, 67
Mooers, Calvin, 44
      information retrieval, 48
Mooers' Law, 44
Moore, Gordon, 43
Mosaic web browser, 49
MP3 players, wireless glasses, 93
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), hippocampus and, 32
MusicBottles, Tangible Media Group, 91
MyLifeBits project (Microsoft), 94
Myst, 35

N[ Top ]
nanny cams, 87
Nass, Clifford, 55
natural habitat, human wayfinding and, 20
navigation
      cognitive maps, 19
      egocentric, 18
      geocentric, 18
      honeybees, 20
      magnetic maps, 20
      Polynesian ocean travel, 21
      senses and, 19
      (see also wayfinding)
NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications), 132
Nelson, Ted, 64
Networkcar system, 80
networks, 141-143
      network culture, 160
New Yorker cartoon, 120
Newton, Sir Isaac, 178
Nicholson, Nigel, 56
      gossip and, 57
Nielson, Jakob, 60
nodes, environmental legibility, 27
noosphere, 33
Norman, Don, 56
      usability and, 110
Norwegian sailors, crows and, 22

O[ Top ]
objects, physical, 147
OCLC (Online Computer Library Center), 132
online searching, early years, 49
OnStar system, 80
ontologies, 129
      RDF (Resource Description Framework) and, 131
      searches and, 132
      Wittgenstein, Ludwig and, 133
orientational metaphors, 33
Otlet, Paul, 147
Overture Search Term Suggestion Tool, 9

P[ Top ]
PageRank (Google), 53
Pareto, Vilfredo, 51
Pareto's Principle, 51
Passini, Romedi, 28
paths, environmental legibility and, 27
pattern recognition, surveillance and, 88
personal locator devices, 80
personalization, push and pull, 115
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans, hippocampus and, 32
photographs
      Degree Confluence Project, 76
      Mappr and, 76
physical objects, documents and, 147
Pirolli, Peter, 60
Platypus paradox, 128
politicians, grapevine and, 57
polyhierarchy, taxonomies, 127
Polynesian ocean travel, 21
power laws, 51
      bell curves and, 52
      Zipf, George Kingsley, 52
Principle of Least Effort, 55
proximity, location sensing and, 73
pull
      introduction, 99
      personalization and, 115
      RSS and, 100
punch cards, 48
push
      introduction, 99
      personalization and, 115
      RSS and, 100

R[ Top ]
radar, 26
Raymond, Eric S., 174
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
      metadata and, 132
      ontologies and, 131
      syntax complexity, 132
representation, language and, 51
resources, contact information for this book, xiii
retrieving information (see information retrieval)
RFIDs (radio-frequency identification tags), 2
      advantages, 81
      applications, 82
      tags
            active, 83
            passive, 83
Rheingold, Howard
      mobile communications, 67
      thumb tribes, 67
root nodes, 126
Rose, David, 90
round earth theory, 26
RSS, 100

S[ Top ]
Safari Enabled, books designated as, xiii
sample search, 49
scene analysis, location sensing and, 73
Schwartz, Barry, information overload and, 165
SEA (search engine advertising), 112
sea turtles
      cognitive maps and, 19
      magnetic map, 20
Search Term Suggestion Tool (Overture), 9
searches
      exhaustive, 50
      existence search, 49
      ontologies, 132
      sample search, 49
      SEA (search engine advertising), 112
      SEO (search engine optimization), 112
Second Life, 35
self-correcting systems, 174
Semantic Web, 121
      Berners-Lee, Tim, 121
      Converse, Tim and, 123
      folksonomies, 134-141
      Hendler, James, 121
      Lakoff, George, 129
      Lassila, Ora, 121
      metadata, 125-126
      ontologies, 129-134
      Shirky, Clay and, 124
      syllogism, 123
      taxonomies, 126-129
      Weinberger, David and, 122
      see also taxonomies)
senses, navigation and, 19
SEO (search engine optimization), 112
      guidelines, 112
sextant, 23
Shirky, Clay
      Semantic Web and, 124
      social software, 123
      Social Software Summit, 135
Silicon Sycophants, 55
SimCity, 35
Simon, Herbert, 55
      AI and, 156
Sir Isaac Newton, 178
Smart Floor (Georgia Tech), 89
Smith, Gene
      documents and, 144
      user-defined labels and, 135
social software
      first usage, 134
      Shirky, Clay and, 123
social software services, 84
Social Software Summit, 135
Songlines of the Aboriginal Australians, 22
spam, origins of term, 98
spatial metaphors, 33
spimes, Bruce Sterling and, 84
Spohrer, J.C., 74
STAIRS (Storage and Information Retrieval System), 50
Star, Susan Leigh, boundary objects, 119
Sterling, Bruce, spimes and, 84
structural metadata, 126
Summit, Roger, 44
surveillance
      Easy Living (Microsoft), 89
      healthcare uses, 90
      nanny cams, 87
      sensors, 89
      SENTRI microphone surveillance, 88
      Smart Floor (Georgia Tech), 89
      wearables and, 95
syllogisms, Semantic Web, 123

T[ Top ]
Tangible Media Group, 91
taxonomies
      controlled vocabularies, 127
      faceted classification, 127
      Lakoff, George, 129
      Linnaean taxonomy, 127
      Platypus, 128
      polyhierarchy, 127
      root node, 126
      (see also Semantic Web)
thumb tribes, 67
Tikopians, 21
Tolman, Edward, 19
Toms, Elaine, 59
Tooby, John, decision making, 158
trajectory metaphors, 38
transistor density, Gordon Moore and, 43
Treo, 1
      GPS chip, 2
triangulation, location sensing and, 73
triple storage model, 131
Twiddler keyboard, 69

U[ Top ]
ubiquitous computing, Weiser, Mark, 65
Ultima, 35
Underhill, Paco, 11
URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers), 131
usability
      Norman, Don and, 110
      Veen, Jeff and, 110
users, 54
      King, Andy and, 110
      Principle of Least Effort, 55
UWB (ultra-wide-band) technologies, 68

V[ Top ]
VanderWal, Thomas, folksonomies, 136
variety, marketing and, 103
Vaughan, Misha, 37, 62
Veen, Jeff, usability and, 110
visual landmarks, ants and, 18
visualization, Web navigation and, 38
vocabularies, controlled, 53

W[ Top ]
WAIS, 119
Waldvogel, Muriel, convergent architecture, 92
wayfinding
      ants and, 18
      chip log, 23
      chronometer, 23
      compass use, 23
      definition, 17
      humans, natural habitat and, 20
      lighthouses, 22
      sextant, 23
      (see also navigation)
wearable computing platform, 93
      MyLifeBits project (Microsoft), 94
      surveillance and, 95
Web, 37
      visualization techniques and, 38
web browsers (see browsers)
web page design, 103-111
web sites for this book, xiii
Webby Award, 10
Weinberger, David, 70
      folksonomies and, 139
      Semantic Web and, 122
Weiser, Mark, ubiquitous computing, 65
Wherify Wireless GPS Personal Locator for Kids, 78
Williams, Marie, communications genres, 145
Williams, Michael, 114
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, ontologies and, 133
words, 51

X[ Top ]
XML, metadata and, 132
Xybernaut wearable computing platform, 93

Z[ Top ]
Zipf, George Kingsley, 52
      Principle of Least Effort, 55
Zork, 35